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Securitization of Immigration and Multiculturalism: The Case Study of Germany
Nguyen, Van Anh ; Šánová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the process of securitization of immigration and multiculturalism within the framework of migration, immigration and integration policies focusing on the case of Germany. Using the migration-security nexus as a primary theoretical foundation, I argue that within the policies and legislations related to immigration, German governments ultimately perceive immigration as a threat at the level of state security as well as Germany's national identity. The first government I have selected for my analysis is the cabinet led by Gerhard Schröder (1998 - 2005) who challenged the romanticized perception of the German nation as a "nation of descent" by saying that "Germany is a country of immigration." Secondly, I focus on the chancellorship of Angela Merkel whose approach toward the Syrian asylum seekers in the context of the current migration crisis (9/2015 - 11/2016) has been called "Wilkommenskutlur" (or "Welcome culture"). Nonetheless, by studying the policies related to immigration as well as governments' discourses, I argue that in both cases, immigration and multiculturalism are indeed linked to security issues. Hence, immigrants are perceived as a threat to Germany's national security and its identity.
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The Social Democratic Party of Germany 1998 - 2013: From Triumph to Crisis?
Schmiedová, Petra ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the federal election result of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 2009, in which the party scored its lowest post-war result. The author tries to describe the factors which caused this electoral disaster. From its establishment the SPD went through a lot of changes, as did the whole society. From a party of workers, who fought for their extended rights, the SPD became a party defending three fundamental values - freedom, justice and solidarity - for everyone. However, in the 1980s the party was forced to abandon the Keynesian economic model, to which she owed her success in the field of economics. It was necessary for the party to adapt to new neoliberal economic theories. After 16 years in opposition the SPD achieved a triumph in federal elections in 1998, when Gerhard Schröder became the new chancellor. Schröder was known as a supporter of the so-called Third Way. Under his leadership 1998 - 2005 the SPD was directed towards the political middle ground in an attempt to reach as many votes as possible. However, new political direction led to a crisis in the party and to a cleaving of the party left. Since 2005 the party has been dealing with several strategic problems, to which no answers have yet been found. This manifests in decreasing polling...
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The Social Democratic Party of Germany 1998 - 2013: From Triumph to Crisis?
Schmiedová, Petra ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the federal election result of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 2009, in which the party scored its lowest post-war result. The author tries to describe the factors which caused this electoral disaster. From its establishment the SPD went through a lot of changes, as did the whole society. From a party of workers, who fought for their extended rights, the SPD became a party defending three fundamental values - freedom, justice and solidarity - for everyone. However, in the 1980s the party was forced to abandon the Keynesian economic model, to which she owed her success in the field of economics. It was necessary for the party to adapt to new neoliberal economic theories. After 16 years in opposition the SPD achieved a triumph in federal elections in 1998, when Gerhard Schröder became the new chancellor. Schröder was known as a supporter of the so-called Third Way. Under his leadership 1998 - 2005 the SPD was directed towards the political middle ground in an attempt to reach as many votes as possible. However, new political direction led to a crisis in the party and to a cleaving of the party left. Since 2005 the party has been dealing with several strategic problems, to which no answers have yet been found. This manifests in decreasing polling...
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Security policy dimension of arms exports - the cases of the Helmut Kohl and the Gerhad Schröder governments 1989-2005
Kufčák, Jakub ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis addressed the arms export control in the Federal Republic of Germany during the tenure of chancellor Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schröder between 1989 and 2005. To this end this thesis elaborated an analytical framework, which analyses this phenomenon thought government arms export policy. Due to lack of preceding research in this area it was necessary to devote significant space for conceptual definition of the arms export policy and contextualization of analytical framework. It was argued that arms export policy of the Federal Republic of Germany should be analyzed as a passive sub-category within security policy. Analytical framework employed to analyze the period between 1989 and 2005 thus reflected four factors or standpoints that exert influence on arms export policy (foreign pressures, security policy, European coordination and legislative and institutional framework). This thesis designed as disciplined interpretive case study posited two hypothesis based on concepts that have been partially applied to arms export phenomenon in different context and time period. First hypothesis concerns the nature of change of arms exports control, which was supposed to change between periods restriction and relaxation of export control. Second hypothesis postulates the nature of change of arms exports...
