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Opioid dependence: mechanisms of development of withdrawal syndrome and its treatment
Hosenseidlová, Pavla ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Ujčíková, Hana (referee)
This work deals with opioids, opioid-induced withdrawal syndrome, and its treatment. Opioids are the most commonly used analgesics in medicine, and so far, there hasn't been a better alternative for them in most health cases. However, with long-term use, dependence can develop relatively quickly, and they have a high potential for abuse. When opioid use is discontinued, withdrawal syndrome occurs, and its symptoms resemble those of the flu, including muscle and joint pain, feeling cold and having a runny nose, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and tachycardia. These symptoms can be very intense and are often accompanied by psychological manifestations such as anxiety and depression. The treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome is based on alleviating both physical and psychological symptoms. Most commonly, treatment involves using opioid agonists or antagonists with accompanying therapy for psychological manifestations. It is also important to include psychotherapy in the treatment process because the addiction in many cases stems from unresolved psychological or socio-economic issues.
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Mapping nursing care issues from the perspective of nurses in patients with symptoms of aggression due to substance withdrawal in selected metabolic intensive care units
Kousalová, Hedvika ; Trnková, Ivana (advisor) ; Těšínský, Pavel (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of nursing care in patients with manifestations of aggression due to substance withdrawal syndrome in metabolic intensive care units. A questionnaire survey was carried out among general nurses, paramedics, and nurse practitioners. Three sub-objectives were established: to identify the most frequently utilized nursing interventions related to the studied issue, to assess the perceived psychological and physical burdens on healthcare staff, and to gauge their interest in further education on this matter. The theoretical background of the thesis deals with definitions of substance use, types of substance abuse, withdrawal syndrome and specifics of nursing care for patients with manifestations of aggression, including education and legal aspects of the use of restraints in health care settings. To collect data for the research part, anonymous non-standardized questionnaires (see appendix) were used for general nurses and nurse practitioners working in metabolic intensive care units in selected university hospitals in Prague. The thesis concludes with a summary of recommendations for nursing practice in the area of nursing care of patients with manifestations of aggression after withdrawal from addictive substances based on a comparison of the results of the research...
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Rehabilitation of family drug addicted parents
Dubová, Tereza ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Strouhal, Martin (referee)
DUBOVÁ, T. Rehabilitation of family drug addicted parents. Key words: Abstinence - oriented treatment, Dependance syndrome, Dysfunctional family, Rehabilitation of family, Resocialization, Withdrawal syndrome This thesis addresses the issue of drug addiction and parenting. It focuses on society's view on drug addicted parents and briefly defines the concept of addiction. The core work is the rehabilitation of these families and its various forms. It describes the role of professional institutions that deal with protecting the interests of the child and work with drug addicted parents and contributes to the rehabilitation of the family. The work also includes specific aspects of women's drug addiction and the consequences of substance use during pregnancy on the child. At the end of the theoretical chapter is devoted to professional institutions and their programs to work with the family. The practical part of this thesis includes three case studies that describe families of drug addicted parents and the way their efforts to restore or maintain the family.
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Social work with adolescents addicted to psychoactive substances
Malíková, Kristýna ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the serious problem of drug addiction among adolescents who are abusing addictive substances or marijuana. This increasingly important issue is discussed a lot, but very often neglected by the society. This thesis provides definitions and characteristics of individual drugs and their effects on adolescents. The need for prevention and treatment of adolescent clients is emphasized, alongside with the family support, which is often crucial. In the practical part, the author of the thesis focuses on organizations that are critically important in this field. These organizations focus on prevention, counseling services, social inclusion and treatment facilities (inpatient and outpatient services), etc. Their characteristics and methods of client treatment are described. Furthermore, in this work the author presents a survey that confirms the findings of some detailed quantitative research papers. The main findings are that drug abuse is a major problem of this century and also a burden on society, especially on the adolescents themselves. The solution is very complicated and time consuming, but everyone can contribute by not being indifferent to this problem.
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The effect of morphine withdrawal on the adenylyl cylclase signaling system in rat brain
Nováková, Daniela ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Rudajev, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to study the effect of morphine withdrawal on the adenylyl cyclase signal system in the rat brain. Theoretical part of this thesis summarizes basic information known about opioids and its leading representative morphine, molecular mechanisms of its effect on the organism and yet determined knowledge about effects of morphine addiction and subsequent withdrawal on the organism and above all on the central nervous system. There is still much unknown about exact mechanism of development of morphine addiction and withdrawal. This thesis also summarizes briefly the Western blot method used in analysing the effect of morphine withdrawal on selected proteins of the adenylyl cyclase signal system in the rat brain. Experimental part of this thesis is based on the detection of expression of key components of the adenylyl cyclase pathway in selected regions of the rat brain after long-term administration and subsequent withdrawal of increasing doses of morphine. Results of this study did not reveal statistically significant differences in the expression of adenylyl cyclase signaling system components between the withdrawal and the corresponding control groups of animals, confirming high ability of the organism to withstand morphine administration and to return to...
