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A case study focusing on the physiotherapeutic treatement of a patient with comminuted fracture of the distal part of the femur
Bořil, Ladislav ; Reckziegelová, Petra (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
v Abstract Title: A case study focusing on the physiotherapeutic treatement of a patient with comminuted fracture of the distal part of the femur. Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis was to find and elaborate theoretical information related to the above diagnosis including anatomy, fracture diagnosis, traumatology and treatment methods. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to elaborate a case report of a patient with the above diagnosis including the design of therapy and to put the design of therapy into practice and then to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy in this particular patient. Methods: This bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical, in which the theoretical knowledge related to the above diagnosis is included, concerning anatomy, traumatology and diagnostic and therapeutic options. The second part is the practical part, which was prepared on the basis of the professional practice in the Faculty Thomayer Hospital, in the period from 22.1. to 16.2.2024. It deals with a case report of physiotherapeutic care of a patient with a fracture of the distal part of the femur, including the initial kinesiological analysis, the therapeutic plan, the performed therapies, the output of kinesiological analysis and the evaluation of the effect of...
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Stress and strain analysis of femoral intramedullary nail fixation and tapes
Lamrich, Martin ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
The presented Master’s Thesis aims at determining stress and strain analysis of femur with fracture fixed by intramedullary nail and cerclage cable. The one of the goals of this work was create computational model which will be able simulate problem. Computational model consist of model of femur , it’s geometry was created on basis of CT data, than there was created model of intramedullary nail and cerclage cable on a basis of real objects. In this work was created simply model of femur with the same material features and characteristic proportions as analyzed model of femur. On this model was investigated direct impact of cerclage cables on deformation, respectively displacement in a surroundings of femoral fracture. On a final model were applied the real loads conditions. Preload in a cerclage cable was simulated by cooling down to a temperature from analytical calculation. Concluding analysis was powered by Finite Element Method (FEM) applied in system ANSYS Workbench 14.5 . Due to a results of analysis, we could say that using cerclage cables in combination with intramedullary nail is an effective way for healing femoral shaft fractures.
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Stress strain analysis of the femur based on the CT data collection
Nečas, David ; Marcián, Petr (referee) ; Vosynek, Petr (advisor)
The area of clinical biomechanics is a rapidly growing engineering discipline in the world of today. This master's thesis is concerned with the stress-strain analysis of human femoral neck. In the first place it emphasizes the creation of computational model, especially the model of bone material, because of its high level of inhomogeneity. The creation of the computational model has been tested using several software packages, which are often mentioned in connection with the biomechanical tasks. The latter part of the thesis contains finite element method analysis for several material models, which are based on extensive analysis of relations used to transfer the information from computed tomography data to material model properties. Subsequently, the realization of experimental measurement is described. The final part of the thesis contains evaluated results obtained from the FEM analysis, which are also compared with the experiment.
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Strain-Stress analysis of pig femur
Legerský, Radek ; Valášek, Jiří (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with the strain-stress analyses of the pig femoral bone in physiological and pathological condition. Pathological condition is determined by a significant defect in diaphysis of the bone fixed by using direct angular stable locking plate with screws. The thesis describes the creation of computational models with special focus on bone tissues models of material, which are based on analysis of digital images from computed tomography (CT). There are created and analyzed three types of computational models: the first one corresponds to physiological condition of femur, the second one to femur with significant defect and fixation plate and the third one to femur with significant defect, fixation plate and rod. Every model is loaded in three ways: the first of them simulating the experimental conditions of pressure testing of the femur, the second one bone stress in the sagittal plane and the third one stress by using load determined from probational release of the pig hind limb. Strain-stress states are determined by finite element method using Ansys computational system. Gained results of stress and strain are compared with experimental measurements. The thesis presents a basic idea of the mechanical behavior of porcine femur and porcine femur with significant bone defect.
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Reliefs
Horčicová, Monika ; Sedlák, Jan (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
This master´s thesis consists of three relief objects composed from femur bones. The first relief object is geodetic structure applied to the shape of a sphere. The following two are deformed by softening the material from which they are cast. The second relief object also works with geometry (a square at the base) and systematic folding bones according to a clear order. The third relief can directly interfere with the viewer - the individual femurs contain every two magnets and therefore can move freely with them after the metal plate.
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The beginnings of the application of finite element method in biomechanics
Hájek, Petr ; Řehák, Kamil (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis is aimed to beginnings of the application of finite element method in biome-chanics. We can define the period of beginnings by the ages 1972, when Brekelmans et al. introduces the method in biomechanics, and 1983, when the method was well established in this field. The main part of the thesis is research study describing this period, presents author (or author’s group), model used, a focus of their work. The works of some authors are discussed in detail; other works are mentioned more marginally. Beside the research study, there is a strain-stress analysis of femur in the thesis, which summarizes basic findings from research study. This is a practical application of the finite element method.
