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Evaluation of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in diagnostics of idiopathic infertility
Pastyříková, Soňa ; Postlerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
Infertility is a problem affecting almost 15% of couples. It can be caused by genetic, hormonal, anatomical or infectious problems, and it can also be caused by an immunological factor. One of the immunological causes of infertility is the presence of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA), which bind to sperm and adversely affect their function. The occurrence of ASA is manifested, for example, by reduced sperm motility, agglutination, and impaired sperm capacitation. Alternatively, ASA reduces the sperm ability to pass through the female urogenital tract, negatively affecting the sperm-oocyte interaction and the development of the embryo. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to compare existing methods for ASA determination. The main parameters were the complexity of the method and the assessment of results according to clinical studies focused on the detection and evaluation of ASA. The exact comparison of ASA detection methods based on the performed studies proved to be complicated, mainly due to the development of individual methods over time, different approaches to the evaluation of results, and low standardization of the methods. However, the most commonly recommended methods are MAR, ELISA and IBT tests, which are standardized and, due to commercially available kits, are considered to be easy to...
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Ethical Aspects of Uterine Loss or Surogate Motherhood
Huruglicová, Monika ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis "Ethical Aspects of Uterine Loss or Surrogate Motherhood" summarizes the historical development and present in the field of surrogate motherhood. It focuses on ethical aspects and pitfalls of this institution. Surrogacy is the only option for many couples to conceive a child of their own. We have to take into account aspects that can disrupt the lives of everyone involved. Ethics, law and psychology play a major role here. Should a woman accept that one cannot have everything in life? How does the Church and theologians in general view this situation? The child is between two mothers and bears the psychological and psychiatric consequences of finding out that the mother who gave birth to them will give "her" child to another mother after birth. Is it ethical to tell the child the truth? This and many other ethical questions arise in the institution of surrogacy and I will address some of them. Keywords Rental of uterus, surrogate motherhood, infertility, surrogate mother, conscience, hope, non- acceptance, altruism
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The problem of infertility and the methods of resolving..
Semyakina, Anastasiya ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotná, Božena (referee)
4 Abstract This diploma thesis is concerned with modern methods of treatment for infertility. It examines to what extent and in what cases are these methods used and what risk does it pose for a woman's and a child's health. Paticular emphasis is placed on the methods of assisted reproductive technology as the most used, effective and the most invasive. Nowadays 10-15% of couples face the problem of infertility. In most of the cases this problem can be solved with the help of hormonal therapy, surgery or assisted reproductive technology. The most common complication of ART (assisted reproductive technology) is ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome which leads to higher frequency of miscarriages and can be fatal for a woman. Since more that one embryo is usually transferred in ART children conceived with the help of this method can face different problems related to multiple pregnancy such as higher risk of preterm birth, higher risk of congenital disorder or intrauterine growth retardation. Key words: ART, assisted reproductive technology, infertility, congenital disorder, multiple pregnancy
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Legal aspects of assisted reproduction
Thalerová, Nicol ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Reproductive Medicine currently represents one of the fastest growing medical fields. The birth of Louise Joy Brown as the first baby conceived in vitro fertilization or in vitro, is considered being the historic milestone in development of the treatement methods in assised reproducion. Ethical discussions regarding the admissibility of these methods have developed as a result of technological advance of the infertility treatment. Adequate response of applicable law was required on the currant state of medicine which resulted in the need to regulate legally this field whether it's about establishing of assumption of fatherhood with regard to determination of fatherhood of a child conceived through artificial insemination, as well as determination of the basic conditions for the access to assisted reproductive techniques. Originally, the legislation of artificial insemination was defined only in the implementing regulation of the Ministry of Health, as the reproductive technologies were entirely new area. Today, the area of assisted reproduction is regulated in Act no. 373/2011. This thesis deals with the regulation of the assisted reproduction and it focuses on the controversial methods and procedures which are based on child sex selection, gamete donation and donor anonymity and also it deals with...
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Womenś awareness of endometriosis in the Czech Republic
Fridrichová, Tereza ; Fanta, Michael (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
The theme of my bachelor thesis is called "Awareness of women about endometriosis in the Czech Republic". The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I deal with the anatomy and physiology of female genitals. The next chapter focuses directly on endometriosis. Contains subchapters related to with the characteristics, origin, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, etc. Last but not least, I focus on the role of the midwife in the care of a woman with endometriosis. In the practical part, I examined women's awareness of endometriosis. To collect the data, I used an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, which I shared using social networks. The questionnaire could be filled in by a woman of all ages living in the Czech Republic. 106 respondents took part in the research, who filled in a questionnaire in the period from 10 February 2020 to 9 March 2020. Before starting the practical part, I set out hypotheses that I was able to confirm or refute thanks to the obtained questionnaires. My main goal was to find out how many women know what is endometriosis. Based on this goal, I set a hypothesis, which was confirmed and that more than half of the respondents know the disease. Because these are the days one of the most common gynecological diseases, I assumed...
