|
|
Study of bioapatite geochemistry using Laser Ablation ICP-MS
Kroupa, Vojtěch ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with topic of investigating bioapatite from conodont samples using laser ablation ICP-MS. The aim is to evaluate effect of diagenesis on the chemical composition and content of rare earth elements (REE) in the structure of conodonts. During diagenesis, bioapatite was transformed into mineral francolite and as part of this process, adsorbed REE into its crystalline structure. The degree of adsorption of REE was influenced by presence of seawater, presence of siliciclastics in surrounding REE-enriched rocks, redox conditions and also the effects of elements such as Mn and Fe present in the pore water. It was found that a group of conodont samples from the Col des Tribes (France) underwent a major diagenetic transformation, late recrystallization with REE desorption, and also due to the increased presence of Mn ions and influence of the original suboxic conditions contains rarer positive Ce anomalies. While groups of conodont samples from the Mramorový lom near Křtiny (Czech Republic) have undergone a minor diagenetic change, they contain a larger amount of REE elements.
|
|
| |
|
|
Monitoring of inorganic contaminants in moravian white wines
Šebek, Richard ; Slavíková, Zuzana (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on monitoring of selected inorganic contaminants, especially metallic elements and macro elements, in Moravian white wines. The aim of this thesis is to compare the element composition of wines according to the geographical origin, different production system and vine varieties. Two spectrometric techniques were used for elemental analysis of wine samples: Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometer and inductively coupled plasma with optical spectrometer (ICP–MS and ICP–OES). Evaluation of the results was carried out using statistical method of variance analysis (ANOVA). Vanadium, copper, lead and magnesium were evaluated as statistically significant in at least one Moravian sub-region. No statistically significant results were found in other comparisons.
|
|
|
Content of risk elements in food for dogs and cats
Hrabalová, Karolína ; Slavíková, Zuzana (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the determination of risk elements, namely mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in dog and cat food. The concentration of mercury was determined using the AAS technique, and the concentration of arsenic, cadmium and lead was determined by the ICP-MS method after microwave decomposition of the samples using mineral acids. A total of 30 feed samples were analyzed. In most samples, the concentrations of monitored elements were lower than the maximum permissible values given by the EU Commission Regulation, two samples did not meet the requirements of the regulation. The concentration of risk elements in the feed, except for arsenic, did not depend on the type of meat used in the feed. Feeds containing fish meat showed demonstrably higher concentrations of arsenic than feeds with other meats. Due to the relatively low proportion of meat in feed and due to the overall lower concentrations of risk elements in meat, it can be assumed that the vegetable or other component of the feed, or the technology of feed production, is responsible for the increased concentration of risk elements in feed.
|
|
|
Analysis of composition of residues of inorganic pharmaceuticals from the 18th century
Janoušková, Eva ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
In this bachelor thesis, sixteen samples of inorganic pharmaceuticals from the 18th century were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, UV/VIS spectrometry, capillary zone electrophoresis, titrations, and gravimetric analysis. The analysis confirmed that the composition of fourteen of the analyzed samples corresponded with their respective Latin inscriptions on the apothecary jars, while two of the samples proved to be a completely different substance. All samples, except for one, contained a relatively high number of impurities. These impurities helped determine if the source of the sample was a mineral commonly occurring in nature or a chemical reaction. Keywords: History of pharmacy, ICP-MS, F-AAS, F-AES, UV/VIS spectrometry, historical pharmaceuticals
|
|
|
Study of the chemical profile of wine of Riesling variety
Šumberová, Michaela ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the chemical profile and authentication of the geographical origin of varietal wine Rhine Riesling obtained from 4 Moravian wine regions. In the experiment, 20 wine samples were analysed with 5 instrumental analytical methods – aromatic compounds were determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS, phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS, total phenolic content by MAS, and elemental analysis by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. In total 36 aromatic compounds were detected, from which 7 were varietal terpenes and 2 of them C13 norisoprenoids. The total phenolic content for the Rhine Riesling wine was measured in the concentration range of 174,22–380,96 mg·l-1. Gallic acid (0,41–34,99 mg·l-1), catechin (0,05–7,44 mg·l-1), epicatechin (0,03–4,14 mg·l-1), caffeic acid (0,14–2,05 mg·l-1), and coumaric acid (0,30–4,04 mg·l-1) were the specific measured phenolics. In total 18 elements were measured in Rhine Riesling wine, macroelements K > P > Mg > Ca > Na with concentrations above 10 mg·l-1, microelements Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Sr > Cu in the concentration range 0,1–10 mg·l-1, and trace elements Ni > Cr > V > Pb > Mo > Co > Cd in the concentration 0,0001–1 mg·l-1. Potassium was the most abundant element (386,37 mg·l-1). The results were used for the parametric and nonparametric univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). Ni60 (p = 0,0029), ethyl benzoate (p = 0,0060), and diethyl succinate (p = 0,0247) were statistically the most significant parameters influenced by the wine region for the significance level = 0,05. Out of the 57 measured variables 7 parameters were identified as statistically significant and used for PCA graphic representation of the samples. PCA results show, that the varietal wine’s origin can be authenticated by chosen chemical compounds and chemometric methods.
