|
|
Approaches to education of socially handicapped children in the Czech republic and in Slovakia
Pekárková, Hana ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Mlčková, Marie (referee)
This thesis deals with education of socially handicapped people in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. It presents approaches and supporting disposals in both countries. The attention is devoted to actual situation in education of socially handicapped children at various degrees of schools. It describes affirmative actions, such as preliminary classes, education assistants in the Czech Republic or zero grades, education assistants and daylong education system in Slovakia. The thesis also sums up several projects focused on socially handicapped, one project focused on Roma children support realized in the Czech republic, three projects focused on education of socially handicapped, their parents' and educators' support, realized in middle Slovakia in years 2011-2015. KEYWORDS education, social handicap, Roma people, affirmative action, preliminary class, education assistant, daylong education system
|
|
|
The History and Presence of the Affirmative Action in the USA, in The Czech Republic and other Countries
Štědroň, Jakub ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Brouček, Stanislav (referee) ; Sulitka, Andrej (referee)
The term affirmative action (U. S. English), or positive discrimination (British English) means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, politics and business from which they had been historically excluded. In search for the roots of affirmative action I start at the very beginning of the US history describing institutionalized forms of slavery and later move on to segregation to demonstrate how deep and strong this exclusion was. Since the late 1960s this expression has been used to refer to policies that go beyond the simple prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race, national origin and sex in employment practices and educational system. These policies require further actions, affirmative actions, to make jobs and promotions and admissions to educational programs available to individuals from groups that have historically suffered from discrimination in gaining these opportunities or are, whether discriminated against or not by formal policies and informal practices, infrequently found in certain occupations or educational institutions and programs. In an effort to create an unprejudiced picture of this phenomenon of American modern society, I try to open my work for arguments of both sides, the proponents and the...
|
|
|
Approaches to education of socially handicapped children in the Czech republic and in Slovakia
Pekárková, Hana ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Mlčková, Marie (referee)
This thesis deals with education of socially handicapped people in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia. It presents approaches and supporting disposals in both countries. The attention is devoted to actual situation in education of socially handicapped children at various degrees of schools. It describes affirmative actions, such as preliminary classes, education assistants in the Czech Republic or zero grades, education assistants and daylong education system in Slovakia. The thesis also sums up several projects focused on socially handicapped, one project focused on Roma children support realized in the Czech republic, three projects focused on education of socially handicapped, their parents' and educators' support, realized in middle Slovakia in years 2011-2015. KEYWORDS education, social handicap, Roma people, affirmative action, preliminary class, education assistant, daylong education system
|
|
|
The issue of race in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States : the evolving interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause
Martinec, Tomáš ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This thesis entitled The Issue of Race in the Jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States: The Evolving Interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause analyses the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, in particular the following decisions: Plessy v. Ferguson, Sweatt v. Painter, Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Grutter v. Bollinger, Gratz v. Bollinger, Fisher v. University of Texas and Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action. The analysis of the above- mentioned decisions illustrates the evolution of the philosophical background of the Supreme Court. After the Second World War, the natural-law legal philosophy began influencing the Justices and slightly overshadowed the positive-law current that was predominant in the pre- War era, in particular in the 19th century. This new philosophical background of the High Court help to constitutionally entrench the affirmative action policies by Justice Powell's opinion in Bakke and particularly by Grutter. However, the natural-law current has never become as dominant as the positive-law one in the 19th century, and as shown in Grutter's companion case of Gratz...
|
|
|
Political Parties in the Czech Republic and Quotas for Women in Politics
Pospíšek, Pavel ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kotábová, Věra (referee)
This thesis deals with political parties in the Czech republic which are currently in the parliament and their attitude towards implementing quotas. It's goal is to find out the importance of this topic for the parties in their election programmes and regulations and whether there is a clash between what parties declare and how they act in the real political life. There is about 20 percent of women in politics in the Czech republic at the present time and there has been no attempt to increase this number by implementing law quotas. Nevertheless we can come across some backup actions at an intraparty level. The author analyses attitudes of the current parliamentary parties with regards to the development of women's political representation in case of older political subjects. His focus is also to present the difference in understanding quotas as affirmative action or positive discrimination.
|
|
|
Multiculturalism in the USA
Smejkal, Tomáš ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Volenec, Otakar (referee)
The objective of this Bachelor thesis is to map out the historical development of multiculturalism in the USA and to deal with the current issues of this phenomenon. For instance, this thesis deals with the process of hispanization in the USA or with the so called affirmative action in the American society. The first part of this thesis explains the term multiculturalism in theory. The second part focuses on the history of the USA and their milestones connected with the development of multiculturalism. The third part is focused on the current issues of the multicultural society in the USA. The conclusion of this thesis summarizes the main points that are essential for the understanding of the studied matter and these findings are subsequently evaluated. The last part also offers a prognosis of the possible future development of the multicultural society in the USA.
|
|
|
Political correctness - prerequisits, forms, consequences
Rada, Tomáš ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Lisa, Aleš (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the phenomena of political correctness. The topic is studied at three levels which correspond to the three chapters. The first chapter analyses the development of the term political correctness and the discussion which took place in the USA. The second chapter presents the main philosophical and ethical basis of political correctness, the third chapter describes its particular diplays.
|
|
|
Ethical Aspects of the Antidiscrimination Law
TOMÁŠKOVÁ, Pavla
The thesis is focused on the anti-discrimination law and its social reason. It is itself divided into seven parts and devoted to definition of the essential political and philosophical terms as the equality, fairness, freedom, also human rights, the discrimination mechanism, the relation between the morality and the law. The chapters describe component terms which were evolving in a different historical context. The attention turns to the European and Czech anti-discrimination judicature and to the analysis of the discrimination as a term as well. The mechanism of discrimination comes after to more comprehensive view why people make differents and for lawmaker´s right attitude to discrimination. The final part of the thesis is a chapter about the fairness to answer questions about how much the law norm can interfere in individual freedom and about the relation between the law and the morality.
|
|
|
Affirmative action or positive discrimination?
Buldrová, Andrea ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Vymětal, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the idea of affirmative action and its importance in the development of American society. The main goal is to analyze the effects of affirmative action and to evaluate its positive and negative impacts. The thesis has following structure. At first the theory and basic defenitions of affirmative action and other connected terms are explained. The second part is oriented on historical development of the fight against discrimination and for equal rights of minorities and women. Since 60's it focuses directly on affirmative action programs. At the same time the public stance is examined as well as the main influeces that were and are able to change it. That is why this work deals with some concrete Supreme Court cases which played an essential role in changing the focus and popularity of affirmative action. Particular Supreme Court sentences acted in both directions - there are some cases which were judged in favor of institutions practising affirmative policy or of a member of a group which had to face past discrimination. On the other hand, some sentences led to the end of such programs, especially in 80's when many conservative justices were nominated by president Ronald Reagan. The present situation and the future of affirmative action depend fundamentally on the stance of U.S. administration. The new one around president Barack Obama gives hope to affirmative policy and its supporters.
|
|
| |
guest ::
