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History and Present Status of the Chemical Weapons
Virglerová, Kateřina ; Doležel, Ludvík (referee) ; Mika, Otakar Jiří (advisor)
In the first part, this bachelor thesis deals with the history of chemical weapons from the high antiquity to present. In the next part, the thesis concentrates on the international Convention on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1993) with a special focus on the current status of its implementation in the area of the destruction of chemical weapons and chemical warfare agents. The final part of the thesis is aimed at the current national regulations on the prohibition of chemical weapons and at the implementation of these measures in the conditions of the Czech Republic. The control activity of the State Office for Nuclear Safety is evaluated primarily and its possible improvement is suggested.
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The Status of Nuclear Weapons under International Law
Maier Tolic, Gabriela Maria ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
Bibliographic Note MAIER TOLIC, Gabriela Maria. The Status of Nuclear Weapons under International Law. Prague, 2023. 99 pages. Political Studies. Department of International Relations. Supervisor JUDr. Milan Lipovský, Ph.D. Abstract Both the complex system of international law and the disputed interpretation thereof in the realm of nuclear weapons create challenges when making a clear assessment of when and whether the possession, threat and use of nuclear weapons are legal. This research aims to provide clarity on these issues by completing an analysis on the current state of international law and by outlining which conditions need to be fulfilled by states for the legal possession, threat and use of nuclear weapons. The presented study finds that the system of international law is set out in such a manner which aims to eliminate nuclear weapons completely. The obligation for disarmament in the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons conditions the possession of nuclear weapons and places two requirements on nuclear weapon states: to pursue negotiations on disarmement in good faith and to bring them to a conclusion. This research finds that there is a strong argument that this twofold obligation is of customary nature and is therefore also binding upon states which are not party to the treaty....
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Chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction
MYSLÍK, Karel
The thesis focuses on weapons of mass destruction. The goal was to analyze knowledge about chemical and biological weapons among selected components of the integrated rescue system in the South Bohemian Region. The theoretical part is divided into several parts. First part deals with the characteristics of chemical weapons, their history, the use of chemical weapons during the First World War in the interwar period, but also modern history. The second part deals with the characteristics and distribution of biological weapons, their history, the main representatives of combat biological agents are described here, e.g. anthrax, smallpox, plague, cholera, tularemia and others. The next chapter describes the warfare use and testing of biological weapons and the definition of SARS and COVID-19. The last part deals with international regulations regarding weapons of mass destruction, such as the Geneva Protocol (1925), the Chemical Weapons Convention (1993), or the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (2017). The research part presents the results of a questionnaire survey among 470 respondents who were members of the Fire Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region, the Police of the Czech Republic, the Army of the Czech Republic and employees of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated using the methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. On the basis of the conducted questionnaire survey, it is possible to state that the respondents' knowledge exceeded the set 60 %. The level of knowledge of members of the Fire Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region is comparable to the level of knowledge of the respondents of other components of the integrated rescue system.
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Protection against weapons of mass destruction in the Army of the Czech Republic.
MYSLÍK, Karel
The bachelor thesis describes chemical warfare agents. The theoretical part contains general characteristics of weapons of mass destruction and combat, chemical, nuclear and biological weapons. Features classification, types, and effects of chemical warfare agents. This part is followed by a chapter that describes the history and development of chemical warfare agents before and after 1989. The following is the area of chemical warfare agents, which describes the means of protection of respiratory organs, body surface and means of detection of these substances, which are in currently used for all-army units of the Army of the Czech Republic. The next part of the work is devoted to the area of providing first aid in the event of being hit by a chemical warfare agent. Defines the history, means of antidotes and the decontamination process. The last chapter presents the legislation on weapons of mass destruction, which highlights some important documents concerning the ban on the use, possession, production, storage and proliferation of all types of weapons of mass destruction. These are the Geneva Protocol, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Biological and Chemical Weapons Conventions. The second part of the work contains analytical research, which dealt with the current readiness of professional soldiers in the units of the Army of the Czech Republic. A form of questionnaire survey was chosen to carry out the research, where several specific questions dealing with this issue were created for the area of protection against weapons of mass destruction. The aim of creating the questionnaire was to find out the current knowledge of the soldiers of the Army of the Czech Republic and to obtain an answer to the research question whether the Army of the Czech Republic is adequately prepared for the threat in the form of weapons of mass destruction. Two hundred and forty professional soldiers from four military units took part in the research survey. The results of the survey were processed into tables and then graphically represented. The conclusion summarizes the issues and knowledge in the field of weapons of mass destruction in the Army of the Czech Republic.
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Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in securitizing discourse of the USA and Russia : role in the process of security policy formation of nuclear-armed states
Klůz, Tomáš ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in securitizing discourse of the USA and Russia: Role in the process of security policy formation of nuclear-armed states Abstract This master thesis deals with a political usage of securitization of weapons of mass destruction by presidents of the two most important nuclear powers - USA and Russian Federation. For this purpose, discursive analysis of speeches of both presidents during their first terms is performed, with a goal to identify and interpret the securitizational discourse. Result is the analysis of most common type of usage of WMD securitization for legitimization of foreign-political steps and goals of these states, and their comparison. Results of the analysis shows that in the case of the US, WMD securitization was being used mainly for legitimization of politics of active formation of international situation so it would fit the US interests. In the case of Russia on the other hand, analysed discourse was being used mainly for preservation of international status quo in as stable form as possible, due to priority of domestic situation. In both cases however, predominantly economical motivations for the use of analysed discourse can be argued.
