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Socrates
MASOPUST, Matyáš
The thesis deals with the ancient philosopher Socrates. Mostly the one portrayed by Plato in his works. The work is divided into three disproportionately long parts. The first part deals with the place and time in which Socrates lived. It also mentions the politics and religion of the time. The second part examines the way in which Socrates conversed with the people there. It looks at his methodology and the influence he had on the other inhabitants of his home Athens. The third part focuses directly on his ideas concerning the virtues, their meaning, function and form.
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Socratic Question as a Basis of the Care for One's Soul According to Jan Patocka
Matuška, Štěpán ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Veselý, Jindřich (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of the Socratic question as a basis of the care for one's soul in Patocka's texts within the period from 30th to 50th years of the 20th century. This topic is here divided into three larger coherent units. The first part deals with the Patocka's understanding of Socratic care for one's soul as a historical moral self-creation of man having a character of negatively oriented transcension, which is not determined by ideas, but associated in its way of distance from objectivity with motive of knowing unknowing about the last good. The second part of this thesis deals with Patocka's comprehending of Plato as a creator of metaphysical thinking, in which core stands this negatively oriented experience of Socratic moral reversal. Plato, however, this experience of originally unobjectivated horizon according to Patocka's interpretation objectivates as the world of eternal ideas. Patocka as a central interpretative motive of this experience inserts in his own interpretation of Plato the term of Being inspired by Heidegger, which is very close to Plato's Idea of Good laying beyond all divides of essence (ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας). The last part of this thesis concerns with Patocka's own attempt to understand Plato's Idea by unobjective means. Although thus interpreted Idea is relieved of...
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Antique inspiration, Czech fine art and school education - Alone in Athens
Kulhánková, Vilma ; Špirk, Ivan (advisor) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis intends to assess various inspirations of Czech art of the nineteenth, mainly twentieth century by ancient Greek tradition. Special emphasis is given to following two viewpoints: travelling on the one side and body and physicallity on the other. The first part concerns itself with artists travelling south to discover new impulses for their work, the second one deals with various approaches to body and physicallity inspired by Greek art. The didactic section presents an application of these topics to the elementary school Art Education. The practical part consists of two series of photos describing the subjective view of the present Greek metropolis.
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Soul and Cosmos in Plato's Timaeus
Stránský, Jiří ; Hladký, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee) ; Krása, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to examine the problem of soul in Plato's Timaeus while paying due respect to its close connection with the topics of cosmology and cosmogony. The inquiry proceeds from the highest level of the cosmos itself to the lowest level of the souls of mortal beings. In the first chapter, an important question, whether the cosmos singularly came into being or not is being examined. In this context, two traditional approaches are distinguished and it is argued that a proper answer to this question has to contain some elements of them both. The second chapter examines the nature of Plato's maker of this world, the demiurge. It is argued that he is a primordial deity who should not be identified with any aspect of the created cosmos or the intelligible being and who not only creates the bodily world and its soul but serves as a sort of paradigm for the soul in respect to its capacities as well. The topics of soul and cosmos blend equally in the third chapter which is devoted to the world-soul. It concentrates on three main topics which are relevant also for the souls occupying a lower position in the hierarchy. These are the blending of the soul that explains its basic properties, the structuring of the soul and attributing it a particular motion and finally the problem of cognition...
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Socratic Question as a Basis of the Care for One's Soul According to Jan Patocka
Matuška, Štěpán ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Veselý, Jindřich (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of the Socratic question as a basis of the care for one's soul in Patocka's texts within the period from 30th to 50th years of the 20th century. This topic is here divided into three larger coherent units. The first part deals with the Patocka's understanding of Socratic care for one's soul as a historical moral self-creation of man having a character of negatively oriented transcension, which is not determined by ideas, but associated in its way of distance from objectivity with motive of knowing unknowing about the last good. The second part of this thesis deals with Patocka's comprehending of Plato as a creator of metaphysical thinking, in which core stands this negatively oriented experience of Socratic moral reversal. Plato, however, this experience of originally unobjectivated horizon according to Patocka's interpretation objectivates as the world of eternal ideas. Patocka as a central interpretative motive of this experience inserts in his own interpretation of Plato the term of Being inspired by Heidegger, which is very close to Plato's Idea of Good laying beyond all divides of essence (ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας). The last part of this thesis concerns with Patocka's own attempt to understand Plato's Idea by unobjective means. Although thus interpreted Idea is relieved of...
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Meaning of Numbers between Plato and Aristotle
Šíma, Antonín ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Karfík, Filip (referee) ; Hladký, Vojtěch (referee)
1 Abstract Meaning of numbers between Plato and Aristotle Antonín Šíma The dissertation titled "The Transformation of the Concept of Number between Plato and the Early Academy" deals with the problem of numbers in early Platonism between Aristotle and Plato. In Plato's dialogues, within professional mathematical disciplines of knowledge, numbers fulfil a function of propaedeutic procedure to the method of thinking − dialectic. Dialectic engages in the most general structures of thinking whose centre is the problem of being and good, which is only mentioned marginally in our thesis. The philosophy of dialogues is based on the ontological and epistemological dignity of unchanging and eternally existing ideas. In Metaphysics A Aristotle describes Plato's and the Platonic doctrines of the early Academy in whose centre there are principles expressed by numbers: one and indefinite two, which are assessed according to Aristotelian principles doctrine as form and matter. Aristotle mentions Platonic dialectical method which focuses on researching the general in speech. This method distinguishes Platonic thought from Pythagorean philosophy in Aristotle's precursors' philosophy overview. In the criticized doctrine, numbers have the same meaning as ideas or ideal numbers standing on the scale of ontological dignity...
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Antique inspiration, Czech fine art and school education - Alone in Athens
Kulhánková, Vilma ; Špirk, Ivan (advisor) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis intends to assess various inspirations of Czech art of the nineteenth, mainly twentieth century by ancient Greek tradition. Special emphasis is given to following two viewpoints: travelling on the one side and body and physicallity on the other. The first part concerns itself with artists travelling south to discover new impulses for their work, the second one deals with various approaches to body and physicallity inspired by Greek art. The didactic section presents an application of these topics to the elementary school Art Education. The practical part consists of two series of photos describing the subjective view of the present Greek metropolis.
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Education for virtues as a legacy of ancient philosophers
BUDÍNOVÁ, Soňa
This work deals with education for virtues in Ancient Greece and Rome and is looking for common elements that can be traced in current educational practice as a reference to this education. It focuses on several important philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Seneca and Quintilianus. It examines the virtues which were considered to be the most important, how one can reach them and if they can be learned. The final chapter describes how the antique education for virtue influenced the contemporary Czech education, particularly in the General educational programme for basic education and General educational programme for high schools.
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