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Social work with adolescents addicted to psychoactive substances
Malíková, Kristýna ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the serious problem of drug addiction among adolescents who are abusing addictive substances or marijuana. This increasingly important issue is discussed a lot, but very often neglected by the society. This thesis provides definitions and characteristics of individual drugs and their effects on adolescents. The need for prevention and treatment of adolescent clients is emphasized, alongside with the family support, which is often crucial. In the practical part, the author of the thesis focuses on organizations that are critically important in this field. These organizations focus on prevention, counseling services, social inclusion and treatment facilities (inpatient and outpatient services), etc. Their characteristics and methods of client treatment are described. Furthermore, in this work the author presents a survey that confirms the findings of some detailed quantitative research papers. The main findings are that drug abuse is a major problem of this century and also a burden on society, especially on the adolescents themselves. The solution is very complicated and time consuming, but everyone can contribute by not being indifferent to this problem.
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PHARMACOTERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS IN ADDICTION TREATMENT
Kozinski, Jan ; Minařík, Jakub (advisor) ; Oktábec, Zbyněk (referee)
Drug dependence is one of the most common psychiatric diagnosis besides with affective disorders and anxiety disorders. Drug abuse may entail many somatic and psychiatric comorbidities which complicate treatment and substantially worsen its prognosis. Allthough the main reason of keeping dependence behaviour are maladaptive behavioural patterns, on the cell level there are mainly pathophysiological processes in the central nervous systém. Similarly, it can be supposed that centre of treatment lies in psychotherapy, nevertheless parallel medication may significantly reduce subjective difficulties connected with abstinence from drug, which are common reason from treatment terminating from the side of patient. In the urgent addictology, or acute psychiatry it is possible to meet with situations, when psychotherapeutic techniques have only limited effectiveness. It is possible to use for example de-escalate approach with anxious patient that is intoxicated by cannabinoids or halucinogens, but it has no efficacy in the case of life-threatening acute intoxication by anticholinergics, opioids or tranquillisers. Similarly, in the case of acute withdrawal syndrome after long abuse of drugs with strong physical dependence, such as alcohol or benzodiazepines may physician almost exclusively rely on...
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The phenomenon of alcoholism and opportunities for social work
Maternová, Marcela ; Žáčková, Hana (advisor) ; Krahulcová, Beáta (referee)
This diploma thesis explores the phenomenon of formation and development of alcohol dependence. In the first series focuses on the historical description, which demonstrates considerable anchored in the life of our ancestors already. It also defines the concept of addiction, its causes and consequences, whether psychological, medical or social. Its objective is to describe the possibilities of social work in this phenomenon. defines therefore primarily targets and understanding of social work and consequently specifics of client alcoholism. An important element is the role of the social worker in the client's motivation to change, which uses Nešpor's model of spontaneous changes in motivation. Then, on the basis of available social services selects several most suitable, which can help to improve the client's situation. Has an essential role in this issue also primary prevention, ie it discusses the methodology, target groups, focusing on adolescents and the focus is on the firm role of the family. Finally contains some official documents on primary prevention, which are discussed current issues of primary prevention practice and subsequent survey, mapping aspect of social workers on the incidence risk of alcohol dependence among adolescents attending social facilities.
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Rehabilitation of family drug addicted parents
Dubová, Tereza ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Strouhal, Martin (referee)
DUBOVÁ, T. Rehabilitation of family drug addicted parents. Key words: Abstinence - oriented treatment, Dependance syndrome, Dysfunctional family, Rehabilitation of family, Resocialization, Withdrawal syndrome This thesis addresses the issue of drug addiction and parenting. It focuses on society's view on drug addicted parents and briefly defines the concept of addiction. The core work is the rehabilitation of these families and its various forms. It describes the role of professional institutions that deal with protecting the interests of the child and work with drug addicted parents and contributes to the rehabilitation of the family. The work also includes specific aspects of women's drug addiction and the consequences of substance use during pregnancy on the child. At the end of the theoretical chapter is devoted to professional institutions and their programs to work with the family. The practical part of this thesis includes three case studies that describe families of drug addicted parents and the way their efforts to restore or maintain the family.
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