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Factors affecting behaviour of avian predators to hoverflies (Syrphidae) and their models (Aculeata)
Truhlářová, Marie ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Batesian mimicry is an antipredator strategy used by harmless species to mimic dangerous models by their appearance. The so-called imperfect mimics are a phenomenon within Batesian mimicry. It would be expected that Batesian mimics are selected to resemble the model as perfectly as possible. However, in some species the resemblance is very poor. The aim of this study was to test reaction of predators towards a textbook example of Batesian mimics with imperfect mimicry, i.e., hoverflies (Syrphidae) and to verify some of the hypotheses describing imperfect mimicry. We conducted two experiments in which the model predators were great tits (Parus major). The topic of the first experiment was the effect of diversity of models on categorization and generalization of hoverflies. Birds were divided into two groups, with the first group receiving high diversity of models (10 species of Hymenoptera) and second group receiving low diversity of models (2 species of Hymenoptera). There were two parts of this experiment. Categorization training when great tits learn to discriminate between two categories of prey, palatable and unpalatable and generalization test, when great tits generalized their experience from categorization training to novel prey. Palatable prey was represented by non-mimetic flies (Diptera),...
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Introduction into the topic of sequences at the secondary school of book culture in a motivating way
Bay, Petra ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to present the potential of constructivist approaches to teach sequences at high school, with special attention to the problems leading to generalisation. You will read about critical points in the process of generalisation which occurred in TIMSS and PISA international studies and which were examined in the teaching experiment. The question of motivation to learn mathematics is an essential part of this thesis as well as it is an essential part of constructivist approaches to teaching. Two chapters at the beginning analyze school curricular documents, science articles, school textbooks and TIMSS and PISA international studies which formed the theoretical frame of the teaching experiment. The teaching experiment is based on Hejný's theory of generic models and on constructivist approaches to teaching which are introduced in the third chapter. Chapter four which describes the teaching experiment and pre-experiment is the main part of the thesis. It brings inspiration how to deal with the critical points in the process of generalisation and how to motivate pupils to learn mathematics. Key words sequence, generalisation, mathematisation, motivation, approaches to teaching, constructivism
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Commented translation: L'Homme et le chien. Bien communiquer. (Pageat, Patrick. Odile Jacob. Paris 1999, str. 135- 155).
Šenkeříková, Irena ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
Thesis Abstract This final bachelor thesis consists of two parts, czech translation of the french text and its commentary. The first part of this thesis is a translation of one section of the French breedes guide L'Homme et le chien. Bien communiquer. written by french veterinarian and entomologist Patrick Pageat. In this first part which consists on translation, I focused on creating a comprehensible and straightforward text for the czech recipient. I perserved the essential function of the original text - to provide information and give to the breeders the useful advice. The second part of the work consists detailed translation analysis of the original text. Then I focus on individual translation issues that I had to deal with in the czech text. The conclusion of the work summarizes the methods used in translation and provides the typology of problems.
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Introduction into the topic of sequences at the secondary school of book culture in a motivating way
Bay, Petra ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to present the potential of constructivist approaches to teach sequences at high school, with special attention to the problems leading to generalisation. You will read about critical points in the process of generalisation which occurred in TIMSS and PISA international studies and which were examined in the teaching experiment. The question of motivation to learn mathematics is an essential part of this thesis as well as it is an essential part of constructivist approaches to teaching. Two chapters at the beginning analyze school curricular documents, science articles, school textbooks and TIMSS and PISA international studies which formed the theoretical frame of the teaching experiment. The teaching experiment is based on Hejný's theory of generic models and on constructivist approaches to teaching which are introduced in the third chapter. Chapter four which describes the teaching experiment and pre-experiment is the main part of the thesis. It brings inspiration how to deal with the critical points in the process of generalisation and how to motivate pupils to learn mathematics. Key words sequence, generalisation, mathematisation, motivation, approaches to teaching, constructivism
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Commented translation: L'Homme et le chien. Bien communiquer. (Pageat, Patrick. Odile Jacob. Paris 1999, str. 135- 155).
Šenkeříková, Irena ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
Thesis Abstract This final bachelor thesis consists of two parts, czech translation of the french text and its commentary. The first part of this thesis is a translation of one section of the French breedes guide L'Homme et le chien. Bien communiquer. written by french veterinarian and entomologist Patrick Pageat. In this first part which consists on translation, I focused on creating a comprehensible and straightforward text for the czech recipient. I perserved the essential function of the original text - to provide information and give to the breeders the useful advice. The second part of the work consists detailed translation analysis of the original text. Then I focus on individual translation issues that I had to deal with in the czech text. The conclusion of the work summarizes the methods used in translation and provides the typology of problems.
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Reactions of the jumping spider Evarcha arcuata to aposematic true bugs
Raška, Jan ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Šobotník, Jan (referee)
Jan Raška: Reactions of the jumping spider Evarcha arcuata to aposematic true bugs Abstract: This paper studies the effect of qualities of a prey on predatory behaviour of Evarcha arcuata (Araneae: Salticidae). Naturally coloured aposematic larveae of Pyrrhocoris apterus have been compared to two types of prey: 1) to identically coloured but in defensive secretion different larvae of Scantius aegyptius, and 2) differently coloured larvae of white mutants of P. apterus. The defensive secretion of S. aegyptius has been found less effective in the first interaction with predator than that of P. apterus, however, after several trials the difference of reactions of the spider has not been noticeable. When changed the species of prey, E. arcuata has symmetrically and considerably generalised between the two species. Significant difference has been established in memory test - while P. apterus has been avoided even after one day, S. aegyptius has been attacked as thought the spiders were naive. The learning sequence has been similar in both colour forms of P. apterus; the generalisation of the two colours has been symetrical as well. Both colour forms succeeded in memory test (e.g. spiders have proven difference in comparison with the naive ones), however, white mutants have been successfully attacked...
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Algorithm for automated building simplification using aggregation
Svobodová, Jana ; Bayer, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lysák, Jakub (referee)
Algorithm for automated building simplification using aggregation Abstract Diploma thesis deals with automated cartographic generalization. The main aim is to propose a new generalization algorithm for building aggregation. The first part brings summary of existing algorithms for building aggre- gation. Then the new algorithm is presented: at first, auxiliary data structu- res and algorithms are presented, then cartographic and geometric require- ments are defined. New algorithm is based on the principle of straight skeleton construction. Outer vertices are removed from constructed straight skeletons and those structures are aggregated. The aggregated polygon is reconstructed from ag- gregated structures. The second part is focused on implementation and results evaluation. The algorithm is implemented using open-source libraries CGAL, Boost and Shapelib. The results and confrontation with SW ArcGIS are discus- sed in conclusion of the thesis. 1
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Commented translation: Bien vivre avec son chat (Muriel Alnot-Perronin, Paris: Rustica Éditions, 2008)
Flanderová, Kristýna ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
The work consists of two parts, translation and its commentary. It is a translation of a French breeders guide Bien vivre avec son chat - the chapter about feeding and the first part of the chapter about cats hygiene and care. I preserved the main function of the original text in the translation - to provide information to the recipient, to give them useful knowledge and advice. In the second part of the work, I reflect the problems of the translating process. First, I characterise in detail the original text, regarding both extratextual and intratextual factors. Then I focus on individual translation problems and create the typology of the problems. At the end of the work I summarize the methods used in the translation.
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