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Prediction of therapeutical response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Pazdírek, Filip ; Hoch, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Lubomír (referee) ; Šimša, Jaromír (referee)
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is multimodal. It includes neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NCHRT), which reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, this treatment is also accompanied by side effects. Accordingly, there is an unmet need to identify predictive markers allowing to identify non-responders to avoid its adverse effects. We monitored circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a potential liquid biopsy-based biomarker. We have investigated ctDNA changes plasma during the early days of NCHRT and its relationship to the immediate tumor response as well as overall patients survival. In all patients, ctDNA was strongly reduced or completely eliminated from plasma by the end of the first week of NCHRT, with no correlation to any of the parameters analyzed. As ctDNA was reduced indiscriminately from the circulation of all patients, therefore the dynamics during the first week of NCHRT is not suitable for predicting the immediate therapeutic response in rectal cancer. The baseline ctDNA presence represented a statistically significant negative prognostic biomarker for the overall patient survival. However, the general effect of rapid ctDNA disappearance apparently occurring during the initial days of NCHRT is noteworthy and should further be studied. Keywords: rectal cancer, neoadjuvant...
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Aggressive Behaviour in Families Focused on Work with Children Exposed to Domestic Violence
Jirásková, Veronika ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis introduces term "aggression", "aggressiveness" and their mutual relation. At the same time it mentions basic theories of development of aggression and describes connection of aggression with violence. Next it concentrates on aggressive behaviour in families, when it focuses on phenomena of domestic violence. The thesis further pursues children who have been exposed to that violence and concentrates on its impacts within particular fields of children's lives. It introduces as well possibilities of work with these children, when it mentions therapy methods, realized programmes and organizations, which are concerned with this issue. Research part is based on research project, whose aim is to examine work with a projective method sandtray at children exposed to domestic violence by making case studies of these children on basis of used method sandtray together with interviews with a mother and a teacher of the child. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Speech therapy in adults with acquired apraxia of speech
Částková, Martina ; Horynová, Jana (advisor) ; Klenková, Jiřina (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The diploma thesis deals with the issue of speech therapy intervention for adults with acquired verbal dyspraxia. The main goal of this special pedagogical research is to find out what procedures clinical speech therapists in the Czech Republic use as part of speech therapy intervention for patients with verbal dyspraxia. In accordance with the primary goal of the work, sub-goals are set, which determine what diagnostic materials clinical speech therapists use to diagnose acquired verbal dyspraxia in adult patients who have developed a neurogenic communication disorder due to a stroke, trauma or neurogenic disease and what therapeutic methods clinical speech therapists use in the therapy of persons with this diagnosis. Another sub-goal compares how clinical speech therapists are aware of the symptoms of verbal dyspraxia and whether they can easily recognise it based on this knowledge. The work presents data on neurogenic communication disorders, of which dysarthria, aphasia and oral apraxia were described in more detail. The next chapter deals with verbal dyspraxia separately, as it is the main topic of this thesis. The thesis ends with quantitative research, which was mediated by an electronic questionnaire survey, the respondents of which were clinical speech therapists and speech therapists in...
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History of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic
Hrabalová, Hana ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
Background: Since the desire for altered consciousness is innate in humans, addictive substances have accompanied life of humans since time immemorial. The twentieth century was a century of many changes, whether with regard to the way of life, political events or the use of addictive substances. The thesis focuses on the inventory and mapping of the development of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century. It focuses on the historical context of the development of use as well as the gradual development of legislation, treatment and prevention. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to acquaint the reader with the complex history of the use of addictive substances in the 20th century in the territory of the Czech Republic and to map the development of the use of addictive substances. Methods: This thesis is theoretical, the data was obtained from historical and modern articles, periodicals, internet and book publications. Results: It was possible to create a partially comprehensive mapping of the use of addictive substances in the territory of the Czech Republic in the 20th century, focusing on what substances were used and what events accompanied their use and development. Conclusion: Understanding the historical events and contexts of substance use can...