|
|
|
Study of road dust pollution using ICP mass spectrometry
Chalabala, Jan ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Nowadays, there are many studies focused on road dust as a matrix of interest because of its ability to accumulate contamination with contribution from road traffic. This master thesis is turned into study of road dust pollution from aglomeration of Ulaanbaatar, capital city of Mongolia. There are 113 samples devided on nine sets corresponding to major roads in Ulaanbaatar. Samples have been sieved on three size fractions and then decomposed by aqua regia. Middle size fraction 45–63 µm has been analyzed using ICP-MS mass spektrometry. For purposes of contamination assesment, analyzed elements have been devided into two groups: contaminants (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and As) and rare earth elements (REE). Measured contents for elements have been compared with values of geochemical backgroud. Firstly for each set of samples and secondly for each sampling point. For first group of elements (contaminants), antropogenic contamination have been found, especially in the centre of Ulaanbaatar. As a probable source of this contamination, road traffic for Cu, Zn and Pb and coal combustion for Pb a As, have been identified. For REE group hasn´t been found any antropogenic enrichment.
|
|
|
Study of bioapatite geochemistry using Laser Ablation ICP-MS
Kroupa, Vojtěch ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with topic of investigating bioapatite from conodont samples using laser ablation ICP-MS. The aim is to evaluate effect of diagenesis on the chemical composition and content of rare earth elements (REE) in the structure of conodonts. During diagenesis, bioapatite was transformed into mineral francolite and as part of this process, adsorbed REE into its crystalline structure. The degree of adsorption of REE was influenced by presence of seawater, presence of siliciclastics in surrounding REE-enriched rocks, redox conditions and also the effects of elements such as Mn and Fe present in the pore water. It was found that a group of conodont samples from the Col des Tribes (France) underwent a major diagenetic transformation, late recrystallization with REE desorption, and also due to the increased presence of Mn ions and influence of the original suboxic conditions contains rarer positive Ce anomalies. While groups of conodont samples from the Mramorový lom near Křtiny (Czech Republic) have undergone a minor diagenetic change, they contain a larger amount of REE elements.
|
|
|
Speciation and isotopic composition of lead in coal samples from selected profile of the Most Basin
Semíková, Hana ; Strnad, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chrastný, Vladislav (referee)
Coal is one of the major energy sources in the world and contains most of the elements from the periodic table. During combustion of coal these elements are released and redistributed. This may lead to environmental problems. Some of these elements are considered to be very dangerous for human and animal health and ecosystems. The knowledge of concentration and speciation of elements in coal is important for the prevention of the adverse environmental phenomena associated with the use of coal. One of the hazardous elements in coal is lead. The purpose of this work is to determine the concentration of lead and its isotopic composition simultaneously with determining the speciation of lead in coal. The ICP-MS method was used to determine the concentration and isotope ratios of lead. A total of 62 samples of subbituminous coal was analyzed. The method of selective extraction analysis BCR was used on 9 samples of subbitumnious coal to identify the speciation of lead in coal. Lead concentrations in coal were measured in the range of 0.25 to 78.84 mg·kg-1 . These concentrations correspond to the average concentrations of lead in most of the coals. Isotope ratio 206 Pb/207 Pb in coal samples ranged from 1.169 to 1.219. Isotopic 208 Pb/206 Pb ratio was measured in the interval 2.047 to 2.093. The isotopic...
|
|
|
Analysis of chemotherapeutics in extracellular vesicles
Kožnarová, Simona ; Hložková, Michaela (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Extracellular vesicles are a newly discovered way of cell-to-cell communication. The issue is still significantly unexplored, especially in the case of cancer. The goal of this pilot study was to attempt to detect platinum contained in extracellular vesicles by ICP-MS. In this study, samples of ovarian cancer cell lines treated with platinum derivatives, a type of chemotherapeutic drug, were used. This method was proved as able to detect platinum, even as able to determine its concentration reliably. The quantity of platinum in vesicles was around 1–2 % of the total platinum added to the system. The results varied according to the used platinum derivative, the cell line and the number of cells releasing the vesicles. Most platinum was determined in vesicles of the SK-OV-3 line, which is naturally resistant to this treatment, for all platinum derivatives. From these results it can be concluded that the use of ICP-MS is also advisable for additional research on this issue.
|
guest ::
