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Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus
Šrámek, Petr ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The objective of my master's thesis, "Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus" is to consider two models of economic development, the Washington Consensus and the Beijing consensus. In the first part, I analyze the discourse that evolves around these two concepts, and I also consolidate the definitions of these terms. Washington Consensus was a set of specific rules for macroeconomic policy of the state. As a result of the ending Cold War, the discrediting of alternative models of economic development and direct link of this model to the financial support from international financial institutions, the popularity of the Washington consensus in the 1990s soared. The democratization of the country was perceived as another unwritten rule. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as other crises in developing countries which actively engaged the World Bank and IMF, the term has been largely discredited. It was associated with concepts like 'shock therapy', 'neoliberalism' or 'market fundamentalism'. Meanwhile, the long-term economic growth of China drew the attention of developing countries. In connection with the declining popularity of the Washington Consensus and the global economic crisis, the demand for alternative development policies increased. The...
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Theoretical conceptions of Czechoslovak transformation: Factors that influenced the creation of transformation strategy
Krausová, Tereza ; Doležalová, Antonie (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis Theoretical conceptions of Czechoslovak transformation: Factors that influenced the creation of transformation strategy focuses on the Czechoslovak economic transformation in the early 1990s and describes the process of creating the Czechoslovak transformation strategy. The thesis answers the question of whether the selected topics and their discussions conducted on the pages of the scientific journal Politická ekonomie were reflected in the final transformation strategy and the implemented reform measures between the years 1991-93. The topics of labor productivity and economic growth, imbalance, price system and price liberalization were chosen for the analysis. First, the thesis focuses on the descriptive analysis of the journal's articles from 1989-93 that discuss selected topics, and maps in detail the development of their content and the opinions of their authors. In the following chapter, the thesis compares findings from the descriptive analysis with measures presented in the final Czechoslovak transformation scenario and with the practical policy in 1991-93. Based on the comparison, the thesis concludes that in the case of the topic of imbalance, the opinions of the authors coincided with the planned measures and there is, therefore, a possibility that a discussion of...
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Washington Consensus in Latin America
Volfová, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
In order to restart economic growth in Latin America after the so-called "lost decade," most countries in the late 1980s began implementing neoliberal reforms aimed at economic transformation. The most important economic rules, which were summarized by John Williamson and named Washington consensus, aimed at providing macroeconomic stability and much needed economic growth. At first, the transition to market economy seemed successful. After years of economic stagnation, the economy began to grow again, inflation was reduced, privatization provided much needed funds to the state treasuries and the attention of foreign investors turned towards the region. However, the initial success did not last long. Economic growth was far smaller, than what was originally expected, and many countries were failing in dealing with unemployment, poverty, and growing income inequality. Growing scepticism was then fuelled by a series of economic crises in the second half of the 1990s. Comparing the impact of neoliberal reforms on the economies of individual countries is problematic because the way in which they were carried out has differed in many countries. Countries have undergone reforms at different time, different speed and with different intensity. The scope of the implemented reforms also differed. In the...
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Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus
Šrámek, Petr ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The objective of my master's thesis, "Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus" is to consider two models of economic development, the Washington Consensus and the Beijing consensus. In the first part, I analyze the discourse that evolves around these two concepts, and I also consolidate the definitions of these terms. Washington Consensus was a set of specific rules for macroeconomic policy of the state. As a result of the ending Cold War, the discrediting of alternative models of economic development and direct link of this model to the financial support from international financial institutions, the popularity of the Washington consensus in the 1990s soared. The democratization of the country was perceived as another unwritten rule. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as other crises in developing countries which actively engaged the World Bank and IMF, the term has been largely discredited. It was associated with concepts like 'shock therapy', 'neoliberalism' or 'market fundamentalism'. Meanwhile, the long-term economic growth of China drew the attention of developing countries. In connection with the declining popularity of the Washington Consensus and the global economic crisis, the demand for alternative development policies increased. The...
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Trade Policy of PRC in Sub-Saharan Africa
Gažar, Marek ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (referee)
The main objective of this study is to analyse Trade Policy of PRC in Sub-Saharan Africa in a comparison with an approach of western countries. Moreover describe causes of dynamically developing Sino-African cooperation in last fifteen years, when China became a strategic business partner of many countries in the region at the expense of western countries which in the past represented traditional business partners of Sub-Saharan countries. First part describes period of economic reforms in China which started remarkable economic growth and helped the country to become one of the world trade superpowers. Then it defines characteristics of Sub-Saharan Africa which influence international trade relations of the region, both in a positive and negative way. Second part summarize trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and China describing history of trade relations and current territorial and commodity structure of the trade. Third part analyses PRC Trade Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa which is based on principles of Beijing Consensus. This part provides a comparison of different approach of China and western countries (their approach is based on Washington Consensus) towards their business partner in Sub-Saharan Africa. Afterwards, it summarizes different tools of China's trade policy in this region, which are then demonstrated on case studies of Angola and Nigeria.
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Economic Transition in Czechoslovakia and Poland
Burián, Jan ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
Work describes economic transition of two countries in Central Europe, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) and Poland after their communist governments were deposed in 1989 and states left centrally planned economy. Work analyses initial transition plans and execution of privatisations. Further it analyses and compares development of monetary policies, gross domestic product and unemployment in both countries. Based on information contained in this work it concludes that it is not possible to state that Poland have undertaken transition more succesfully than Czech Republic. Last part of work is dedicated to the processes of application to the European Union, that both countries have gone through between 1991 and 2004.
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Confessional political system and informal networks as the reasons of economic decline in Lebanon
Němeček, Stanislav ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jan (referee)
This thesis attends the problem of institutional and political structure in a post-war economy of Lebanon. Lebanon was one of the countries in the Near east, which tried to apply principles known as Washington consensus. On this case we try to demonstrate the problem which appeared also in other countries of the world, where the same set of principles was applied and it was the insufficient attention dedicated to the issue of informal networks. We pay special attention to a confessional system in Lebanon which is based on division of powers on the basis of religion. This type of political structure produces creation of informal networks which substitute state apparatus and instigate corruption. The thesis proposes a modification of Lebanese system which will treat the institutional background with greater attention.
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Czech economy during the transformation in comparison with Poland and Hungary
Špičková, Hana ; Breňová, Lubomíra (advisor) ; Nečadová, Marta (referee)
This thesis deals with the transition of centrally planned economic system to market system, namely in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary. In the theoretical part are approximated goals and phases ot transformation and transformation strategies. Furthermore, the Washington consensus, the circumstances of its origin, its content and what position occupied in transition economies. The practical part monitor the development of individual economies in the period from 1990 until 2004. Development is not captured only by macroeconomic indicators (GDP, inflation, unemployment), but also by events that these indicators have an impact. Conclusion is devoted to an overall summary and assessment of the transformation process in all three countries.
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Privatisation in Czech Republic and in Slovakia
Hrmo, Michal ; Nečadová, Marta (advisor) ; Breňová, Lubomíra (referee)
The main objective of this work is examination of the process of transformation in Czech republic and in Slovakia. I am analyzing initial situation of Czech republic and Slovakia from the beginning of the privatization and I am also describing avenues of approach which may have been used. I continue with describing the process of liberalization, stabilization and also preventives, following recession between years 1990 and 1993 and change of structure of national economy. I am writing about the process of voucher privatization including the voucher privatization provided in Slovakia. By the end of my work, I am adding some thoughts about the correctness of chosen way inclusive of description of alternative transformation strategy of Czech republic.
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