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Representation in International Organizations: Size and Composition of National Delegations
Vlček, Václav ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee) ; Sommerer, Thomas (referee)
In general, states and their governments make decisions in international politics and international organizations. However, the states are, in fact, represented by people. How many and who are they? This dissertation thesis deals with state representation in international organizations. In particular, it studies the size and composition of national delegations to plenary meetings of international organizations. From the theoretical perspective, the thesis builds on rationalist assumptions and tests established theories in the field. As for the causes of the various delegation sizes, the thesis hypothesizes 1) various institutional power, 2) different economic resources, 3) various intensity of national interests, 4) different levels of government effectiveness, and 5) different domestic political regimes. Next, the theoretical framework explains the various delegation composition by 1) different intensity of the national preferences, 2) different levels of government effectiveness, and 3) different domestic political regimes. From the methodological perspective, the thesis builds on an extensive statistical analysis using a unique quantitative dataset across seventeen international organizations and the UN General Assembly sessions from 1993 to 2016. The delegation composition is operationalized in...
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Trust in European and International Institutions – April/May 2023
Čadová, Naděžda
In April and May 2023 Public Opinion Research Centre included a block of questions connected to confidence in European Union and international institutions. Questions focused mainly on trust in European Union in general and its concrete authorities. In connection to international institutions respondents evaluated their trust in United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
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The Evolution of Civilian Protection in UN Peace Missions
Šillerová, Anna ; Pulgret, Miroslav (advisor) ; Makariusová, Radana (referee)
Diploma thesis examines the evolution of the protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping operations. To approach the topic comprehensively, the theoretical part covers the history of the protection of civilians and its normative framework, as well as the conceptualization of UN peacekeeping operations. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze the changes in the approach to the protection of civilians across three generations of UN peacekeeping operations and to identify the key moments of this evolution. It also traces the role of failures in UN peacekeeping operations, the reasons for these failures, and their impact on the mandates of subsequent missions. Mapping the evolution of the protection of civilians relies on the analysis of resolutions and other UN documents, as well as three case studies of key peacekeeping operations: ONUC in Congo, UPROFOR in Bosnia- Herzegovina, and UNAMID in Darfur, Sudan. Missions with a mandate to protect civilians, as a new phenomenon of third-generation peace operations, are also analyzed. Prevailing trends and possible limitations of these mandates are also discussed.
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Blockages to peace in Libya: The role of post-conflict Security Sector Reform
Magouri, Shahd Omar A ; Visoka, Gëzim (advisor) ; Anceschi, Luca (referee)
This thesis focuses on the evolution of the Libyan security sector after the 2011 uprising. Building on the theoretical frameworks of statebuilding and post-conflict peacebuilding, this research examines the structure of the Libyan security sector under the Gaddafi regime, to assist in contextualising the unique nature of the institutions, and to understand the changes that occurred after the 2011 uprising. This background context assists with evaluating to what extent did the security sector evolve, and how did the lack of successful reform hinder the UN-led peace process. This research places its focus on the timeframe between 2011 to 2019, using a qualitative method of research. It aims at understanding the impact of the security sector on the Libyan peace process in terms of its contribution to insecurity, and the significance and relevance of having a successful implementation of SSR and DDR, due to the ongoing security fragmentation and state failure. This research finds that the security sector reform initiatives committed by international actors were unsuccessful due to several factors, including the evacuation of personnel due to deteriorating security conditions, and the exclusion of key actors from negotiations. Furthermore, initiatives at security sector reform by Libyan actors were...
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Owning Sudan's disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process : between theory and practice
Mackuliaková, Kristína ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
In a broader sense, this thesis examines the extent to which the international community decides on the application and shape of standard security templates in post-conflict environments. These standard templates are increasingly criticized for their inflexibility and inability to adapt to the actual conditions and needs on ground. In order to alleviate this criticism, as well as improve the success of these programs, the international community recently embraced the concept of national ownership. Whether it is a rhetorical concept and political tool and how its understanding differs between theory and reality are the main topics of this thesis. Specifically, the paper analyzes the concept of national ownership in the process of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) of ex-combatants on the example of Sudan from 2003 until 2013. Sudanese DDR process has been defined as nationally owned, but nevertheless criticized for the blind following of international standards and overall inability to adapt to the context. The objective of the thesis was set out to establish what the interpretation of national ownership was in theory and compare it with the type of ownership that had taken place in practice. The main part of this study is the analysis of the control exercised by national and...
