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History of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic
Hrabalová, Hana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Since the desire for altered consciousness is innate in humans, addictive substances have accompanied life of humans since time immemorial. The twentieth century was a century of many changes, whether with regard to the way of life, political events or the use of addictive substances. The thesis focuses on the inventory and mapping of the development of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century. It focuses on the historical context of the development of use as well as the gradual development of legislation, treatment and prevention. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to acquaint the reader with the complex history of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic and to map the development of the use of addictive substances. Methods: This thesis is theoretical, the data was obtained from historical and modern articles, periodicals, internet and book publications. Results: It was possible to create a partially comprehensive mapping of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century, focusing on what substances were used and what events accompanied their use and development. Conclusion: Understanding the historical events and contexts of substance use can...
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Chewing tobacco usage among high school students
Stehlíková, Kateřina ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
BACKGROUND: Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product that contains the substance nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance and is one of the most commonly used addictive substances in the general population. Secondary school students are a group of young people who may be affected by this tobacco product. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify and map patterns of chewing tobacco use among secondary school students, i.e. whether secondary school students have experience with chewing tobacco and, if so, to what extent they use it. METHODS: Data were collected using a quantitative questionnaire survey designed using the online survey tool Google forms. The questionnaire was featured on the social media platforms Instagram and Facebook. The data collected was further detailed in MS Excel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 304 respondents participated in the study, of which three respondents were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus, the total number of respondents included in the study was 301, of which 231 (77%) were female and 70 (23%) were male. Of the total, 128 (42.5%) respondents reported experience with chewing tobacco. The most common age of first experience was between 15 and 18 years, reported by 92 (71.9%) respondents. 96 (75%) of the 128...
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Prevalence of addictive substance use among persons diagnosed with ADHD
Svobodová, Tereza ; Šťastná, Lenka (advisor) ; Vacek, Jaroslav (referee)
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is becoming an increasingly important research topic among adult ADHD clients. It is likely to be one of the risk factors for developing addiction. Most of the available research examines ADHD in individuals who are already being addressed as part of treatment in an addiction treatment service. Yet, these researches show that hyperactivity disorder does occur in persons with addiction issues. At the same time, hyperactive disorder is likely to be behind many of the complications in the progression of addiction interventions, increases the risk of early treatment drop-out, and places a greater burden on both clients and staff. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of substance use among adults diagnosed with ADHD, i.e. whether this specific group uses substances and to what extent. A complementary aim was to provide insight into what effects substance users reflect and what may be motivating their continued substance use. Finally, the thesis aims to compare these results with the general population. Methods: An online questionnaire inspired by the European Model Questionnaire was used to collect data, which contains a set of questions measuring the prevalence of substance use at lifetime, 12-month and 30-day time...
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Characteristics of alcohol use among adolescents in secondary and higher vocational schools in Most Region
Pospíšilová, Kristýna ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mičíková, Lucia (referee)
Background: The use of alcohol beverages in adolescent group is a social problem. Teenagers are more likely to be exposed to alcohol as something worth experimenting on. They will neglect the side effects and warnings for alcohol in long term and that is potentially great issue. Also, in Czech society we mostly consider the not drinking of alcohol as antisocial behavior. The peer pressure of the teenager groups on not-drinking individuals to be not antisocial is even more urgent after use of alcohol with short-term effect as feeling fearless or boosted self-confidence. Aim: Describe and analyze the characteristics of alcohol use among adolescents at secondary and higher vocational schools in Most Region. Methods: Data were collected in the spring of 2022 by questionnaire inquiry. Population consisted of 697 students of secondary and higher vocational schools in Most Region. The sample was 680 respondents. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and the results displayed using tables and graphs. Results: 91.3 % of respondents tasted alcohol at some point in their lives. The average age of first experience with alcohol is 13.2 years. The most common alcohol among respondent sis hard liquor 36.2 %. It is mostly used in the club by 27.1 %. Consumption with friends was reported by 58.7 %....
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The Nurse Casuistry At a Drug Addicted Client
Zelená Chvojková, Hana ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Hellerová, Pavla (referee)
The bachelor work target entitled "The Nurse Casuistry At a Drug Addicted Client" is to introduce readers both the drug addiction problem and the difficulties which have to be battled in the addiction therapy as well as in their personal lives by the concerning people. The reason why the pursuit has been written in the casuistry form with the clinical introduction to the problem is a better description of all the complicated situation the addicted people inhere in. The clinical part in the first segment has been focused on addictive drugs in themselves. The second one describes the particular reliance as well as it outlines the possibilities of the therapy offered to such users afflicted in this way who have decided to change their present live styles. The last but not least, the prevention has been pursuited in the clinical part - the primary prevention all above because it involves the widest population spectrum and its purpose is the smallest number of addicted people, mainly children. The empirical part represents the nurse process at the concrete client curing his heroine addiction in an unnamed curative community. It includes both the medical and the nurse sections. The medical section has been focused on the diagnostics and the method of therapy. The nurse one deals with the client needs and their...