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Developmental coordination disorder and use of MABC-2 assessment for evaluation of children 3-10 years old with consideration of term of birth and birth weight.
Ducháčková, Iveta ; Kraus, Josef (advisor) ; Zounková, Irena (referee)
The bachelor thesis entitled "Developmental Coordination Disorder and Use of MABC-2 Assessment for Evaluation of Children 3-10 Years Old with Consideration of Term of Birth and Birth Weight" deals in its theoretical part with the latest knowledge on the prevalence of the condition, possible aetiologies, diagnostic aspects, clinical picture, comorbidities and therapeutic strategies. In the practical part, the motor skills of 52 typical children were assessed using the MABC-2 test. The children were categorized based on their birth term and birth weight, specifically into those born at full term and those born preterm, i.e. before the 37th week. The aim of the practical part was, firstly, to compare the results obtained and, secondly, to determine whether correlations exist between birth term, birth weight, and the MABC-2 test results. While statistically significant correlations were not demonstrated in the tested subjects, noticeable differences in mean values of all three MABC-2 components and the total MABC-2 test score were observed.
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Eating disorders of children as a social and societal matter
BLAHOUTOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis deals with eating disorders in children regarding their social and societal context. The theoretical part is focused on the general definition of eating disorders and its causes, symptoms and possible treatment procedures and methods. The theoretical part does not neglect the prevention of eating disorders in children. The first goal is to determine the level of self-evaluation of individuals who have experienced eating disorder between the age of 13 and 18. Another aim is to map the impact of eating disorders on the personal and social life of individuals. The practical part uses qualitative research method including research questions that lead to the goals of the bachelor's thesis. Data collection was based on interviews with individuals, observation, and audio recording.
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Immunomodulatory properties of helminth-produced molecules and their effect during autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases
Moravcová, Johana ; Šmídová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kolářová, Iva (referee)
Parasitic helminths produce excretion/secretion products (ESP) that affect the host's immune system to prevent damage or exclusion of the parasite. In recent decades, individual ESP molecules have been the focus of research for the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases due to their immunomodulatory potential. Diseases that have been investigated in this context include ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic asthma. Among the pleiad of helminths and their immunomodulatory molecules, it is worth mentioning Acanthocheilonema viteae (Av17), Ancylostoma caninum (NIF), Ascaris lumbricoides (Al-CPI), Brugia malayi (BMCys), Clonorchis sinensis (CsStefin-1), Fasciola hepatica (FhHDM-1), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (HpTGM), Schistosoma japonicum (SjCystatin) and Schistosoma mansoni (Omega-1). The main effects of these molecules on the host immune system include affecting the function of dendritic cells and macrophages, influencing cytokine production and reducing the Th1 immune response, which usually leads to alleviation of disease symptoms. Based on the current state of knowledge, it is not yet certain how the molecules will work in treating patients and whether they will have the same effect when administered in the long term. Despite...
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Developmental coordination disorder. Diagnosis and therapy from the physiotherapist's perspective
Tuháčková, Jana ; Šebek, Milan (advisor) ; Gerlichová, Markéta (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT First and last name: Jana Tuháčková Supervisor: Ing. Milan Šebek Title: Developmental coordination disorder Subtitle: Diagnosis and therapy from the physiotherapist's perspective Abstract: This theoretical bachelor thesis is devoted to the topic of developmental coordination disorder, its diagnosis and therapy from the perspective of a physiotherapist. In the theoretical part it summarizes the current level of knowledge about developmental coordination disorder, its etiology, risk factors, comorbidities, manifestation, diagnostic and therapeutic options. The aim of the second part of the thesis was to make a systematic review about the latest physiotherapy options for developmental coordination disorder and their effectiveness. The search included 16 randomised controlled trials from 2017-2023 investigating the impact of different therapeutic approaches on children with DCD aged up to 12 years, The results of the search summarise the current status and direction of research in the field of DCD therapy.The studies included in the search section looked at influencing a variety of manifestations of DCD, ranging from instability, motor learning problems and predictive motor control, imagery and movement planning, visual control, and others. Therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing...
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