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Development of Germany's approach to cybersecurity with the view of specific cyber attacks
Vysloužil, Jan ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kunštát, Miroslav (referee)
German cybersecurity has undergone a significant development over the past two decades. This thesis asks whether there have been qualitative changes in the cybersecurity framework during the period under study. Specific examples from the discipline of cybersecurity are used to answer this question. The attribution of cyber-attacks is given the most prominent consideration. It is first theoretically grounded and then examined through specific examples of significant cyber attacks. The thesis also introduces the concepts of civilian power and securitization, which are operationalized for cyberspace. Based on appropriate criteria and through the analysis of significant strategic documents related to cybersecurity, this thesis introduces the concept of civilian power in cyberspace. Based on the methodological framework, it is then determined whether and to what extent Germany fulfils the ideals of a civilian power in cyberspace. The thesis comes up with the finding that, especially due to the impact of the war in Ukraine, Germany has deviated from the concept of civilian power also in cyberspace. This concept is, therefore, currently not applicable to Germany. The period under study also saw the securitization of cybersecurity. German cybersecurity thus largely replicates the behaviour of German...
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Organized crime and security : drug cartels : the global capacity of a rising security threat
Ibáñez de Foerster, Marcela ; Balabán, Miloš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Over the last four decades organized crime groups, particularly, drug trafficking organizations or drug cartels, have managed to be under the spotlight of the security agendas of American countries such as Colombia and the United States. During the last two decades, however, the global securitization of the drug trafficking issue, has led them to become a major security threat not only for the Americas, but also for Europe and more recently for West African countries. These organizations pose a threat not only to the security of the state, but to the very essence of it, by corrupting and damaging everything they come in contact with at the political, social, economical and even cultural level. This graduate thesis presents an analysis on Latin American drug trafficking organizations or drugs cartels, as they are commonly known, focusing on the cases of Colombian and Mexican drug cartels. By comparing these two case studies, I suggest that today's Mexican drug trafficking organizations have gained their momentum and incommensurable strength by following the footsteps of the big three Colombian drug cartels that existed between the 1980s and 1990s. The first chapter will expose the definitions and concepts surrounding the research of organized crime. In the second and third chapters, both the...
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Green Nationalism in right wing political parties in the Baltics
Thota, Raghavendra Aditya Babu ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (referee)
This paper focuses on the securitization of the migration crisis from the perspective of Slovakian parliamentary elections of 2016 and the Czech parliamentary elections in 2017. The migration/refugee crisis that started in 2015 played a significant role during the pre-electoral discourse and political campaigns. This goal of this paper is to apply the theory of securitization Copenhagen Peace Research Institute in the context of securitization of refugees or migrants of the migration crisis of 2015. I analyze mainly the discourse rhetoric and speech act of numerous parties who played an active part in these elections along with any written communication from the parties such as official party manifestos. I try to evaluate the tone that the parties tried to present, their clever usage of words or manner of writing and speech along with the sentiments that they tried to invoke in order to further their case.
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Italian Foreign Policy towards Libya in the Context of Externalization of Migration Control
Přeček, Marek ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
Since approximately the 1990s, the countries of southern Europe have been developing a policy of so-called externalization or transferring responsibility for immigration and asylum procedures and obligations to other countries, in response to the growing waves of immigration. Since the beginning of the century, Italy and Libya have been developing various forms of this cooperation, with dynamic changes based on the internal political situation in both countries. This thesis examines the development of the given policy on the part of Italy after what is probably the biggest qualitative shift in mutual relations, i.e. after the events of the Arab Spring and the change of the Libyan regime. The aim is therefore to analyze the nature and development of the conception of Italian foreign policy towards Libya in the area of migration, from the position of the executive leaders of this policy, i.e. the prime ministers and the ministers of the interior and foreign affairs of the governments of Matteo Renzi, Paolo Gentiloni and Giuseppe Conte (2014-2019). The research question therefore deals with whether the selected Italian governments have continuity in their conception of migration policy with the previous cabinets in the line of securitization and externalization of migration, and we can therefore talk...
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Framing of the covid-19 pandemic in selected Czech media
Jiskrová, Alena ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Lütke Notarp, Ulrike (referee)
This diploma thesis provides an overview of how various Czech print and online media informed about the COVID-19 pandemic. The frames used by Czech media about the pandemic are identified by using a quantitative content analysis method. They are subsequently analyzed with regards to their use among various media and in different periods of time. Besides the generic and issue-specific frames, the research also concentrates on the frequence of use of securitization frame and war metaphors. The articles are also analysed from the perspective of their attributability. The findings are illustrated with concrete examples from the articles.