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Psychological experience infertility and assisted reproduction in terms of infertile individuals
Vinterová, Lucie ; Tollarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Konečná, Hana (referee)
The aim of this dissertation was to find out how does a woman experience infertility and how do women experience the process of assisted reproduction, comunication with the personel in the centres of reproductive medicine, relationships with their surroundings, family and friends. This dissertation answers three main questions: How does a person experiences asisted reproduction? What kind of copying strategies they use to overcome the stress connected with assisted reproduction? How does an individual experience approach and communication skills of the personel of a centres of reproductive medicine. According to chosen topic of experiencing infertility I have chosen a qualitative research method in the form of case study. Basic strategy for sample selection was purposive (judgemental) sampling through centre of reproductive medicine. I have chosen grounded theory method for the data analysis. Standardized interview was made with every participant. Findings of this qualitative research brings the understanding to person experiencing infertility. Those findings will contribute to more empathy understanding to patiens and their partners during hard time in their life from health care profesionals working in centrs of reproductive medicine. The facts that emerged from this research forms a...
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Surrogare maternity
Masaříková, Andrea ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Švestka, Jiří (referee)
Surrogate maternity ABSTRACT This graduation theses deals with surrogacy, which is really an actual and discussed issue at the present time. The thesis is divided into three main chapters, the first one is devoted to assisted reproduction, the second one belongs to surrogacy, the third chapter deals with determining parentage of artificial insemination. The first part considering assisted reproduction contains a short analysis of this issue from the medical and juridical point of view and also shows an overview of interfility causes and their therapies. The second chapter shows legal regulations of surrogacy abroad that could be seen as an inspiration for both, the current and future legislation of the Czech Republic. This chapter also pays attention to particular law institutes that temporarily adjust this subject-matter, especially the contracts between surrogate mother and requesting couple, adoptions by surrogate mother and is briefly focused on criminal legislation. A view at the change of legislation in connection with acceptance of new civil code is part of this chapter as well. The third and the last chapter is devoted to determination of parenthood. As regards the paternity, there are three basic hypothesis accepted, that are however modificated by the legislation of asisted reproduction in some...
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Molecular cytogenetic analysis of marker chromosomes and related abnormalities
Semanko, Adam ; Kočárek, Eduard (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
The primary focus of this diploma thesis is on marker chromosomes and phenotypically similar human karyotype polymorphisms, variants of short acrocentric arms in particular. The first half provides a very useful review of literature concerning different aspects of both sSMC and human polymorphisms such as their origin, inheritance, associated phenotype, formation and molecular cytogenetic methods that are applied in the process of identification of these aberrations. The methodical emphasis is on FISH and its modifications (e.g. M-FISH, acro M FISH, cen M-FISH) as well as on the CGH methods. The main objective was to test the above-mentioned methods and state their limitations and applications. Thus, in the other half we provide evaluations of commonly used methods and introduce new strategies that could be implemented to make the identification of these additional chromosomes or satellite translocations more effective. All the conclusions are based on the analysis of 7 patients with sSMC and 4 patients with variants involving acrocentric NOR regions. The results of our thorough research into their karyotypes have been compared with similar findings in the literature. Last but not least, we tried to establish a link between observed abnormalities and the type of a chromosomal aberration at hand.
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Political discourse of infertility in the years 1989 - 2012 in the Czech Republic
Kostelecká, Hana ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis describes and analyses discourses that preceded the legislation changes regarding assisted reproduction in connection with setting an upper age limit for women who are undergoing assisted reproduction treatments in socialist system as well as in democratic system. This work defined discourses of both political systems compares with the accent on governmentality as a tool for population control. This analysis is valuable primarily because of describing principles of working the whole "system of assisted reproduction" and provides insight into the political discourse of infertility, respective on its part concerning the Czech legislation taking into account the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. No one from the topics - both the political discourse of infertility then the reproductive tourism have not had been in the Czech literature written up yet. The work shows the establishment of proper parenting standards in the political discourse through the topic of artificial insemination. Key words Infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive tourism, discourse, frames, normality of motherhood, prekarization of infertility, governmentality, biopower, Michel Foucault
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