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Obstructionism in Czech Legislative Process
Kubný, Adam ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with obstructions within the legislative process of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, more precisely in hearings at the Lower House. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of obstructions and their importance in the legislative process. In the beginning, the author establishes three basic research questions, which he then tries to answer through quantitative methods. Firstly, the author answers the question whether either site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often. Secondly, he inquires whether there are any differences between the obstructions of a right-wing or a left-wing party. Finally, the author aims to clarify if the long-established parties in the Chamber of Deputies have an advantage in the practice of obstructions and thus are more successful in it than new parties are. The text is divided into three separate chapters with a logical structure starting from theoretical themes and continuing with an empirical analysis. The first part, which is purely theoretical, is followed by a chapter dealing with the legislative process which can be considered as a transition between the theoretical and empirical parts. The following chapter is based on empiricism and analyses stenographic records and interviews with the representatives of political parties. The carried out analyses suggest that it is impossible to state clearly which site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often, as in the majority of cases parties using this tactic find themselves in the opposition. However, while obstructing, both left-wing and right-wing parties use almost identical tools. Ultimately, it can be stated that parties represented in the House of Deputies for a long period are not more successful in practicing obstructions than other parties, even though they use strategies that are more sophisticated.
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Possibilities of Legislative Procedure Reform in the Chamber of Deputies: Study 1.182
Syllová, Jindřiška
Práce předkládá varianty pro zklidnění legislativního procesu v České republice. První možností zklidnění legislativního procesu je omezení práva podávat pozměňovací návrhy. Toto právo patří ke všeobecně uznávaným prerogativám členů parlamentu. Vyplývá z jejich práva zákonodárné iniciativy. Řada parlamentů však definuje přesné podmínky pro podávání pozměňovacích návrhů, což zefektivňuje zákonodárný proces a činí jej transparentnějším. Druhou možností je zavedení pravidla, podle kterého každý pozměňovací návrh podaný ve druhém čtení musí být projednán ve výboru. Toto pravidlo by podstatně prodloužilo projednávání návrhu zákona. Pokud by projednávání ve výboru probíhalo stejně jako při projednávání návrhu zákona po prvním čtení, tedy včetně pozvání zástupce vlády a dalších činitelů, vyžadovalo by to změnu harmonogramu schůzí Poslanecké sněmovny a musel by být změněn jednací řád Poslanecké sněmovny. Práce se dále zabývá také nálezem Ústavního soudu o tzv. přílepcích. V souladu s tímto nálezem je třeba uvažovat o zákazu přílepků. Zakotvení zákazu přílepků v sobě nese dva základní problémy. Prvním z nich je formulace přílepku, tedy vyjádření souvislosti pozměňovacího návrhu k návrhu zákona. Druhým podstatně důležitějším problémem je to, kdo bude rozhodovat o tom, jak ustanovení vykládat. V praxi jednacích řádů existuje řada pokusů o formulování přílepků, jediným relativně úspěšným státem (když vyloučíme USA, viz příloha práce) je Francie. Její úspěch v určení přílepků vychází z toho, že kompatibilitu pozměňovacího návrhu se zněním jednacího řádu posuzuje (resp. Může posuzovat) Ústavní rada. Přemíře pozměňovacích návrhů se ve skutečnosti úspěšně čelí jen ve státech, kde je zvyklostí kázeň poslanců vládních koalic (Španělsko, Portugalsko, Nizozemsko, částečně Švédsko), a kde poslanci obvykle nejdou navrhovanými pozměňovacími návrhy proti své vládě. Zároveň i jednací řád je v těchto státech vůči podávání pozměňovacích návrhů velmi přísný. Studie obsahuje i přehled dalších možností jak legislativní proces zklidnit a obsahuje přehled řešení této problematiky v zahraničních jednacích řádech.
