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Patterns of use of psilocybe mushrooms among students of art universities and its influence on artistic creation
Matoušková, Adéla ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zachová, Kateřina (referee)
Background: Psychedelics are substances that affect the nervous system and have the ability to influence thinking, perception and feelings of the user. In the Czech Republic, psilocybe mushrooms are the second most used psychedelic. 5.7% of the population over the age of 15 used them at least once in their lifetime, and over 70,000 people in the last 12 months. Research shows that this hallucinogen has potential uses in medicine and psychotherapy, especially in the treatment of depression, anxiety or PTSD. In the past, psychedelics were associated with the phenomenon of psychedelic art, in which artists were inspired in their works by psychedelic experiences they achieved under the influence of hallucinogenic substances, which entails significant risks. Patterns of magic mushroom use among artistic college students have not yet been adequately described. Objectives: The aim of the work is to find out the patterns of use of psychedelic mushrooms among university students with an artistic focus, to find out what effect the use has on their artistic creation and what is the motivation for using it. In this work, I will focus on the prevalence and amount of hallucinogenic mushrooms used by students and try to evaluate whether there is a connection between the pattern of using psilocybin mushrooms and...
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Prevalence of symptoms of HPPD among psychedelic substance users
Psárska, Simona ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Koutská, Kateřina Olga (referee)
Background: Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is a rare and understudied disorder affecting users of hallucinogenic substances. There is limited information on its pathogenesis, prevalence, course, and treatment options. With the increasing interest of both the professional and general public in the topic of psychedelics, it is appropriate to pay more attention to the issue of adverse effects of psychedelics, including HPPD. Aims: The aim of this thesis was to describe the prevalence of HPPD symptoms in psychedelic substance users, specifically their prevalence, course, and possible association with specific substances and psychedelic experiences. The aim was also to determine users' awareness of the risk of developing HPPD. Methods: Data were collected using an online cross-sectional survey posted on social media in groups of psychoactive substance users in February and March 2023. The study sample consisted of 158 adults with experience of using one or more psychedelic substances. Selection was non-random, with respondents entering the study on the basis of self-nomination. Results: 41,8% of respondents experienced abnormal visual phenomena. Of these, 4.5% reported limitations in daily functioning and 6.1% said they had considered seeking professional help. The proportion of...
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Minimalizace rizik užívání psychedelik za účelem podpory veřejného zdraví v regionu
Ocetková, Tereza
This diploma thesis, first of all, design a typology of users of psychedelics with regard to their motivation and patterns of use, in order to minimize risks, support the regulated clinical administration of psychedelics for therapeutic purposes and improve public health. In the second place, it also collect current data on the use of psychedelics in the EU and European legislation on the use of narcotics and psychotropic substances. Data were collected from structured questionnaires from 2019, which were filled by 890 users of psychedelics in the Czech Republic. For the analysis of the answers, a cluster analysis of the data performed using the Ward method was used, exclusively on the basis of questions concerning the frequency of use in the previous year. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis, a typology of users of psychoactive substances is subsequently proposed, which consist of 6 groups. It was found that the motivation of use is most influenced by level of information, setting and possibility of processing the experience. On this basis, 4 recommendations are formulated for minimizing the risks of psychedelic substance use – sufficient education, providing a protected and controlled environment for therapeutic use, decriminalizing the use of psychedelic substances and reviewing the pharmacological classification of substances.
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Serotonergic hallucinogenes and their therapeutic use
Bouberl, David ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Vejmola, Čestmír (referee)
Serotonergic hallucinogens are a group of substances that induce changes in consciousness based on their affinity for some of the serotonin receptors - especially 5-HT2A. The best known substances in this group include LSD, psilocybin or mescaline. During the 1950's and 1960's, initial research into the therapeutic uses of these substances took place, but studies from this period did not meet today's methodological standards. However, the results of recent studies point to the potential therapeutic use of psilocybin or LSD in the treatment of depression / anxiety, addiction and OCD. The aim of this work is to summarize current knowledge about selected serotonergic hallucinogens, their chemical properties, mechanisms of action and especially about the possibilities of using these substances in psychotherapy.
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Psychedelics in psychology
DRAHÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis focuses on the current renaissance of the use of psychedelics in psychological research and practice. The thesis offers both a view into the history of the use of the effects associated with the use of psychedelics, and above all focuses on the findings of the latest research. It summarizes the research findings dealing with their therapeutic effects in the treatment of mental illnesses. Two areas of psychedelic use in treatment are described in more detail. There is an overview of researches from 1965 to 2016 dealing with dying patients in the terminal stage of the disease. The second area includes psychological factors affecting addiction treatment and summarizes the results of several studies dealing with different types of addiction.