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Predicting Achievement of Selected Sustainable Development Goals
Kamenický, Léon ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Cazachevici, Alina (referee)
Bibliographic note KAMENICKÝ, Léon. Predicting Achievement of Selected Sustainable De- velopment Goals. Prague 2019. 66 pp. Bachelor thesis (Bc.) Charles Uni- versity, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies. Thesis supervisor doc. Ing. Tomáš Cahlík, CSc. Abstract The aim of this thesis is through using the appropriate tools of econometric analysis to identify some of the variables having impact on the development, whether positively or negatively, on selected Sustainable Development Goals. They became part of the agenda in United Nations back in 2015. As the sample used for the analysis contains observations on around 170 countries in a time period from 2000 till 2016, the panel data approach for economet- ric modeling is the most suitable to rely on. There are plenty econometric studies focused on analyzing the SGDs through cross-sectional examples, however only few of them are looking at them from a global perspective. The main findings of the analysis do not include only statistically significant explanatory variables identified. Supported by a concrete example, there is an evidence that some of the goals require more focus on proper data collect- ing on their corresponding indicator. This turns some of them to be hardly measurable and the simple tools of econometric analysis...
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Peace operations within the context of the collective security system
Antoň, Stanislav ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
1 Peacekeeping Operations within the System of Collective Security Summary The purpose of this thesis is to provide the reader not only with the basic overview of the formation of the peacekeeping missions and evolution of these missions to present form, but also to introduce him direction of present globalized (or globalizing) world in relation with the future development of international organizations and relations of its member states. The reason of my interest in this topic is my interest in history and what does existence of these organizations mean for our future. Are we stronger because of them or do they lead to more problems than they solve? This thesis is composed from chapters focused on history and organizational structure of international organizations, present state of peacekeeping operations, case studies of chosen peacekeeping operations, Czech Republic's involvement in the international structures and final chapter inspired by the Brahimi report which is focused on technological progress and its effect on present and future of peacekeeping operations and other conflicts. International organizations are global or regional, are distinguished by their focus and reason of their existence. Ideas, on which they are based, often have to give in to new realities of the world. It is not possible to...
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Aspects of registration of vessels in maritime law
Mládek, Matěj ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
Název diplomové práce: Aspekty registrace plavidel v mezinárodním právu (oblast mezinárodního práva mořského a registrace námořních plavidel) (Aspects of the registration of vessels in the International Law) Abstrakt: Along with fishing, navigation is the oldest use of the sea, and remains one of the most important. Ships are the most important means of transporting goods on such routes: ninety-five per cent, by weight, of all international trade is seaborne. On the military side is it same important battle field. While almost all costal States and some landlocked (right now without Czech Republic) ones have a merchant navy of some description, one of the remarkable features of the international shipping industry is the degree to which ships are concentrated under the flags of relatively few States. This does not necessarily indicate a similar distribution of ownership. We are talking about "flags of convenience" and it is one of the topics of this thesis. This thesis deals transformation from customary international law to current codified regulation of the registration of vessels. The ascription of nationality to ships is one of the most important means by which public order is maintained at sea. As well as indicating what rights a ship enjoys and to what obligations it is subjects, the nationality of a...
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Role of UN peace operations in keeping international peace
Ostrolucká, Zuzana ; Beránek, Milan (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
(anglický jazyk) The purpose of this thesis is to clarify the activities of United Nations' peacekeep-ing operations and thus provide an answer to the question of how and with what results they contribute to providing international peace and security. The work deals with peace-keeping operations appointed under UN Security Council resolutions. I chose this topic because of the great importance of peacekeeping operations status within UN activities and because of the interest in clarifying the role of their impact on world peace and security. This thesis is composed of five chapters. The first one deals with the role of the United Nations and its position within the international peace and security. The second chapter focuses on the definition of basic terminology that most often occurs in relation to the characteristics of UN peacekeeping operations and distinguishes them from each other. The third chapter defines their types and provides the role of peacekeeping operations by showing the essential characteristics of their development, mandate, and working princi-ples. The fourth chapter presents the issue of formation of the peacekeeping operation start-ing with the process of its establishment, continuing with the law applicable to the opera-tion, ending with its financing. The fifth chapter...
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