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Current anti-corruption government steps affecting local government units
Vondrovic, Robert ; Toth, Petr (advisor) ; Horník, Jan (referee)
This paper analyzes the anti-corruption steps of the Czech government affecting local government units. It deals with the issue of corruption and explains, on the basis of anti-corruption indicators, the importance of this issue. Furthermore it compares the Government Anti-corruption Strategy with the proposed amendments to the laws on local self-government units and concludes that this adjustment is insufficient. The final comparison of legislations of the neighboring countries confirms the need for amendments and recommends cooperation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Process of IFRS development, endorsement and enforcement
Valášková, Mariana ; Mejzlík, Ladislav (advisor) ; Žárová, Marcela (referee) ; Tumpach, Miloš (referee)
The doctoral thesis examines process of IFRS development, endorsement and enforcement from the perspective of accounting regulation on global scale, identifies nature of IFRS due process in all its phases and compares IFRS due process with accounting regulation in Czech Republic, especially with legislative process of creating Czech accounting legislation. The due process of any accounting rules, whether standards or legislation, determines quality of these rules and consequently also potential level quality of financial statements prepared in accordance with such rules. Process of IFRS development and endorsement is to guarantee quality of standards that are the output of such a process. For global accounting harmonization, which requires transparent, reliable and comparable information in financial reporting across countries of the world, the IFRS due process is essential. The whole process of IFRS development, endorsement and enforcement, which develops IFRS as global accounting standards, also is connected with several obstacles associated to political and social aspects as well as to cultural differentiation. In the thesis the legal systems, as determinants of the nature of accounting regulation, are used for analysis and identification of possible natures of accounting regulation from global perspective. For global accounting regulation it is necessary its acceptance by major interested parties, specification of the range of entities for which it is meaningful and desirable, establishment of an independent, reliable and respected international professional organization in the role of standard-setter and development of a sophisticated, transparent and comprehensive standard setting process. Besides the thorough analysis of particular phases of IFRS due process, the thesis also maps current acceptance of IFRS in the world and describes endorsement process in Europe Union applied for the adoption of IFRS within its area, what provides an integrated view of current evolution in global accounting harmonization. Global accounting regulation, which requires the adoption and application of IFRS in their original range, still faces many obstacles. Less than half countries of G20 (ie 9 countries) requires the use of IFRS in their original form for listed companies. Problem with such acceptance of IFRS especially have the countries with tradition based on Roman law (continental European legal culture), where the creation of rules is exclusive subject to state. Quantitative analysis of IFRS due process performed on three selected projects of IASB agenda is a core of application part of the thesis. On the basis on the timeline the analysis follows particular steps of IFRS due process, especially from the perspective of particular comment periods quantified through the comments received, not only in number but also the composition of comments by geographical region and respondent type. The analysis showed the due process as complicated and time-consuming process leading to global consensus of opinions and also showed the importance of compliance of its complexity, which leads to general agreement on adopted solutions and to global acceptance of these solutions by all of the interested parties. The analysis of IASB due process leads into its comparison with legislative process of creating accounting legislation in Czech Republic. The comparison of both of the processes enables to identify the weaknesses of Czech due process and provides specific recommendations for its improvement and increase efficiency. From the perspective of nature of accounting regulation the delegation of creating accounting rules from the state to the accounting profession is important especially to strengthen the quality, understanding and acceptance of accounting rules, which can be effectively ensured through the due process different from that legislative. The IFRS due process is an inspiration in this case.
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Linguistic regime of the EU in practise: comparison of accessibility of the documents in Czech, French and English on the website of the Comittee of the Regions
ROZMILEROVÁ, Monika
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the language regime of European Union in practice, compared to availability of documents in Czech, French and English on the website of the Committee of the Regions. At first, the thesis introduces the institutional framework of the European Union. Further, the work deals with EU's language regime. The next chapter is focused on the Committee of the Regions in detail, its structure and position in the EU's legislative process. The following chapter is about the analysis of availability of documents in the languages mentioned above on the Committee's website which precedes description of the structure of the site. For better understanding, comparison of available documents is illustrated in graphs and tables. At the end of the thesis, the results are evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively.
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European parliament
Novotná, Eva ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Šťastný, Tomáš (referee)
The European Parliament is the only body in the institutional structure of the European Union, which is directly elected by EU citizens. And due to the holding of direct elections the development of the role of Parliament unfolds itself. Before 1979 (year of the first direct election) Parliament was only an advisory body in the legislative process just only in a consultation procedure which represents the lowest turnout for the Parliament. After holding the elections, the agenda of the Community expanded gradually and this expanded the participation of Parliament. A major step forward was the introduction of other procedures, especially co-decision procedure, which in recent years, is displacing those remaining. Parliamentary position was strengthened by the allocation of control authority - as the appointment of the Ombudsman, the Commission censure, exploring messages from other EU institutions, and many other questions. Today it is an institution which is a full partner in the structure of the Union.
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Public awareness raising in relation to assessing the evidence and circumstances of the crime situation scam.
MICHAL, Petr
There has been a significant societal change in the early nineties in the Czech Republic which has brought many new phenomena. The increase in crime was one of the events to which modern society was not ready. Development of post-Communist society has been uneven in all aspects. The legislative process in an emerging democratic state system was poor. As a result, a specific group of people took advantage from this situation. They have exploited loopholes in existing legislation to commit a crime. This group of offenders, in search of easy profits, then committed crimes and fraud. This thesis deals with fraud as one of the statistically most spread offenses. Law enforcement and criminal proceedings document the notification of victims when deciding the case as far as possible, which allows them existing legislation. Until the last final court decision, none of the parties is certain about the outcome of proceedings. Bachelor thesis on public awareness regarding the circumstances of committing fraud conducted a survey of respondents in the age group between 30-40 years.
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Czech governmental legislative planning in the years 1998-2002
Linek, Lukáš ; Čada, K. ; Kabele, J.
The aim of the study was to reveal the degree to which government legislative planning fulfilled the following coordinative tasks: distributing legislative tasks and establishing a timetable for their completion; balancing political interests and transforming the legal code during harmonising Czech law with ES law and reforming the Czech legal code. This empirical study has an investigative character. It reconstructs the process of drawing up the legislative plans (1998ů2002), the preparation of the new legislative plan (the remainder of 2002) and the outlook for the future (2003ů2006).
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The legislative process in the U.S. : case study of health care reform
Růžičková, Veronika ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Andrýsová, Lenka (referee)
The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical part - the legislative process. It explains the creation of legislative measures as well as what the legislative power creates. The second chapter deals with the current American health care system, Obama's criticism and his proposals to the way how to reform the health care system. The last chapter contains a case study of the legislative process and the reader gets knowledge of how the health care reform had evolved from the very beginning to the, at least for its proponents succesful, end.
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