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Neurobiology and toxicity of new psychoactive substances from hallucinogens class
Zmátlo, Vít ; Leca, Nikola (advisor) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
Main focus of this thesis are the novel synthetic psychoactive substances from hallucinogens class. The first part expands the phenomenon of hallucinogens and describes its general mechanisms. Serotonergic system is emphasised with focus on 5-HT2A receptor as a main moderator of hallucinogenic aktivity. Next part enlightens the issue of new psychoactive substances and elaborates on two main classes of hallucinogens - tryptamines and phenylethylamines, with epmhasis on their synthetic derivates. There is described the form of occurence, relationship between chemical structure and biological activity, and current knowledge of neurobiology toxicity of those substances. Key words: New psychoactive substances, hallucinogens, serotonergic system, neurobiology, toxicity
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Impact of psychoactive drugs on the central nervous system
HRUBEŠOVÁ, Tereza
Substances of various origins belong among psychoactive drugs. These substances impact the central nervous system, where they affect cerebral function and cause temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behaviour. This thesis presents a review of hallucinogens. Intoxication by these substances induces a state reminiscent of trance, dreaming or meditation which is exploited for recreation, ceremonial and mythological purposes around the world. Classification of psychoactive substances can be performed by many criteria, ranging from origin and chemical composition, through their effects on the central nervous system, to their legislative status. The first known use of psychoactive drugs dates to the Paleolithic period (2 500 000 A.C.N. - 8 000 A.C.N.). Their usage varies greatly among cultures; drug commonly used in one culture can be unknown to another one. Usage and popularity of psychoactive drug differ in ritual habits in cultures and across continents. In this Bachelor thesis, the mechanism of impact and signs of intoxication by six compounds are described. These include ibogaine, tropane alkaloids, harmala alkaloid, psilocybe, dimethyltryptamine and mescaline. Cultural and historical context is also provided.
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Spiritual searching with salvia divinorum in Prague and its surroundings
Zelený, Jan ; Spalová, Barbora (advisor) ; Bureš, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is concerned in the topic of spiritual searching with Salvia divinorum. Prague and its surroundings have been chosen as the region of interest. Salvia divinorum is extremely potent hallucinogenic substance that can be applied through smoking of extracts or chewing of leaves. Even though prohibited in 2011 In the Czech Republic, the substance is easy to acquire even to this day. In the qualitative part of the research semi-structured interviews were conducted with the users of this plant to obtain information about Salvia divinorum and its relationship to spiritual searching. The analysis of the discourse in the interviews resulted in findings which point us to the conclusion that the experimentation with Salvia divinorum is indeed tightly bound with spiritual searching.
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Issue of substance abuse and school environment
Šmejkalová, Jaroslava ; Pokorný, Ladislav (advisor) ; Přibyl, Ivan (referee)
The thesis investigates the theoretical knowledge about the issue of addictive substances and personal experience with their use for pupils 6. and 8. classes of primary school and for students 2. and 4. year of the grammar school. In the first part of my work, I focused on the definition of basic concepts, the outline of the characters and the possible causes that lead to addiction to drugs, I presented the most commonly used drugs and identified the possibilities of drug prevention. The second part is devoted to a survey in the form of a questionnaire, which directly examines the knowledge and experience with the drug specific age groups of pupils and students. This work could be material for teachers who want to participate in the drug prevention.
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Abuse of illegal drugs by student of University of South Bohemia
PLACHÁ, Markéta
The thesis research the frequency of illegal drugs use by student sof Univerzity of South Bohemia in the Czech Budějovice. In the theoretical part are characterized by drugs, illegal drugs and the effects of drug use on health, describes the emergence of drug addiction and its types and developmental stages of drug use. Furthermore, illegal drugs are divided into categories according to their effects and further described. The main aim of the practical part is the analysis of illegal drug use by students of the University of South Bohemia. On the basis of a questionnaire compiled data was found and it was statistically analyzed by the method, compares and conclusions were drawn. Over the past year have used an illegal drug 37.83% of respondents, that 2.91% of the respondents use illegal drugs daily. Earlier experience with illegal drugs has 18.78% of students of the University of South Bohemia. Past experience with drugs is more common in women, while use in the last year is much more common in men. The most commonly used substances are cannabinoids, as well as hallucinogens, opiates and finally stimulanci.
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