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Quality of life in dimension of health: Czechia in regional perspective
Smetanová, Marie ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
This thesis focuses on the quality of life in dimension of health at the regional level in the Czechia for the period 2010-2019. The main aim of this work is to describe and evaluate the spatial differentiation and spatio-temporal variability of the concept quality of life in dimension of health at the regional level of administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers. The assessment is based on objective indicators mapping the health status of the population, lifestyle, and the availability of primary health care. The theoretical part describes definitions quality of life, the characteristics of whole concept, health, its determinants, and inequalities that arise in health and can resonate at the regional level. This work also describes the types of prevention, as an effective tool in reducing health inequalities and the possible promotion of public health, in the form of improving health literacy. The analytical part is based on factor and cluster analysis and methods of spatial autocorrelation. In the Czech Republic, significant regional differentiation of quality of life in health dimension has been found. Furthermore, spatial patterns were discovered drawing attention to problematic and favourable areas within the observed concept. It turned out that the resulting quality of...
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Factors affecting mortality in countries with the highest life expectancy at birth with focus on the influence of tobacco smoking
Liška, Jiří ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Factors affecting mortality in countries with the highest life expectancy at birth with focus on the influence of tobacco smoking Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on the factors influencing mortality levels, specifically analysing the influence of tobacco smoking in countries with highest life expectancies - Japan and Switzerland. Trends in smoking prevalence rates from the mid-20th century to the present are analysed. In both countries, the prevalence of smoking is higher in men than in women, but the gap is narrowing over time. Then, author constructs life tables using data from WHO Mortality Database and analyses mortality in Japan and Switzerland between 1995 and 2017, focusing on life expectancy at birth and at ages of 35 and 65 years. The actual development of these indicators is compared with two hypothetical developments, assuming the elimination of smoking attributable mortality and a constant level of smoking attributable mortality. The results indicate that high life expectancies in Japan and Switzerland are not caused by low numbers of smokers in these countries. Keywords: mortality, life expectancy, determinants of health, smoking, Japan, Switzerland
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Obesity uncovered: the case of the Czech Republic
Veselá, Barbora ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
iv Abstract This thesis uncovers the long-term development of overweight and obesity prevalence in the Czech Republic and finds the associations with relevant lifestyle risk factors and determinants of health. Periodically collected interview and examination survey data from 1993 to 2019 are standardised and used to perform a pooled analysis to inspect trends within the cross-sectional units. The binomial logistic regression is used to estimate changes in the odds of being overweight given a set of socio-economic and lifestyle-related predictors, and to inspect time trends in their magnitude and significance. Adjustment to historical data is calculated to account for methodological changes in BMI classification scheme to ensure comparability of survey outcomes. In addition, the response bias in self-reported anthropometric measurements is confirmed and quantified. Finally, the most recent data (2019) for obesity rates are updated accordingly to reflect this finding. The true prevalence of overweight in the Czech adult population is calculated to 75.8% for men and 58.8% for women, which is higher than interview survey results by 7.7 and 9.6 percentage points respectively. These adjusted results may be utilised by users of survey outcomes to build their analyses on validated data, together with other...
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Health literacy in the Czech population - factors related to phases of health information processing
Polcrová, Anna ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Žejglicová, Kristýna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of health literacy level in the Czech population and its association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The aim was to describe this association in the stages of health information processing, which are the stages of finding, understanding, judging and application of health information. The data from the Czech modification of the HLS-EU survey from 2014 was used. Lower level of health literacy was associated with older age, lower level of education, as well as lower self-assessed social status at all stages of health information processing. Lower self- assessed health condition was also associated with lower level of health literacy, especially in the phases of understanding and application of health information. Regarding the lifestyle factors, the association was determined in case of physical activity, most notably in the phases of understanding and application of health information. The association was also determined in the case of body mass index, but only in phases understanding and judging. Differences in health literacy levels between smoking categories as well as between gender were not been determined. Regarding the difference between phases of health information processing, the judging of health information seems to be the most risk.
