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Natural compounds and their biological activity I. Antioxidant activity of selected potentially toxic herbal drugs
Římanová, Elena ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Mgr. Elena Římanová Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Lubomír Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Natural compounds and their biological activity I. Antioxidative activity of selected potentially toxic herbal drugs. 14 dried samples of morphological parts of potentially toxic plants, or plants with other type of restriction for common use, eventually obsolete plants (comfrey root, calamus root black locust flower, peony flower, red weed poppy flower, leaf of hawthorn with flowers, coldsfood leaf, mistletoe herb, melilot herb, woodfuff herb, pulmonaria herb, motherwort herb, St. John's wort herb, hawthorn fruit), were chosen for the evaluation of their antioxidant activity. These samples were collected from 3 regions of medicinal herbs purchases (Nepomuk, Slatiňany, Strážnice). The standardised extracts from these morphological parts were tested for their antioxidant activity (DPPH assay, EC50 values), and total phenolics were measured (Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, GAE/mg of extract). Relatively significant correlation was determined between total phenolics content and antioxidant activity by regression analysis (R2 =0,7825). Most of the samples, used for analysis, and practically no matter...
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Biochemistry of polyphenols effects in the treatment of vascular disease
Kondrashov, Alexey ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pecháňová, Olga (referee) ; Matouš-Malbohan, Ivan (referee)
This Ph.D. thesis deals with the deep analysis of polyphenols effects toward vascular disorders. This work provides a number of experimental results of studying both the effects of natural bioactive compounds in red wines and potatoes, and their application to the experiments which includes experimental animal models with spontaneous hypertension. Methods and equipment used in experimental studies allowed us to make several new statements regarding the universal nature of the relationships between the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic content in examined foodstuffs. Besides this it is also recognized that food is a source of minerals which also contribute to the total antioxidant capacity and therefore may have influence the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system by providing the essential cofactors. Experimentally we have found that the concentrations of magnesium known for its therapeutic action in wine and red wine extract are comparable to the mineral waters recommended for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Moreover, synergistic interactions between selected minerals have been found. The key issue of bioavailability of polyphenols for supporting the idea of the beneficial effects of diet rich in fruits and vegetables toward vascular disease prevention...
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Complexes of iron(II) salts and flavonoids
Schröpferová, Tereza ; Volný, Michael (referee) ; Roithová, Jana (advisor)
This work is devoted to a study of the interaction between iron(II) ions and flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin, quercetin) by means of mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization. First, a measurement with model molecules (pyrocatechol, resorcinol, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4- pyrone) has been performed in order to find how iron(II) intereacts with the OH groups on the hydrocarbon rings. It has been found that Fe2+ coordinates to epicatechin and probably also catechin (the measurement with catechin was unsuccesfull because of contamination by sodium) between the OH groups at the ring B and the fragmentation of the complex can proceed via a retro-Diels-Alder's reaction and thus lead to cleavage of the pyrone ring. Quercetin has at the pyrone ring the keto function next to the OH group, therefore the iron ion binds to these functions rather than to the OH groups at the ring B. Accordingly, the retro- Diels-Alder's reaction is not possible and the complex loses only small molecules of water and carbon oxide from the side rings as it was found for the complexes of model molecules.
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Laboratory evaluation of activity of traditional Ecuadorian medicinal plants
Klepáčková, Kateřina ; Klouček, Pavel (advisor) ; Přemysl, Přemysl (referee)
Health care in Ecuador varies greatly depending on socioeconomic status, age, sex and place of residence. One third of the population has no regular access to health services and more than two-thirds of the population has no health insurance. Herbal medicine is
the synthesis of therapeutic experience of indigenous physicians which has been evolving
for hundreds of years and its resources are used to prevent and treat various types of diseases. Plants are popular natural remedy due to their efficacy, safety and minimal side effects. However, certain combinations of herbal medicine and drugs can be dangerous. Sciences, which help to examine the context of the traditional use of plants in the timeframe and also contribute to the discovery of their bioactive compounds, are called ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. This paper investigates ten plants imported from Ecuador, which are traditionally used for healing various types of diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, influenza, cold, urinary tract infection, skin diseases in the pelvic cavity etc. Efficiency research of herbal medicine has a great significance for future healthcare because
of the expansion of antimicrobial resistance, which is currently becoming a serious health risk for both humans and animals. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of plants, which are
in this thesis measured by the broth microdilution method and ORAC method, are important indicators for the analysis of medicinal plants. The only demonstrable positive result
of testing the antimicrobial activity was the discovery of minimum inhibitory concentration
of Espeletia schultzii against Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC=0.256 mg/mL). The highest antioxidant activity was discovered in the plant Croton elegans Kunth (743,64 +- 28,56 microgram of trolox equal to 1 miligram of the extract), for which no records associated to antioxidant activity were found.