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Security policy dimension of arms exports - the cases of the Helmut Kohl and the Gerhad Schröder governments 1989-2005
Kufčák, Jakub ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Novotný, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis addressed the arms export control in the Federal Republic of Germany during the tenure of chancellor Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schröder between 1989 and 2005. To this end this thesis elaborated an analytical framework, which analyses this phenomenon thought government arms export policy. Due to lack of preceding research in this area it was necessary to devote significant space for conceptual definition of the arms export policy and contextualization of analytical framework. It was argued that arms export policy of the Federal Republic of Germany should be analyzed as a passive sub-category within security policy. Analytical framework employed to analyze the period between 1989 and 2005 thus reflected four factors or standpoints that exert influence on arms export policy (foreign pressures, security policy, European coordination and legislative and institutional framework). This thesis designed as disciplined interpretive case study posited two hypothesis based on concepts that have been partially applied to arms export phenomenon in different context and time period. First hypothesis concerns the nature of change of arms exports control, which was supposed to change between periods restriction and relaxation of export control. Second hypothesis postulates the nature of change of arms exports...
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Rise of Renewable Energies in the Government of Gerhard Schröder 1998-2005
Lohnertová, Daniela ; Šafařík, Petr (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyse the causes leading to the German 'green energy revolution'. The elections to the Bundestag in 1998 brought a significant change to the German political scene. By creating a coalition consisting of representatives of the social democrats and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, the sixteen years old coalition of CDU / CSU and FDP was interrupted. This break was the result of a long-term societal development and the impact of the anti-nuclear movement, which started its forming at the beginning of the 70th years. This phenomenon is described in the first chapter of this work. The red-green government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder enforced promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources and the gradual restriction of nuclear energy. The historical turning point in the conception of the Energy Policy brought the Renewable Energy Act, which sets fixed feed-in tariffs for electricity from renewable sources. It entered into force in the year 2000. The intensions that led to this decision are examined in the second chapter. A new concept of financing the social security system by implementation of an ecotax (Ökosteuer) and the development of innovative technologies designed by German industry count to the main reasons. Despite initial disagreements between the...
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Securitization of Immigration and Multiculturalism: The Case Study of Germany
Nguyen, Van Anh ; Šánová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the process of securitization of immigration and multiculturalism within the framework of migration, immigration and integration policies focusing on the case of Germany. Using the migration-security nexus as a primary theoretical foundation, I argue that within the policies and legislations related to immigration, German governments ultimately perceive immigration as a threat at the level of state security as well as Germany's national identity. The first government I have selected for my analysis is the cabinet led by Gerhard Schröder (1998 - 2005) who challenged the romanticized perception of the German nation as a "nation of descent" by saying that "Germany is a country of immigration." Secondly, I focus on the chancellorship of Angela Merkel whose approach toward the Syrian asylum seekers in the context of the current migration crisis (9/2015 - 11/2016) has been called "Wilkommenskutlur" (or "Welcome culture"). Nonetheless, by studying the policies related to immigration as well as governments' discourses, I argue that in both cases, immigration and multiculturalism are indeed linked to security issues. Hence, immigrants are perceived as a threat to Germany's national security and its identity.
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The Changes in Germany's Foreign Policy from the Unification to the Present
Benedová, Hana ; Šauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matějka, Zdeněk (referee)
Foreign policy of Germany has gained due to its special development in the post-war period some unique traits -- strong multilateral and westward orientation and civilian character. German unification became a turning point in this respect. The country was confronted with the necessity to find its new place within the changing international system. This paper focuses on the subsequent changes of foreign policy. Its purpose is to evaluate the change or continuity of these unique traits on one side and to describe Germany's new role in the international relations on the other. The initial step is to picture the function of bodies involved in shaping the foreign policy - government, parliament, individual federal countries and president. Further on the paper outlines the main events of German unification, restoring its full international subjectivity. The core descriptive part is divided in three main segments in terms of the personality leading the government, the chancellor. It first gives an account of foreign policy of the "Kohl era", continues with Schröder government and closes with foreign policy of Angela Merkel. With the view of the complexity of such a task the paper focuses on selected policy areas only -- European integration, transatlantic cooperation and partnership with Russia being among them.
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