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Approach to the nuclaer safety of the 3rd generation nuclear reactors
Pavlíček, Michal ; Kolář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kolář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Matal, Oldřich (advisor)
The main target of the master´s thesis is reviewing the generation III nuclear reactors in term of the nuclear safety. At first we have to learn some theory of the nuclear safety in order to understand safety systems of the generation III nuclear reactors. Therefore the thesis is divided into two parts. Legislative and technical approaches to nuclear safety are mentioned in the first part. Regulatory bodies, whose task is to supervise nuclear safety in the nuclear power plants, belongs to the legislative approaches. There are defined terms such as defence in depth, redundancy, diversity, etc. There are mentioned methods to assessing nuclear safety – deterministic and probabilistic methods, especially probabilistic methods, for which a simple example is provided. There are also mentioned active and passive safety systems and their significance for nuclear safety and inherent safety too. There is an example of the function of the active and passive safety systems of the EDU nuclear power plant in conclusion of this issue. The second part deals with description of the selected nuclear reactors in context of the construction of the new units of nuclear power plant in Temelín. The nuclear reactors from companies, which applied for the public tender opened by ČEZ, a. s., for the construction of the ETE 3+4. Thus, the nuclear reactor MIR-1200 by ATOMSTROYEXPORT (Russian Federation), the nuclear reactor AP1000 by WESTINGHOUSE (USA) and the nuclear reactor EPR by AREVA (France) are taken into account . Comparison of the generation II and these generation III+ nuclear reactors necessarily belongs to this master´s thesis. These the generation III+ nuclear reactors are compared with the nuclear reactor VVER 440 (EDU) and in particular with the nuclear reactor VVER 1000, which is operated in the nuclear power plant Temelín. The final chapter contains generally appraisal of the whole problem.
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Increasing Reliability of Communication Networks
Hausner, Richard ; Komosný, Dan (referee) ; Koton, Jaroslav (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with selected options for increasing reliability of communication networks. The basic protocols and network topologies are described in the thesis. In the second section the technologies of cascading, clustering and stacking network switches are discussed. The practical experiments and scenerios of connections, which are described in the aforementioned section, form a basis of their practical use proposal.
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Design of a fault-tolerant control system for a self-balancing two-wheel vehicle
Matějásko, Michal ; Zouhar, František (referee) ; Grepl, Robert (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá návrhem nového řídícího systému, odolného proti chybám, pro nestabilní samo-balancující dvoukolové vozidlo typu Segway. Původní systém vozidla je podroben analýze rizikovosti jeho součástí a na základě výsledků jsou navržena opatření pro zvýšení jeho bezpečnosti. Je navržena nová topologie řídícího systému obsahující dvě samostatné řídící jednotky, redundantní senzoriku a voter. Pro řídící jednotky byl vyvinut software obsahující bezpečnostní algoritmy a mechanismy přepínání kontrolních výstupů. V práci jsou také představeny dva matematické modely vozidla různé složitosti, které jsou následně využity při HIL testování nově navrženého systému. Celý návrh byl proveden s využitím nástrojů pro Rapid Control Prototyping.
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Field Programmable Gate Arrays Usage in Industrial Automation Systems
Nouman, Ziad ; Kadaník,, Petr (referee) ; Kobrle,, Pavel (referee) ; Klíma, Bohumil (advisor)
Tato disertační práce se zabývá využitím programovatelných hradlových polí (FPGA) v diagnostice měničů, využívajících spínaných IGBT tranzistorů. Je zaměřena na budiče těchto výkonových tranzistorů a jejich struktury. Přechodné jevy veličin, jako jsou IG, VGE, VCE během procesu přepínání (zapnutí, vypnutí), mohou poukazovat na degradaci IGBT. Pro měření a monitorování těchto veličin byla navržena nová architektura budiče IGBT. Rychlé měření a monitorování během přepínacího děje vyžaduje vysokou vzorkovací frekvenci. Proto jsou navrhovány paralelní vysokorychlostní AD převodníky (> 50 MSPS). Práce je zaměřena převážně na návrh zařízení s FPGA včetně hardware a software. Byla navržena nová deska plošných spojů s FPGA, která plní požadované funkce, jako je řízení IGBT pomocí vícenásobných paralelních koncových stupňů, monitorování a diagnostiku, a propojení s řídicí jednotkou měniče.
