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" I willl harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go" (Exo 4:21b)
Černá, Venuše ; Sláma, Petr (advisor) ; Prudký, Martin (referee)
This thesis "I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go" (Exod 4:21b) deals with the hardening of Pharaoh's heart in the first part of the book of Exodus (Exod 1-15). It seeks to answer the questions of what it means "harden heart", who, when, how and why hardened Pharaoh's heart, what are the implications for Pharaoh (especially whether the Pharaoh could freely change his decision and implement it) and what is God who hardens someone's heart (whether he is not only sovereign and powerful, but also a good, wise and righteous). This thesis includes my own translation, lexical, grammatical, diachronic and synchronic analysis, examination of the text in the context of the Old and New Testament and history of interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the most accurate translation (distinction of three different Hebrew verbs and their semantic nuances, distinction of different verb stems of stative verbs and distinction of description of the condition and change of the condition etc.). The main conclusion of this work is that God not limit Pharaoh's freedom to freely make decisions by "hardening" of his heart, but that he strengthened him that he would be able to freely decide whether to obey the Lord despite increasing pressure of "plagues", and in order to show whether his verbally...
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Thought intersections of philosophy and mathematics
Hlavešová, Ilona ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The submitted thesis addresses the ideas that are at the intersections of philosophy and mathematics. These intersections have been in the course of the history as follows: Numerical ratios, the concept of infinity, continuum partition, space specification, determinism versus randomness and exploring of the mathematics foundations with an overlap into philosophy. The results herewith presented have been achieved on the basis of the HTF lectures and seminars, available literature, my own knowledge and reasoning. The thesis documents processes of how mathematics stimulated certain philosophical principles and vice versa how mathematics was influenced by philosophical views. Last but not least, there are presented comparisons between philosophic propositions and the current mathematics and physics knowledge in the mentioned intersections.
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Legal and philosophical aspects of free will
Kutílek, Lukáš ; Maršálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
This thesis seeks an answer to a question of whether social normative systems, particularly law and morality, are consistent with the most recent scientific and philosophical findings. Those in fact often conclude that the human will is not free and that the human decision- making is only a physiological process governed by the laws of physics. Such findings thus, at a first glance, collide mainly with the concept of responsibility, through which law and morality are implemented. Therefore, the paper begins with a brief introduction of the current state of knowledge concerning free will and presents mainly determinism and indeterminism. The conclusion of the first part called Free Will and Determinism introduces a view of the world, which best suits the current state of knowledge and is further referred to as Physicalism. The second part called Law, Morality, Physicalism, briefly presents law and morality as regulators of human behavior, for which the concept of free will is fundamental. The focus of the thesis then shifts towards the institutions of criminal and civil law, that seem to be threatened by Physicalism the most. However, general consistency of Physicalism and the examined normative concepts is concluded, while it is argued that within the physicalistic view of the world, law and morality...
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Philosophical and Psychological Aspects of Free Will. The Free Will and Responsibility
Stanková, Eva ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
The question of free will, determinants of free action and responsibility is one of the most thrilling questions of the mankind. Moreover, the free will problem is closely connected to regulation and hindsight judgement of man behaviour so the law is concerned with the problem as well. However, a legal concept of free will is missing in the Czech law or legal theory. The author is therefore concerned with the fact that there is no satisfactory legal definition of free will even though legal responsibility is impliedly based on free action and free will. The Czech law defines just the freedom of action in negative terms, i.e. as an action of will free from circumstances limiting or precluding legal responsibility. The aim of the thesis is to summarize knowledge of social psychology regarding free will and assess whether the Czech law does impose the right standard of freedom of will in comparison to scientific experiments and findings. Furthermore, there are philosophical theories of free will introduced in the thesis and consequently these theories are questioned and examined for the purpose of defining legal concept of free will. At the end of the psychological part of the thesis one comes to the conclusion that the social determinants such as peer pressure, conformity and obedience to authority...
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The Stoic Theory of Synkatathesis
Drbohlav, Jakub ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis attempts to reconstruct the stoic notion of human autonomy - of "that, which depends on us" -, which enables stoics to hold the position of universal predetermination, and, simultaneously, to meaningfully develop ethical dimension of their doctrine. Beginning with the definition of the deterministic aspect of the system and its examination, it proceeds with a presentation of stoic theory of action and psychology to the solution of the problem itself as it is preserved in Cicero's De fato and in Noctes Atticae of Aulus Gellius. The thesis demonstrates that the stoic solution does not and even can not use any notion of a free will, and despite of that creates a foundation of an ethical theory which is fully consistent.
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Freedom of will and access to informations about one's own intentions
Havlíček, Ondřej ; Hvorecký, Juraj (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the problem of free will and the reliability of an introspective access to action intentions. The traditional questions of free will, responsibility and determinism are currently receiving a lot of attention due to the advances in cognitive sciences. Because of various scientific findings, many authors claim that free will is just an illusion. The purpose of this study is to discuss traditional conceptualization of this topic and point out its problems. As an alternative, I am trying to suggest a compatibilistic theory of freedom and responsibility, which is internally coherent and compatible with scientific evidence. The core of my thesis is a replication and modification of a recent experimental study, investigating voluntary decision-making and an introspective access to one's own intentions. The participants of the experiment performed reflexive actions which they misjudged as intentional. The goal of the theoretical part of my thesis has been accomplished on the basis of examining a voluminous foreign literature. The method involves a philosophical analysis of concepts with an emphasis on contemporary scientific findings. In the empirical part of my work, results were obtained in a cognitive-psychological experiment involving reaction time and evoked potential data acquisition and their analysis. First, a discussion of concepts relevant to the problem of free will is undertaken. An explication of the most significant experiments that question traditional intuitions about the human mind and free will is then given. A detailed description of my experiment follows, including its results and implications. Finally, conclusions about the nature of free will and responsibility are made together with certain suggestions for both the criminal justice system and everyday situations. Although I base the theoretical part of my thesis on the results of many authors, I contribute to it to a substantial degree with my own opinions and arguments. The empirical study is the most significant contribution of mine as its realization demanded i.a. a development of a stimulus presentation software, execution of the experimental tasks with a relatively large number of subjects and a mathematical and statistical evaluation of the acquired data.
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The Ressurection and free will from the gnostic view
KOZÁKOVÁ, Barbora
The thesis describes the relationship between the ancient Gnosticism as we know it from the Nag Hammadi library and as it is described in the works of early church fathers and New Testament. It outlines basic topics similar to all versions of a classical cosmogenic Gnostic myth. The subject of the faith in the resurrection of Jesus Christ and its relationship to the establishing a Church structure is discussed. Another topic is the problem of human free will and that of good and evil and its consequences for human morale. The ways of different understanding to it are presented, based on Old Testament story of Adam and Eve as reffered to in the book of Genesis.
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