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Securitization and Stigmatizaton of Illicit Drugs in Slovakia and their Impact on Users
Pecuch, Valentín ; Vostal, Filip (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The thesis deals with the stigmatization and securitization of (illicit) drugs in Slovakia and its impact on drug users. Currently, drugs are seen as a threat to the security of society, and users are considered reprehensible non-members of society. The theory of securitization is expanded with a critical dimension that allows it not only to describe and evaluate the state of affairs, but possibly to contribute to the improvement of the situation through emancipation. Stigmatization helps to complement securitization, as it allows to show concrete effects on individuals. The thesis also elaborates on the evolution of attitudes towards drugs and drug users both in the international environment and Slovakia, as there have been major changes at the global level over the past century, often motivated by the interests of powerful states. In the Slovak environment, however, there was a sharp change of perspective only after 1989, and the thesis analyses this development in more detail up to the current day, in which stigmatization and securitization of drugs and users still persists. This perspective remains unchanged, despite statistics showing a decline in the number of illegal drug users. However, alcohol and cigarettes have seen an increase in users, also among young people. These findings are complemented by...
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The Role of the Media in Construction of Threats in Czech Coverage of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Matute, Kristýna ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
The thesis explores ways of constructing the security threat from the covid-19 epidemic in Czech print news. The analysis is based on social constructivism, according to which the media selectively selects topics, actors and certain aspects of events into the news. In theoretical terms, it further links the theory of securitization of security studies with the media concept of framing. The research aims to identify the manifestations of securitization in the Czech news coverage of covid-19 over a period of one year using quantitative content analysis. It concentrates on the presence of securitization frameworks, war metaphors, and alarming testimonies from the actors interviewed.
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Discourse analysis of the securitization of Covid-19 in Czech media
Kroupa, Jan ; Miessler, Jan (advisor) ; Podzimek, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to apply the securitization concept in the field of media studies, while also exploring the role of media as an autonomous actor in the (de)securitization process, being able to produce a unique type of discourse, independent from the discourse of political actors. The thesis seeks to confirm the disparities between the discourse of media and political elites on the plain of the (de)securitization theory. This is examined within the topic of the covid-19 epidemic, from 1st January until 12th March, when the state of emergency has been announced by the Czech government. The thesis is organized as a discourse analysis on the basis of the Foucauldian historical method. The theoretical chapter introduces the basic premises of the securitization theory, its evolution and contemporary discussion, including the dimension of media autonomy. The analytical chapter examines seven topical aspects representing the uniqueness of the coronavirus discourse during the examined time period. In addition, the thesis also analyzes the reproduction of the discourse of political elites in media. A total of 154 inputs is compiled in the analyzed corpus, consisting of the transcript of covid-themed press conferences, and articles from the online media portals of iDnes and Fórum 24 that have been...
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Evolution of information warfare expert environment in Czechia
Čičmanec, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
As the tensions between Russia and the West had grown, so had the intensity of hybrid warfare operations, such as Russian disinformation campaigns. These campaigns have contributed to the current polarization of societies not only in the USA, but also in many EU countries and have prompted Western societies to seek appropriate ways to defend themselves against information warfare. Over the last decade, a colourful community of experts developed, empowered to identify specific threats and propose solutions. This study explores how the growing securitization of disinformation affects the development of security expertise in Czechia. Sociological methods, social network analysis, and social capital were applied to uncover and analyze a network of security experts focused on information warfare. SNA allowed mapping both networks of crucial organizers and experts, their social relations, and professional backgrounds. The analyses showed ongoing dynamic development of the network characterized by growing complexity and fragmentation. However, the network is united in its stance on opposing pro-Russian influences. As the network developed, new topics and experts with professional backgrounds emerged. Nevertheless, think tanks remain recognized as both key experts and organizers, drawing their expertise...
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Securitisation of Development: USAID's Development Assemblage
Stimpson, Cassandra Rae ; Gallen, James (advisor) ; Prina, Federica (referee) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Securitisation of Development: USAID's development assemblage By: Cassandra Stimpson Abstract The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the premier U.S. foreign aid agency, is a significant development player, whose policies affect lives around the globe. USAID provides significant fund inflows for development entities, namely international non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and for-profit independent development contractors (IDCs). Yet, scholarly examinations of securitisation of development have largely focused singularly on NGOs or the State, leaving out important market actors that take up a major share of USAID funding - IDCs. Reconciling development actors with development objectives requires a fresh framework that brings together U.S. foreign policy goals with the NGO-sphere and the private market more comprehensively than simply securitisation of development, developmentalisation of military aid, or the technocratisation of both. This research adds to the conceptual framework of an evolving practical securitisation theory base that allows for context, motivations, and actors, using a sociological approach that relies on interpretivist accounts the USAID development market assemblage's political economy. The analysis examines three cases over different USAID and...
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