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Design of control unit for two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle
Bastl, Michal ; Klimeš, David (referee) ; Chalupa, Jan (advisor)
This diploma thesis is a part of a project of two students. The aim of the project is to design safer electronics for the unstable balancing vehicle HUMMER and implementation of advanced diagnostics and fault detection. In the first part of the project we analysed the original vehicle using the FMEA analyse and created a new concept of the vehicle. The second part of the project describes a new hardware. I designed and tested the power electronics, control unit and supplies. The outputs of the work are prototypes which allow testing a new concept.
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Segmented wavelet transform of images
Kučera, Michal ; Rajmic, Pavel (referee) ; Průša, Zdeněk (advisor)
This master’s thesis is dealing with modification of classical discrete time wavelet transform algorithm to be able to split input image into several segments which could be independently processed. Segmented discrete time wavelet transform is introduced and implemented and the tests shows that it produces the similar values of wavelet coefficients as the classical approach. Complete independent image segment processing is allowed thanks to inverse segmented discrete time wavelet transform. It’s obvious that redundancy calculations appear when the image is processed segment by segment compared to transform the image at once. The redundancy rises with increasing decomposition depth and filter length, however it falls when the segment dimensions are increased. It happens because it is worked with smaller amount of segments which needs to extend. The extension with neighbor samples is the only source of redundancy. The thesis also contains description of two different approaches to signal border extension: firstly complete extension for all decomposition levels before the transformation itself and secondly classical method when the signal is extended in each decomposition step. Both approaches have the same results of image reconstruction, but it distinguishes in calculated wavelet coefficients. Four kinds of signal border extension are compared by using MSE and PSNR. The results of all approaches are similar, however the smooth padding of order 0 and symmetric-padding could be slightly favored against smooth padding of order 1 and zero-padding which shows higher MSE.
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Automatic Creation of Corpora
Šantavý, Marek ; Černocký, Jan (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This work is a presentation of tagging and formatting of text-data corpus. It creates a layer above suitable represented documents for their mutual comparison in order to determine the similarity among them. Tools that provide near-duplicate calculations are the basis for an automated system for creation and expansion of the existing text-data corpus. There is an option to choose between two basic approaches according to the significance of the outcome. Means of new text-data acquiring is the tool for web crawling.
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Available Solutions for Server Clustering
Bílek, Václav ; Čejka, Rudolf (referee) ; Kašpárek, Tomáš (advisor)
The goal of this master thesis is to analyze Open Source resources for loadbalancing and high availability, with aim on areas of its typical usage. These areas are particularly solutions of network infrastructure (routers, loadbalancers), generally network and internet services and parallel filesystems. Next part of this thesis is analysis of design, implementation and plans of subsequent advancement of an fast growing Internet project. The effect of this growth is necessity of solving scalability on all levels. The last part is performance analysis of individual loadbalancing methods in the Linux Virtual Server project.
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Impact of Faults and Errors in Context of Embedded Operating Systems
Doležel, Marek ; Pánek, Richard (referee) ; Strnadel, Josef (advisor)
Cílem práce je zhodnotit dopad injektovaných chyb a poruch na vestavěný operační systém a jeho aplikační vrstvu. Tento problém je vyřešen navrženým softwarem pro injektaci poruch a chyb. Tento software vkládá poruchy a chyby za běhu, tj. během provádění vestavěného systému. Injektace je spuštěna časem, jinými slovy, chyba je injektována po uplynutí časovače. Proti C/OS-II jádru spuštěnému pod NIOSII systémem byly provedeny dvě kampaně s injekcí chyb. Obě kampaně cílily na kód plánovače. Kód plánovače byl vylepšen mechanismem kontroly toku v případě druhé kampaně. Výsledky provedených injektačních kampaní ukázaly, že varianta s technikou CFCSS se ve srovnání s nezabezpečenou verzí chovala hůře.
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Risk Analysis of Self-Driven Vehicles
Weigel, Filip ; Šimek, Václav (referee) ; Strnadel, Josef (advisor)
The goal of this thesis was to design and implement system for risk analysis in self-driving cars. This thesis focused on design and implementation of system for risk analysis in models. One of the requirements for the system was to be flexible and robust. Design of the risk analysis was presented at theoretical level and then implemented in models of ABS and ESP systems in UPPAAL environment. The system was then tested via multiple experiments. The experiments were beneficial and the system for risk analysis correctly evaluated failure scenarios with adequate response to the rising level of risk. Experiment outputs were then presented at graphs with comment to each failure scenario.
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