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Overuse of psychopharmaceuticals in seniors
Dobrovolná, Kristýna ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (advisor) ; Minařík, Jakub (referee)
Way-outs: The old age may be difficult for some seniors in terms of the biological, psychological and social changes. These changes may be hardly accepted by seniors. The unpleasant states conected with these ganges must be trated with psychopharmaceuticals. Some seniors underestimate correct dosing of psychopharmaceuticals and they adjust the dosage arbitrarily. Objectives: The aim of the research was to describe the patterns of the psychopharmaceuticals usage in the senior age. The intention was to find out which circumstances leaded the people who overuse the psychopharmaceuticals to the overuse of psychoactive drugs, how do they acquire the medication, whether they have been educated in the proper usage of the drugs in advance, whether they buy the non-prescription medications and if they try to stop the overuse or if they intend to stop in the future. The aim of the research was also to highlight this issue and to inform both - the public and the experts that the seniors are a specific group and it is necessery to develop the comprehensive care. Methods: Data collection was realized by using a qualitative method of deliberate selection, using the snowball sampling. The interviews were conducted with ten seniors, including eight women and two men. The interview was semi-structured, it was...
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USER HABITS METAMPHETAMINE USERS
Plaček, Jan ; Minařík, Jakub (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví Studijní obor: Adiktologie ID studijního oboru: B5345 Jan Plaček Uživatelské zvyklosti uživatele pervitinu User habits of methamphetamine addicts Bakalářská práce Vedoucí závěrečné práce: MUDr. Jakub Minařík Praha 2016 2 Summary The author sets "to map user's habits (frequency and dose) of methamphetamine users, including such addictive substances combined with the primary addictive substance" as aim of this work. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical (Chapter 1) and practical (Chapter 3 - 6). The theoretical part explores methamphetamine - what is it, history, effects, number of users. The second part consists of interviews with eight users of methamphetamine. The author demonstrates common habits of methamphetamine users. It is very difficult, because there are many factors affecting frequency and dose of users. Many of that factors are not entirely predictable. Keywords methamphetamine, drug, dose, frequency, combination
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Selected aspects and patterns of magic mushrooms and LSD use at patients at the psychiatric hospital in Dobřany
Strejčková, Vanda ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kmoch, Vladimír (referee)
Backrounds: Former Czechoslovakia was known for the studies of halucinogens and their use in cure in psychiatric care. In the last couple of years LSD and other halucinogens have been coming to renaissance again. Nowadays researchers are returning to these theories and they are trying to follow these studies. In the Czech Republic according to studies conducted in 2002, 2004 and 2008, there was an increase in the use of all drugs in general population. For example there was an increase of 2.5 times more of use between 2002 and 2008 (from 2.2% to 5.6%). The same increase showed the use of halucinogen mushrooms that were monitored only in 2004 and 2008. Objectives: The main point of the whole research was to map aspects and patterns of the use of magic mushrooms and LSD and monitor the outcome on these patients, also monitor their physical and psychiatric problems. The study monitors how each person deals with their use and solutions that can be used in prevention with patients especially among growing population are tried to be found. Methods and research group: The research was conducted in polystructured form of an interview with 34 patients in hospital in Dobrany (34 men and 3 women) who had had at least one piece of experience with the use of magic mushrooms or LSD and were willing for the...
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Public space use in a part of Vítězné náměstí in Prague
Kováříček, Jakub ; Peltan, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macoun, Milan (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on observation and evaluation of the using public space. Main part of the Vítězné náměstí infront of General building and also near of Dejvická street in Prague - specifically part of the Prague called Dejvice.
The thesis examines what activities are represented in part of Vítězné náměstí. In this thesis is description of the places, where are these activities done - around Vítězné náměstí and indicate where the most frequent movement of people in this area.
The thesis focused were for the influence of these factors, the possibielities of using these spaces. These data is collection with two metods. First method what was used was picking of time and the second one by drawing in a cartogram.
Data was processeded then created into the graph. From these charts was later made the conclusion determined factors of the impact use these public spaces.
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The Nurse Casuistry At a Drug Addicted Client
Zelená Chvojková, Hana ; Hellerová, Pavla (referee) ; Marková, Eva (advisor)
The bachelor work target entitled "The Nurse Casuistry At a Drug Addicted Client" is to introduce readers both the drug addiction problem and the difficulties which have to be battled in the addiction therapy as well as in their personal lives by the concerning people. The reason why the pursuit has been written in the casuistry form with the clinical introduction to the problem is a better description of all the complicated situation the addicted people inhere in. The clinical part in the first segment has been focused on addictive drugs in themselves. The second one describes the particular reliance as well as it outlines the possibilities of the therapy offered to such users afflicted in this way who have decided to change their present live styles. The last but not least, the prevention has been pursuited in the clinical part - the primary prevention all above because it involves the widest population spectrum and its purpose is the smallest number of addicted people, mainly children. The empirical part represents the nurse process at the concrete client curing his heroine addiction in an unnamed curative community. It includes both the medical and the nurse sections. The medical section has been focused on the diagnostics and the method of therapy. The nurse one deals with the client needs and their...
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