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Antioxidant Activity of Wheat with Colored Grain
Míková, Marie ; Orsák, Matyáš (advisor) ; Varvažovská, Pavla (referee)
The Bachelor's Thesis covers the literary review about wheat in the context of antioxidation activity of its coloured varieties. The theoretical part deals with wheat and its properties, its origin, taxonomy, morphological structure and chemical composition.Furthermore, it studies the methods of getting antioxidation activity data - ABTS, DPPH and ORAC. The aim of the practical part is to compare the antioxidation activity of the chosen wheat samples either with the purple-coloured or blue-coloured grain, with the ordinary redcoloured wheat grain. The outcomes contributed to verification of the antioxidant-active substances in case of the wheat types with the typically red-coloured grain.
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Use of some exotic natural extracts in cosmetics
Phan, Huong Tra ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The objective of this bachelor thesis was a general characterization of the antioxidant effect of exotic plants and their extracts. The selected plants were Zingiber officinale, Turmeric longa and Momordica charantia. Theoretical part focuses on antioxidative properties, genereal characteristics of selected plants and description of the methods applied in the experimental part. In the experimental part, content of the antioxidant activity, polyphenols, flavonoids were characterized by spectrophotometry. Major active ingredient (curcumin, gingerol) and other substances like tocopherol were determined by HPLC/UV-VIS. Finally, potential practical use of these active substances in the field of cosmetics including skin hydration measurement was tested.
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Sledování antioxidační aktivity u brojlerových kuřat při zkrmování pšenice s netradičním zabarvením
Zindulková, Lenka
The aim of the diploma thesis is the influence of feeding purple wheat Konini with the higher contents of athocyanins on the antioxidant activity measured in hybrid male chickens. For experiment were the animals divided into two groups of 32 each. Feed mixtures were prepared for each group. For the experimental group the wheat Konini was used. For the control group the common wheat was used, in which the protein content was increased by the wheat gluten. The feed consumption was daily monitored. The male chickens were fed exclusively by mono diet during the experiment in order to clearly demonstrate the influence of the monitored feed on the antioxidant activity. After the experiment blood and liver samples were taken. The antioxidant activity was measured by the methods DPPH, FRAP, FR and ABTS. The liver enzyme activities were measured from blood (ALT, AST, ALP and GMT). Significantly different values for methods DPPH, and ABTS, FR were proved by male chickens that were fed by the wheat Konini. The male chickens fed by the wheat Konini generally had lower activity of liver enzymes, but significant difference was in GMT activity in the male chicken's blood. The results show that the feeding of the higher content of anthocyanins improves the antioxidant activity and the condition of the liver tissue.
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Sledování antioxidační aktivity u laboratorního potkana při zkrmování barevné pšenice Konini
Holeksová, Veronika
In the experiment, we observed how it affects feeding colored wheat grains with purple color on the antioxidant activity in the liver and in the blood of rats. For the experiment, we used 64 male rats Wistar albino four to six weeks. The experiment was performed four weeks. Experimental group (n=32) rats fed the only color wheat Konini. Purple wheat Konini (14.01 mg/g of anthocyanins). The control group (n=32) are fed conventional wheat Bohemia mixed with gluten to supplement the crude protein content as Konina (16%). During the experiment, we looked at three day intervals additions and weighed daily feed consumption. Antioxidant activity was measured by methods DPPH, FR, FRAP and ABTS. Results of measurement of antioxidant activity in the liver appeared inconclusive for all the methods. Only the results of the FR and FRAP with blood appeared conclusive. At control FR mg/l 297,35+-23,94 and Konini 215,57+-12.16 .FRAP mg/l control 28,78+-1,35 and 23.86 +-1.28 Konin. Other methods for blood came out inconclusive as well as in the liver. We found that liver weight in rats fed wheat Konin was 7% lower than in control rats. The results were processed using a statistical method ANOVA Scheffe test.
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Studie obsahu antioxidačních komponent u dealkoholizovaných vín
Hrnčirík, Miroslav
Our work was focused on the study of antioxidant ingredients contained in dealcoholised selected wines. For the experiment, three were selected samples of white, pink, three and three red wines, each of the values alcohol 0,1 %, 5 % and 12 % alcohol. Using a high-performance liquid chromatography were identified important antioxidants, specifically gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, fertaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, epicatechin, cis-resveratrol, rutin, quercitrin, tyrosol and quercetin. Spectrophotometry was also used for the determination of antioxidant activity, contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. The results of this study can be said that the content of antioxidant components in dealcoholised wines and a "normal" order of the wines was similar values.
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Inovované nápoje z hroznových moštů
Slaninová, Lucie
This thesis was created in years 2013/2015 at the Institute of Post-Harvest Technologies of Horticulture of the Mendel University in Brno. The thesis deals with the nutritional composition of grapevine juices with the emphasis on phenolic constituents, about the methods of determination of the antioxidant activity and the technology of production of fruit juices and the legislative requirements on their quality. In the practical part, the variety of grapevine juices with the addition of spruce chips or their extracts was suggested and sensorial parameters, all of the polyphenols and the antioxidant activity was determined.
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