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Empty Shells. Three Tales on the Relativization of the Axiological Core of Democracy
Horák, Filip ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
Empty Shells. Three Tales on the Relativization of the Axiological Core of Democracy - Abstract JUDr. Bc. Filip Horák The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the problem of gradual softening of the democratic political system's axiological core. Firstly, the thesis illustrates the problem via three tales narrated by Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Leo Strauss, who in a very similar manner critically analyzed the "axiological leap" leading to the disintegration of fundamental values and principles of democracy. Secondly, the thesis offers a new methodological approach combining empirical functional analysis of the individual values constituting democracy's axiological core (i.e. equality, liberty, justice and dignity) with a teleological approach focusing on the original purposes and functions of these values. Using functional analysis, the thesis examines possible interpretations and functions of the aforementioned values and shows that all of them evince a high degree of vagueness and ambiguity, which makes them so-called "empty shells" that can be filled with almost any content, meaning or function. This is also the main cause of the disintegration of the democracy's axiological core. Thirdly, the thesis theoretically reconstructs the original and stable axiological core using teleological approach....
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Comparison of Value Orientations in Pupils of the Primary and Lower Secondary School in Dobříš
Krejcárková, Jindřiška ; Mojžíšová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Nováková, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor paper focuses on value orientations in pupils of the fourth and the ninth grades at a primary and lower secondary school. The theoretical part covers the basic terms, their classifications and the influence of family and school on their formation. This part also includes the characteristics of both age groups - late childhood and early adoloscence. The practical part sums up the results of the survey which is aimed at value orientations of pupils in both age groups and comparing the attitudes of boys and girls towards some of the values. Key words value orientation, value, axiology, family, morality, motivation, research, survey
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Empty Shells. Three Tales on the Relativization of the Axiological Core of Democracy
Horák, Filip ; Franěk, Jakub (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
Empty Shells. Three Tales on the Relativization of the Axiological Core of Democracy - Abstract JUDr. Bc. Filip Horák The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the problem of gradual softening of the democratic political system's axiological core. Firstly, the thesis illustrates the problem via three tales narrated by Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Leo Strauss, who in a very similar manner critically analyzed the "axiological leap" leading to the disintegration of fundamental values and principles of democracy. Secondly, the thesis offers a new methodological approach combining empirical functional analysis of the individual values constituting democracy's axiological core (i.e. equality, liberty, justice and dignity) with a teleological approach focusing on the original purposes and functions of these values. Using functional analysis, the thesis examines possible interpretations and functions of the aforementioned values and shows that all of them evince a high degree of vagueness and ambiguity, which makes them so-called "empty shells" that can be filled with almost any content, meaning or function. This is also the main cause of the disintegration of the democracy's axiological core. Thirdly, the thesis theoretically reconstructs the original and stable axiological core using teleological approach....
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Christian Values in Virtue Ethics
MACHULOVÁ, Helena
This research strives to illuminate the concept of "Christian values" and it points out the possible connection between this term and the ethics of values. At the beginning is introduced a reflection on the "Christian values" from both philosophical and theological point of view, then we try to find a connection between the Christian values and the ethics of values. The paper is methodologically structured in several subsequent steps. The first one is the reflection on the concept of "value" in the philosophy of values (20th century). the emphasis is put on the connection between the term "value" and the term "good", because we work on the assumption that there is some non-specific relationship between the good and the values. The following step is a theological elaborate of the term "value" that proceeds from a biblical examination, during which we concentrate non only on the term itself but also on the question if the value-focused thinking in the Scripture has a specific implicit form. Thereafter we examine the term of "value" from the systematic-theology point of view. At first we try to look into the values as an expression of the Divine perfection, then we move on to the moral-theological view, where we present the Christian interpretation of values. With this theological examination we lay the foundations for the determination of "Christian values". In the final part of the paper we present the connection between values and the ethics of values. We examine in detail the definition of the ethics of values itself, consequently we talk about the role of values in the ethics of values as well as the theological development of this doctrine. We can conclude that a satisfactory and widely accepted definition of values does not exist, which is why we also examined the term of "good" in order to find the differences between the two terms. We came to the conclusion that the difference is not convincingly explained by the ethics of values. In the theological reflection of the term "value" we tried to find a biblical foundation for values. The language analysis of the biblical texts showed that the term of values is not very frequent in the Bible and less it is in the contemporary understanding of the texts. However, deeper examination of individual texts of the New Testament showed that value-oriented statements can be found relatively often in the Bible. These statements concern the highest value, as well as the hierarchy of natural and supernatural values, etc. The next step of the theological reflection showed, that in the christian understanding, God is the source of all good/values. He is the originator and the aim of all that is and al that comes from him is good. The ethics of virtues is interesting because it differs from another normative ethics by its theological thinking. It focuses on human action from the point of view of the ultimate goal of human life. It is also associated with natural law. Indeed, each of the cardinal virtues is based on some of the basic benefits of human nature. Cultivating the virtues in life leads one to the goal of life, whether it is a naturally successful life or, in the Christian concept, eternal life, that is, communion with God. In the final step, let's take a look at the very notion of "Christian values." First of all, an inclusive concept is possible, which is based on the fact that God is the originator of all that is good, and therefore all goodness can be understood as good Christian. But then there is no difference between good and Christian good. Perhaps only in the perspective of the person who evaluates this good. Secondly, the concept of exclusive is also possible, with Christian values being what is specifically Christian, that is, what has its foundation in Revelation. In other words, it is the good / value that we would not know if it were not for Christianity.
