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Využití embryotransferu v moderní reprodukci dojeného skotu
Lužíková, Darina
Darina Lužíková, Use of embryo transfer in modern reproduction in dairy cattle The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the use of embryo transfer in moder reproduction in dairy cattle. The main subject of this work is transfer of embryos which are collected in the Netherlands from in vitro production and transfered to the Holstein recipients in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part is the thesis focused on the methodology of embryo transfer using embryos obtained by the classical way of lavage, including the preparation of donors. This work also describes the most common time and hormonal schedules used in the Czech Republic. The methodology of in vitro embryo production and oocyte retrieval using the ovum pick-up method is also described. The practical part evaluates the results of embryo transfers from the particular farm from December 2018 to April 2021.
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Endogenně produkovaný sulfan v reprodukčním traktu samice ve vztahu k fertilizaci
BRICHCÍN, Jiří
The discovery of the mechanisms responsible for the proper process of fertilization and early embryonic development helps in the development of assisted human reproduction and technologies in livestock breeding. One of the regulatory mechanisms involved in reproduction is the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide, whose cellular signaling in germ cells is not fully described yet. According to the hypothesis, hydrogen sulfide is released in the female reproductive tract, where it physiologically affects sperm and is necessary for fertilization and the development of pronuclei. The aim was to verify the expression of hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes and the existence of a time-space gradient of hydrogen sulfide within the estrous cycle of the mouse (time axis) and to compare the expression profile of the fallopian tube ampulla and uterotubal junction (space axis). The experiments were performed on a laboratory mouse model (Mus musculus). The expression of hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes was studied by western blot. Hydrogen sulfide production was determined by colorimetry. The role of hydrogen sulfide in the fertilization process was studied by in vitro fertilization with hydrogen sulfide donor-treated sperm and by immunocytochemical staining of the zygotes. The expression of the known hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes, i.e. cystathionine--lyase (CTH), cystathionine-ß-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MPST), was detected within the ovary and fallopian tube. Any enzymes did not show statistically significant differences in estrus and diestrus expression. Moreover, analogous results were found in the spatial axis; both the fallopian tube and the uterotubal junction expressed CTH, CBS, and 3-MPST enzymes, but no statistical differences were noted. Also, this applies to the production of hydrogen sulfide by these tissues. The effect of hydrogen sulfide on the fertilization process was analyzed according to lamin B1, a paternal pronucleus development marker. The performed analysis did not confirm the influence of the hydrogen sulfide donor on the development of the zygote pronuclei. The work showed that hydrogen sulfide is enzymatically released by the tissues of the female reproductive tract, regardless of the phase of the estrous cycle or the location in the fallopian tube. There is assumed a physiological influence of maternal-born hydrogen sulfide to sperm, which is capable of fertilization and leads to pronuclei development.
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Legal aspects of assisted reproduction
Thalerová, Nicol ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Reproductive Medicine currently represents one of the fastest growing medical fields. The birth of Louise Joy Brown as the first baby conceived in vitro fertilization or in vitro, is considered being the historic milestone in development of the treatement methods in assised reproducion. Ethical discussions regarding the admissibility of these methods have developed as a result of technological advance of the infertility treatment. Adequate response of applicable law was required on the currant state of medicine which resulted in the need to regulate legally this field whether it's about establishing of assumption of fatherhood with regard to determination of fatherhood of a child conceived through artificial insemination, as well as determination of the basic conditions for the access to assisted reproductive techniques. Originally, the legislation of artificial insemination was defined only in the implementing regulation of the Ministry of Health, as the reproductive technologies were entirely new area. Today, the area of assisted reproduction is regulated in Act no. 373/2011. This thesis deals with the regulation of the assisted reproduction and it focuses on the controversial methods and procedures which are based on child sex selection, gamete donation and donor anonymity and also it deals with...
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The prevalence of chosen polymorphisms of luteinizing hormone receptor gene in Czech population and patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Chrudimská, Jana ; Macek, Milan (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic potentially life-threatening complication of assisted reproduction techniques (ART). It is caused by an increased sensitivity of ovaries to gonadotropins administered during the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Thus, the degree of ovarian response can be gently tuned by genetic polymorphisms of gonadotropins and their receptors. The aim of this study is to ascertain the prevalence of polymorphisms Asn291Ser (rs1470652), Ser312Asn (rs2293275) and insLQ (insertion of leucine and glutamine, rs58356637) in the luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene in 102 Czech fertile men, 149 fertile women and 58 patients with serious grade of OHSS. Detection of the Asn291Ser and Ser312Asn polymorphisms was performed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The insLQ variation was detected by the capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence-labeled primers. This study ascertained the prevalence of studied variants in Czech fertile population. Obtained results are in concordance with the majority of data from other European populations. There is no difference in prevalence between control-men and control-women. No relation to the development of OHSS was disclosed. The number of analyzed samples is too small for haplotype analysis. These...