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Environmentální spravedlnost a zdraví obyvatel
Jačisko, Karel
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of environmental justice and population health. The thesis describes the topic of health and public health from general information to specific data. It summarizes strategic programs and documents exist at European and Czech level. There are careful described determinants and indicators of health from social, socio-economic and environmental point of view and what are their effects on the population's health. There are presented concrete examples of health indices that use different health indicators. The model of this work is the population health index created by the Euro – healthy project, which applies within the EU population health index to NUTS 2. The partial aim of this work was to verify the applicability of the population health index to lower territorial units of the Czech Republic. The population health index is countable for NUTS 3 regions. Indicators are available for NUTS 3, but some need to be modified or use a similar indicator available to the lower territorial unit.
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Self-perceived health with focus on determinants of depression in selected countries of Europe
Mlíčková, Klára ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (referee)
Self-perceived health with focus on determinants of depression in selected countries of Europe Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe and compare the proportions of people with depressive symptoms in 29 European countries based on the health survey EHIS 2014. The effect of age, sex and education determinants is examined while focusing on persons aged 65 years and over. Using the cluster analysis method, proportions of persons aged 15 years and over suffering from depressive symptoms with the proportion of persons aged 65 years and over with depressive symptoms are compared and so are the sex differences in depressive symptoms within the persons aged 65 years and over. The relationship between the determinant of education and the depressive symptoms of persons aged 65 years and over is shown by conditional formatting. Analyses indicate that there is an apparent increase in the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the elderly, and it is even more noticeable with women. The level of education is also reflected in the occurrence of depressive symptoms, nevertheless, this relationship is not as apparent in the selected countries as it is for the age and sex determinants. Keywords: self-perceived health, health determinants, depressive symptoms, EHIS
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Health determinants and self-perceived life expectancy
Dvořáková, Eliška ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Health determinants and self-perceived life expectancy Abstract The bachelor thesis addresses the relationship between selected determinants for people aged 65 and over, and the statements about their self-perceived health, in 2014. EHIS and EU-SILC surveys were used as source information. Selected health determinants belong to lifestyle factors and therefore can be influenced by one's behaviour. These determinants include body mass index, smoking habits and alcohol drinking. The thesis is based on an international comparison of selected health determinants and mortality indicators obtained from Eurostat data on the 28 member states of the European Union. Keywords: health determinants, self-perceived health, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol drinking, EU28
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Gender as a factor affecting health
Šenková, Eva ; Angelovská, Olga (advisor) ; Kotherová, Zuzana (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the relation of gender and health. Attitudes and behavioral manifestations associated with the male or female roles of individual personalities in society are one of the factors that affect human health and the length of life. The thesis maps the situation in the Czech Republic - whether there is a policy aimed at reducing gender inequalities in the use of health services, and whether differences between women and men in needs and in attitudes to their health are reflected. The thesis is based on the theory of implementation focusing on the identification of barriers to successful implementation, the concept of health determinants and gender mainstreaming. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were applied. The primary data was collected through both expert interviews and written comments of experts. Among the secondary data, strategic public policy documents and published statistics were key. It has been found that the Czech Republic adopted strategic goals in relation to gender inequalities, but there is no adequate action to achieve them. Several barriers have also been identified that can make it difficult or impossible to meet those strategic goals. These barriers were divided into two main groups: subjective and objective barriers.
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The level of movement activity of students of the teaching for the 1st st. Elementary School
ILLE, Kryštof
My bachelor thesis named The level of movement activity of students of the teaching for the 1st st. Elementary School is focused on the level of physical activity in female students of this field and the health benefits of sufficient exercise. The thesis consists of a theoretical explanation of the basic terminology of kinanthropology. It explains the importance of sufficient exercise in the daily routine of an adult. In the practical part I've explained and evaluated data collected from the students which I acquired by the use of the Yamax SV-700 step counter over the period of one week. The students also filled out a detailed questioner regarding their daily physical activities, hobbies and sports which involve physical movement including their height, weight which are crucial for the determination of BMI indexing.
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