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Homeless Movement in Urban Area: Illustrated by the Example of Prague
Jakubec, Filip ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Dědovský, Daniel (referee)
The following text deals with homeless movement in an urban area and is based on a qualitative field research carried out in the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, from the early November 2014 until the beginning of May 2015. The research of such a sensitive topic as homelessness demands much higher attention, with regard to respecting the ethical rules of the field research and publication of materials gained. Therefore, my thesis deals with the motives of their movement usually based on meeting basic human needs, and with general characteristics of locations they stay in. This information clarify why homeless people move in the city without revelation of exact maps of their location, because this may endanger my informants.
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Typology of chosen women characters in the czech literature of 19th century - Marinka (Marinka), Křivoklad (Miláda), Svatba na Sióně (Ludmila), Kutnohorští havíři aneb Krvavý soud (Anežka), Babička (Viktorka), Vesnický román (Sylva)
Kubálková, Tereza ; Krejčová, Iva (advisor) ; Mocná, Dagmar (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with six chosen characters of 19th century Czech literature - Anežka from Kutnohorší havíři and Ludmila from Svatba na Siónu of J. K. Tyl, Mácha's Marinka and Miláda from Křivoklad, Němcová's Viktorka and Sylva from Vesnický roman of Karolína Světlá. The theoretic part tries to present and explain terminology connected with the concept of a literary character. It also briefly explains tension between Romanticism and Biedermeier style as the two main approaches significant for actions of the chosen characters. There is the most important part of the thesis - the interpretative one - which tries to give a comprehensive profile of the particular characters. To achieve the goal, the work contains internal and external characteristics of the protagonists, motivation of actions, presenting of their unhappy fate and subsequent characters' story conclusion. The whole thesis is based on the girls approaches confrontation and in the conclusion, there are the main common and opposite attributes pointed out.
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The Question of Origins of Value in Naturalistic Philosophy of Irving Singer
Hlávka, Jan ; Dadejík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (referee)
Irving Singer's theory of value declares itself a member of american naturalistic and pragmatic tradition. It refuses metaphysical speculation on behalf of empirism and stresses the processual character of every experience, focusing more on its imaginatively-affective rather than rational part. Singer distinguishes two basic types of valuation: appriciation of an object, seen as an instrument for a given function, and spontaneous bestowal of value, which values the object on the basis of its own qualities - generating an affective attachement in the process. In a healthy organism, both ought to cooperate to support the fullness of life-in-the-world. Their harmonization is a matter of aesthetics as recognized in the case of love or works of art. This thesis criticizes Singer's project from its own point of view - the american naturalism. In the first chapter, it describes closely Singer's point-of-departure and places it within historical tradition. The matter of the "intrinsic value controversy" is drawn here as well. Following two chapters probe into the pillars of Singer's systém - the conceptions of appriciation, bestowal, imagination and idealization. In comparison with the doctrines of John Dewey, George Santayana and christian situational ethics, fundamentally eclectical character of Singer's...
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Comparison of Value Orientations in Pupils of the Primary and Lower Secondary School in Dobříš
Krejcárková, Jindřiška ; Mojžíšová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Nováková, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor paper focuses on value orientations in pupils of the fourth and the ninth grades at a primary and lower secondary school. The theoretical part covers the basic terms, their classifications and the influence of family and school on their formation. This part also includes the characteristics of both age groups - late childhood and early adoloscence. The practical part sums up the results of the survey which is aimed at value orientations of pupils in both age groups and comparing the attitudes of boys and girls towards some of the values. Key words value orientation, value, axiology, family, morality, motivation, research, survey
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Value orientations and perceiving of meaning in life by Jehovah´s Witnesses
VÍT, Pavel
This thesis is concerned with the research of values, value orientations and perceiving meaning in life by members of the Jehovah´s Witnesses religious community. It´s goal is to identify, which values recognise Jehovah´s Witnesses and how do they perceive meaning in life. In theoretical part is characterized this religious community and described values, value orientations and meaning in life as a psychological and other social sciences phenomena. In empirical part are observed values and meaning in life of 4 research participants - Jehovah´s Witnesses. Research was realized in a qualitative design, using methods of Grounded Theory and using semi-structured interview as a technique of data collection. On the basis of data analysis are presented recognized values and perceiving meaning in life by Jehovah´s Witnesses.
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Reflection of Values in Social Work focused on Charity Work.
FICHTNEROVÁ, Eva
The diploma thesis deals with an analysis of a concept of a value on the basis of the selected literature. It tries to point out a connection of ethical theories with a practical human behaviour. It has been structured from an explanation of key concepts as ethics, morality, manners; it examines a word of the value and fundamental philosophical theories which are associated with values. In detail it analyses the values in terms of so called philosophy of the material and formal subjectivism. It focuses on representatives of the phenomenology - Max Scheler, Nikolai Hartmann and Dietrich von Hildebrand. It specifies approaches to the values as well as in terms of a human personality, especially from a perspective of the analytical psychology. The thesis shows an importance of the values in the practical application - in the professional ethics of social work, where ethical codes provide an orientation for employees. Caritas Czech Republic was chosen as a model organization. That is also why a theological perspective on the values has been mentioned and basic values and principles of the Code of Caritas Czech Republic as well. This study should be a stimulus for a further exploration of the concept of the value and its significance for human beings. It considers the values to be a fundamental motivation that will lead mankind to a good behaviour (virtues) in the future.
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