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Infertility experience: retrospective biographical reconstruction of now fertile women
Ulrichová, Eva ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Spalová, Barbora (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the retrospective biographical interviews with three now fertile women who as narrators retrospectively create their identities during the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. I also explored how the medical and social institution could lead to a change of identity of female infertility. This master's thesis is based on theory of Erving Goffman about patients in total institution: this theory supports the idea that total (medical) institution destroys the patient's original identity and then constructs new identity. The major result of this master's thesis found four different changes in woman's identity during the experience of infertility: identity of implicitly fertile woman and potential mother, denial of identity and the process of accepting a new identity, identity of infertile woman and patient's identity, and mother's identity. The changes of woman's identity are based on diagnostic phase. Therefore I decided to separate them into four various period in this research: pre-diagnostic, diagnostic, post-diagnostic and contra-diagnostic. I also found a difference between Goffman's theory and my results: Based on my research I concluded that the construction of identity of infertile women in the diagnostics and treatment of infertility is...
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Differences in the structure of mothers and their newborn children born in Czechia in 2014 related to the use of the IVF method
Havelková, Tereza ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Differences in the structure of mothers and their newborn children born in Czechia in 2014 related to the use of the IVF method Abstract The work deals with the evaluation of specific aspects in mothers who became pregnant after the application of in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods in comparison with mothers who did not undergo such treatment. Apart from mothers themselves, the comparative analysis also focuses on newborn children, again distinguishing between those children who were most likely born following IVF treatment and those who were not. The analysis makes use of individual anonymized data of reported health care from the GHIC CR database for mothers who gave birth in 2014 and their newborn children. The introductory part of the work deals with the overview of the development of assisted reproduction, its success rate and the consequences associated with the development of its methods. Subsequently, data for newborn children and their mothers are analyzed on the basis of the sex of the newborn, the birth weight, the frequency of birth, the type of birth, complications of mothers and newborns during hospitalization related to childbirth, the length of hospitalization after birth and costs associated with hospitalization after birth. The aim of the work is to evaluate the resulting structural...
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Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia
Waldaufová, Eva ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Reproductive ageing and its reflection in obstetrics in Czechia Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore trends in obstetrics in Czechia in the context of increasing maternal age. The key issue is the rise in the percentage of births performed by caesarean section. The first part of the work sums up the current knowledge of fertility development and describes the selected effects of fertility postponement, health risks, especially of caesarean sections. Subsequently, the evolution of fertility in Czechia between 1989 and 2018 and the development in the proportion of births by caesarean section from 1994 to 2018 are analysed. The incidence of caesarean section births is examined based on individual anonymous data from the National Health Information System in 2018. It considers the age of the mothers and other characteristics of the mothers and newborns in Czechia. The odds of giving birth by caesarean section are estimated using the binary logistical regression method. It turns out that in recent years the growth of births executed by caesarean section has stopped, although the age of mothers and the use of assisted reproduction methods continues to grow. Reproductive ageing is reflected in the increase in caesarean section births, but at the same time its occurrence is influenced by a number of other...
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Health tourism of the Czech Republic - assisted reproduction
Krucká, Martina ; Valentová, Jana (advisor) ; Kvěch, Richard (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the position of the Czech Republic in the field of health tourism, particularly assisted reproduction. The theoretical chapters include the definitions of the following topics: health tourism, organization of tourist agents and tour operators, marketing methods and the issue of assisted reproduction. In the analytic part, the offer of the Czech Republic in this field is described, the survey investigating customer behaviour of the patients as tourists is evaluated and SWOT analysis of the Czech Republic and of its offer in the field of assisted reproduction is conducted. In the last part of the thesis, a tourism product including a fertility treatment is created and some distribution channels are suggested.
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Legal aspects of assisted reproduction
Thalerová, Nicol ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Reproductive Medicine currently represents one of the fastest growing medical fields. The birth of Louise Joy Brown as the first baby conceived in vitro fertilization or in vitro, is considered being the historic milestone in development of the treatement methods in assised reproducion. Ethical discussions regarding the admissibility of these methods have developed as a result of technological advance of the infertility treatment. Adequate response of applicable law was required on the currant state of medicine which resulted in the need to regulate legally this field whether it's about establishing of assumption of fatherhood with regard to determination of fatherhood of a child conceived through artificial insemination, as well as determination of the basic conditions for the access to assisted reproductive techniques. Originally, the legislation of artificial insemination was defined only in the implementing regulation of the Ministry of Health, as the reproductive technologies were entirely new area. Today, the area of assisted reproduction is regulated in Act no. 373/2011. This thesis deals with the regulation of the assisted reproduction and it focuses on the controversial methods and procedures which are based on child sex selection, gamete donation and donor anonymity and also it deals with...
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