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Dual-task training in physiotherapy of people with multiple sclerosis
Kollmerová, Denisa ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Kulich, Václav (referee)
Title: Dual-task training in physiotherapy of people with multiple sclerosis Abstract: This bachelor's thesis focuses on the use of dual-task elements for patients with multiple sclerosis. The thesis is based on theoretical-practical approach. The main goal is to apply therapy involving dual-task for patients with various conditions of multiple sclerosis and to describe five selected dual-task exercices for each patient with photos attached. A secondary goal is to map out dual-task difficulties in a larger sample of patients. The theoretical part is focusing on multiple sclerosis and dual-tasking. The practical part describes the implementation of physiotherapeutic intervention with dual-task elements through case studies of 3 patients with varying degrees of neurological disability, targeted to improve the subjective perception of dual-task and reduce deficits detected within kinesiological analysis, selected functional tests and questionnaires. The outcome assessment predominantly demonstrated improvements in specific tests (some even clinically significant), although in some items, patient's performance or perception remained unchanged or deteriorated. In the feedback questionnaire, patients mostly evaluated this type of intervention positively. For each patient, five selected dual-task exercices were...
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Structural changes in the brain in people with multiple sclerosis and their association with clinical status
Veselá, Adéla ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Švojgrová, Andrea (referee)
Title: Structural Brain Changes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Their Clinical Implications The main objective: The aim of this thesis is to determine whether lesions of the corticospinal tract can affect motor skills such as balance and walking in people with MS, as measured by the clinical tests Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Another aim was to determine whether a two-month facilitationn therapy would influence balance and walking assessed by TUG, BBS, and MSWS when the corticospinal tract is affected by lesions in people with MS. And whether the effect of a two-month facilitation therapy varies depending on the involvement of CST. Methods: This work is part of the study "Neuroproprioceptive "Facilitation, Inhibition" and Brain Plasticity (NEFAI)", registered under the number NCT04355663, for which paraclinical (magnetic resonance (MR) images) and clinical data (Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS) questionnaire) were obtained from people with MS between 2015 and 2017. Lesions on MR images of people with MS were delineated in the 3D slicer program as part of my bachelors thesis in 2022. For the master's thesis, these images are aligned in the...
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Analysis of brain tracks using advanced diffusion methods
Daňková, Martina ; Gajdoš, Martin (referee) ; Vojtíšek, Lubomír (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to analyze brain pathways using advanced diffusion magnetic resonance methods. The literature review describes the principles of diffusion-weighted imaging, methods of data collection and processing, and available software for analyzing diffusion-weighted data. The practical part of the thesis focuses on designing a functional solution for the analysis of diffusion-weighted data, which is tested on a reduced dataset containing healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis. A complete preprocessing, tractographic analysis, and connectome construction are performed on a reduced sample of healthy and ill patients. Additionally, an analysis of the differences between the connectomes of the healthy and the ill is conducted.
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Novotný, Ondřej ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of patient with diagnosis of multiple sclerosis Author: Ondřej Novotný Head of the thesis: Mgr. Ilona Kučerová Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaboratethe theoretical part of the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Follow-up practical processing of the case study of patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis Methods: This work was processed based on bachelor's and specialized internships. The case study was conducted on a patient diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at Agel Říčany a. s., with these internships taking place from January 8, 2024, to February 2, 2024. Specialized methods taught at the UK FTVS were used in the bachelor's degree program scope. Initialy, the patient's medical history was taken, followed by an initial kinesiological analysis. Based on the results of the initial kinesiological analysis, a shortterm and long-term therapeutic plan were established. A total of 17 therapeutic sessions were conducted. During the final session, an exit kinesiological analysis was performed, upon which the therapy's effectiveness was evaluated. The general section involved processing theoretical information related to multiple sclerosis. Results: As a result of the therapy, the patient experienced improvement, and most of the set goals were...
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Work integration options in people with multiple sclerosis: influence of symptoms and other comorbidities
Ulmanová, Alena ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Rodová, Zuzana (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Alena Ulmanová Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Novotná Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Eliška Rotbartová Title: Work integration options in people with multiple sclerosis: influence of symptoms and other comorbidities Abstract: This theoretical-practical bachelor thesis focuses on the impact of multiple sclerosis symptoms and other comorbidities on the employment of people who are dealing with this diagnosis. The thesis aims to find out what are the main difficulties that limit the ability to work of people with multiple sclerosis, using a questionnaire of work difficulties called Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ-23). The importance of this aim is based primarily on the fact that the disease mainly affects young adults in productive age, for whom employment tends to be an essential part of life and the difficulties associated with reduced work capacity can negatively affect their financial and social situation, but also their general physical condition. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the knowledge on the given issue using the current foreign and Czech literature. In the practical part, quantitative research based on a questionnaire survey is used. A standardize questionnaire called MSWDQ- 23 is used, which comprehensively assesses the work difficulties...