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Effect of 3D printing technology on the properties of model femur segment
Nečas, Aleš ; Svatík, Juraj (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of a biodegradable 3D anatomical model of the femur segment and the influence of 3D printing technology on tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity of 3D standardized tensile test bodies (ASTM_D_638_IV) made from PLA, nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and resin. For each material, bodies with body thickness of 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm were 3D printed. Next, a PLA simplified femur segment model was created to determine the most suitable layer thickness for body printing in terms of its compressive strength and compressive modulus of elasticity. The thickness of the printed layer of 0.1 mm was chosen as the mechanically most suitable and was subsequently used in the production of a PLA anatomical model of the femur segment which was 3D printed in 3 variants differing in the density of the filling of the internal structures in the area of compact and cancellous bone tissue of real bone. Then, the compressive strength of these models was determined and compared. The PLA anatomical model of the femur segment was developed according to CT images of real bone with the purpose of its potential use in medicine as a bone tissue replacement in large femoral defects. However, before it can be used in medicine, further research is needed.
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A Proposal for a Methodology of a Knee Joint Replacement Femoral Part 3D Model Creation
Kodys, Martin ; Sedlák, Josef (referee) ; Madaj, Martin (advisor)
The aim of the Diploma Thesis is to propose the methodology of a 3D model creation of a femoral part of a knee joint replacement. As the knee joint is the most loaded joint of the human body, the function, description and biomechanics relation is described in first part of the Thesis. The second part is focused on degenerative damage of knee joints that leads to the implantation of standard knee joint replacements. The third part deals with the construction of standard knee joint replacements and their surgery implantation. The last part of the Thesis describes the creation of an individual knee joint replacement, especially the femoral part.
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Creating geometrical models of selected implants of hip joint
Kohoutek, Jan ; Vosynek, Petr (referee) ; Návrat, Tomáš (advisor)
According to the specification, the concept of the thesis is a research study, which is supposed to present global overview of the hip joint arthroplasty. It involves a short summary of basic methods used in biomechanical measurements of bone tissue and provides a comparison among isotropic homogeneous, isotropic inhomogeneous and orthotropic inhomogeneous material models and their impact on the results of the stress-strain analyses. In the thesis, there is also a short list of popular implants used in present times as well as a few examples of creating geometrical models of some prosthesis.
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The influence of internal structure on mechanical properties of 3D printed femoral segment from novel optimized biocomposite
Nečas, Aleš ; Schmid, Pavel (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
This diploma thesis presents the development of a new anatomical model of the femur segment based on a biocomposite of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polylactic acid, tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (PHB/PLA/TCP/HA). The model was designed using computed tomography of the patient‘s femur in twelve variants (A1 to A4, B1 to B4, C1 to C4) with different percentages of gyroid filling at the site of the compaction and spongiosis of the real bone. The biocomposite was then 3D printed after the optimized mixture of the new biocomposite (OPT1) was prepared, the printing string‘s chemical and structural characteristics were determined, and the most suitable parameters for 3D printing of the body from this biocomposite were optimized and verified. Furthermore, the pressure load capacity of all twelve variants of 3D printed femur segment models with different percentage densities of their internal gyroid filling was determined. Subsequently, the possibility of predicting the pressure load capacity of the newly developed anatomical femur segment was studied by computer simulation using the numerical model in ANSYS, and the differences in the pressure load capacity values of the PHB/PLA/TCP/HA femur segment in its real mechanical testing were found, compared to the values of the virtual tests using ANSYS. In order to determine the possible tissue resorption rate of this 3D PHB/PLA/TCP/HA biocomposite, the long-term effect (for 4 months) of simulated body fluid on the biodegradation of 3D PHB/PLA/TCP/HA biocomposite bodies with different percentages of gyroid filling (variant I to V) was examined. Subsequently, the biocomposites were subjected to pressure tests while their surface was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The femur segments with 75% filling at the compaction site (variant A) showed the highest average load capacity of 22.20 ± 0.50 kN, while the real femur segment samples had approximately one-quarter lower pressure load capacity compared to the computer simulation. The PHB/PLA/TCP/HA biodegradable bodies with more porous filling (variants II to V) degraded more slowly than the body with 100% filling (variant I), which offers benefits for their clinical use. Their slow degradation also had a beneficial effect on their load-bearing capacity after 4 months.The PHB/PLA/TCP/HA anatomical model of the femoral segment was developed for possible medical use in bone replacement for extensive femoral defects. However, further research is needed before its potential use in medicine.
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