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Comparing the US and European Union Security Policies Related to the Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation
Kocková, Tereza ; Jireš, Jan (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The purpose of this assignment is to compare and contrast the non-proliferation policies of the European Union and the United States after 9/11, based on key documents. To begin the focus will be on weapons of mass destruction (WMD); definition, types, key agreements and the organisations fighting against the proliferation. The research will continue by addressing the non-proliferation policy of the EU and the USA on key documents and case studies and how their approach to the iranian nuclear programme has been affected by them. Finally to conclude there will be an analysis of the differences between the policies.
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Decision-Making Process according to Graham T. Allison: The U.S. Administration and the Invasion of Iraq (2003)
Zrůst, Tomáš ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
Thesis "Decision-making process according to Graham T. Allison: American government and Iraq invasion" focuses on application of Allison's three basic conceptual models, that were introduced and broadly defined in book Essence of decision: explaining the Cuban missile crisis in 1971, on decision-making process of American administration formed by George W. Bush, which led to invasion of Iraq in 2003. Models of the rational actor, organizational process and governmental politics represented huge breakthrough in Foreign Policy Analysis and studying of decision-making processes and even after many decades they remain highly valued. Main target of this study will be testing their empirical value by using edited interpretation and through different perspectives describe and outline nature of chosen decision-making process. Thesis emphasizes differences in perception of main actor and ways, how these views influence interpretation of character of picked case and final action. Consequently, analysis is offering clear summary of causes and procedures that led to realization of invasion, presenting reasons, why is this particular decision-making process considered as defect, and also offering closer view into functioning of the first government of President George W. Bush. Keywords Decision-making process,...
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Crisis of U.S. Intelligence? George W. Bush and the decision to invade Iraq
Ondrejka, Miroslav ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
The intelligence failure regarding the estimates of the Iraqi regime is often cited as the main reason for President George W. Bush to change the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein. Between 2002 and 2003, the highest figures o George W. Bush's administration often used arguments of the intelligence community to justify their decision to overthrow Saddam's regime by force. Their arguments were based primarily on the information on Hussein's contacts with al-Qaeda and his continuing ability to produce weapons of mass destruction. After the war, these estimates were proven wrong and the intelligence community was marked as the force that triggered the invasion. In my master's thesis called Crisis of U.S. Intelligence? George W. Bush and the decision to invade Iraq, I put forward arguments contradicting this widespread idea. The goal of the thesis is to cast light on the fundaments of the intelligence failure regarding Hussein's alleged contacts with al- Qaeda and his capability to stockpile and produce weapons of mass destruction. I reveal the ideological and strategic reasons behind the Bush's decision to invade Iraq and the fact that the intelligence findings played only secondary role. The true reason of the intelligence failure wasn't only flawed manipulation with human intelligence (HUMINT) and...
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Legal aspects of weapons of mass destruction
Stoklasová, Barbora ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
LEGAL ASPECTS OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION, ABSTRAKT V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE The aim of this rigorosum thesis is to create an overview of weapons of mass destruction (including their development and history, combat deployment and their subsequent effect on the international community), to evaluate their status and combat deployment on the basis of custom or international agreements and to further critically evaluate the newest regulation of weapons of mass destruction (i.e. development from the latter half of the 20thcentury), its effectiveness as well as possibilities of further development. In general terms, this thesis deals with international law, only briefly touching legislation on the national level. The first chapter consists of a brief introduction. The second chapter includes a list of basic terminology, e.g. definitions for weapons of mass destruction, biological, chemical and nuclear weapons, international law, law of war, law of customs, international agreements, forbidden means of combat and prohibited ways of conducting armed conflicts. The third chapter deals with the development of chemical weapons from their early history all the way to current regulation. The fourth chapter contains information on chemical weapons beginning with their first development and their original ("absent")...
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Awareness of population issues in the context of weapons of mass destruction
ŠTURMOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this diploma thesis was "To Analyse the awareness of the population in the area of South Bohemia region in context of emergencies in case of using weapons of mass destruction". In the theoretical part of the thesis the issue of the weapons of mass destruction is described from the description of particular groups to some historical consequences, to their arrangement or detailed description of the main types of weapons, and their harmful effects on a human body. As the issue is really wide, the main text is focused on the basic specification for easier understanding. Not many details are presented, but the most important information and some sidelights were given the priority. The target of the thesis was not to prepare a detailed and broad description, but on the other hand the comprehensive view of the studied issue, so a reader can obtain clear and brief analysis of the topic. For the practical part of the thesis the quantitative research and the method of a survey for obtaining data were chosen and done from January to March 2019. The questionnaire consists of four parts. Each part is specifically orientated. In the introductory part of the questionnaire there are three initial questions given to divide the responders according to their gender, age and education. After that there is the part A, which consists of ten questions, and it is aimed at the public awareness about the issue of public safety. The other parts B, C and D have five questions each, and they are aimed at the particular weapons of mass destruction - chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. The main goal of the survey was to find the level of the public awareness in South Bohemia region. The obtained data show that the correct answers reached approx. 55 %, but the range of all particular correct answers was from 30 % up to 83 %. These results show that there is potential room for improvement of the public awareness by simple and well-arranged brochures, by creating professional web-sides or groups for modern society that can use social network such as Facebook or Instagram. The diploma thesis can be also used as an educational material.
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