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Interdisciplinary cooperation in planning care for clients with multiple sclerosis in residential respite service
Linhartová, Petra ; Vrzáček, Petr (advisor) ; Mertl, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the effectiveness of interdisciplinary cooperation by setting up processes focused on communication and information sharing in a multidisciplinary team. It is based on theoretical starting points mainly in connection with a systemic approach to the client. The principle of case management, individual cooperation with the client and the consulting paradigm of social work were applied here. The aim of the work is to identify possible forms of effective interdisciplinary cooperation in the selected facility, using the example of which it presents the elements affecting the quality of outputs of care planning for clients with multiple sclerosis in the conditions of a specific residential respite service. In the theoretical part of the thesis, a unique organization in the Czech Republic, which has been involved in the care of people in a long term, especially in the advanced stage of the disease and which includes a residential respite service, is presented. The mentioned respite service strives to improve the quality of care for clients by setting up effective interdisciplinary cooperation using the Human Centered Design (HCD) method. Through a case study describes the process of introducing change and setting up cooperation processes in a specific multidisciplinary team...
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Cognitive rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis
Bílková, Tereza ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Krivošíková, Mária (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Tereza Bílková Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Novotná, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Eliška Rotbartová Title: Cognitive rehabilitation of people with multiple sclerosis Abstract: This bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis, which takes place in a home environment using the computer program HAPPYneuron. Multiple sclerosis is classified as an autoimmune disease, during which the cells of our central nervous system are damaged. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to test whether cognitive rehabilitation of 16 weeks, conducted through the computer program HAPPYneuron, has a positive impact on spatial orientation, short-term memory, attention and speech in MS patients. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis I describe the actual issue of multiple sclerosis, including the clinical picture and types of multiple sclerosis. I then go on to describe in more detail the most affected domains of cognitive function, their examination and the possibilities of cognitive rehabilitation. Last but not least, I describe cognitive rehabilitation using computer programs, with a more detailed description of the HAPPYneuron program. In the practical part, three patients were first examined by a clinical neuropsychologist. Based on this,...
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Multiple sclerosis - clinical and paraclinical markers for monitoring disease activity and factors influencing its course
Šťastná, Dominika ; Horáková, Dana (advisor) ; Libertínová, Jana (referee) ; Taláb, Radomír (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that, without treatment, leads over years to decades to severe disability in most patients. We cannot cure the disease, but there is growing evidence that early initiation of anti-inflammatory therapy and management of associated comorbidities has a major impact on its course. Patient registries have an irreplaceable contribution to evaluating factors influencing the MS course and the monitoring of therapeutic agents in real clinical practice. First, this thesis evaluated therapy management trends between 2013 and 2021 based on data from the Czech National MS Registry (ReMuS). Subsequently, the paper responds to the onset of the covid-19 pandemic through registry data and addresses this issue in the context of MS. The proportion of patients in ReMuS treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (HE-DMT) increased from 16.2% to 37.1% between 2013 and 2021, and the proportion of treatment-naive patients initiating HE-DMT increased from 2.1% to 18.5%. Regarding covid-19 infection, we determined that higher body mass index, older age, recent high-dose glucocorticoid treatment, and anti-CD20 therapy were independent variables associated with pneumonia based on data from 958 MS patients with a history of covid-19. Further, we analyzed...
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Eye-Tracking Control of an Adjustable Bed
Kopeček, Martin ; Kremláček, Jan (advisor) ; Čapek, Lukáš (referee) ; Komzák, Martin (referee)
The origin of this work was based on the need to control an electric positioning bed by patients with no or significantly reduced upper limb motor skills. The key point and objective of the dissertation study was to develop non-contact alternatives to manual controls and to verify that the eye-tracking technique is usable and offers patients a new level of increased self-sufficiency. The thesis is organized into three related parts with experiments conducted at the detached departments and in the laboratory. After an introductory section covering the stages of development and current progressive trends in eye movement tracking, an experimental study of the applicability of bed control with the role of alternating head and leg position changes using on-screen graphical controls is described. This stage was conducted using a virtual bed. In a group of 17 patients with diagnoses of a pentaplegia, tetraplegia, high paraplegia, myopathy, and spinal muscular atrophy, the overall time to solve the task was 67.1 s (median) with a large interindividual variability with interquartile range from 56.7 s to 92.9 s. The solution efficiency (100 % matched to optimal performance) was 45.5 (34.9; 62.0) %. Within each group patients achieved different results for both studied parameters. When evaluating the features of the...
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