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The development of the culture of remembrance of the Sudeten Germans and their expulsion in Ústí nad Labem after 1989
Masopustová, Sára ; Kučera, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nigrin, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to explore how the culture of remembrance regarding the Sudeten Germans and their expulsion developed in Ústí nad Labem after 1989. The author tries to find out what were the forms of remembrance and commemoration and which actors participated in it and moved it forward. The thesis mentions how the elected political representation of the city contributed to the commemoration or what was the role of the state for instance in establishing institutions or museums focusing on remembering Germans and expulsion. The role of the public and citizens association is mentioned as well. Since the culture of remembrance includes all forms of remembering, the thesis not only focuses on the important moments of the city when the commemorative plaques were first unveiled, but the author also emphasizes another form of public remembrance as culture or cultural heritage. Ústí nad Labem was historically shaped by the German population and at the end of the Second World War one of the massacres of the German population took place here, it is necessary to mention the historical context in the first part. The thesis briefly discusses the communist period, when the expulsion of Germans and the Czech-German past was erased from the collective memory of society and when anything that in any way...
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Historical cultural landscape of the deserted settlements in the Kaplice region
Baramová, Magdalena
The open landscape of the former district of Kaplice, situated between the Bohemian Forest and Gratzen Mountains on the Czech-Austrian border, has stimulated economic and cultural exchange between the two territories since prehistoric times. From the second half of the 13th century until the events after the Second World War, the region was predominantly inhabited by German-speaking population, but after the displacement the area underwent a turbulent development. Within a few years, socio-demographic changes have got imprinted in the landscape, and today several overlapping phenomena can be observed, which together reflect the process of transformation of the area. At the beginning of the 1950s, many settlements disappeared as a result of under-population and the construction of the Iron Curtain. Nevertheless, there are still remains of the use of the landscape by its former inhabitants, especially in the form of relics of buildings, religious architecture, roads, hedgerows, landscaping, waterworks and other traces. The securing of the national border has brought a further transformation of the landscape, which has had a devastating effect on the cultural heritage, but on the other hand it has helped to develop natural communities that are now protected. Even after the fall of communism, the region has not reached the population of the pre-war period, so the absence of settlement continues to give the area a unique genius loci. However, the cultural and historical values of the landscape are not yet protected on a basis, therefore the paper seeks to introduce the values and emphasises the need to protect them.
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Postwar Expulsion of Germans from Liberec, 1945-1947
Záveský, Michal ; Konrád, Ota (advisor) ; Nigrin, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the post-war displacement of Germans from Liberec and its surroundings. In the introduction, the German history of the city is presented. It mainly focuses on the period of the Munich Agreement and the associated incorporation of the city into the German Empire. Furthermore, the work examines the events of the end of the Second World War and the liberation of Liberec by the Red Army. The next part describes the development and change of attitude regarding the issue of expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. After that, the work deals with the process itself and the organization of the transfer of Germans from Liberec. First, the disorganized expulsion that began in Liberec immediately after the end of the war is examined. This phase was often accompanied by violent incidents and organizational difficulties. Then the Potsdam Conference is mentioned, which was perceived as an intermediate link to the preparation of organized transfers. These transfers began in January 1946 and thesis mainly examines their organization and process, which was not always without problems. This phase of expulsion was officially ended in November 1946, but the transports continued with an additional phase that ended in 1951. At the end of the work, the immediate...
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The end of World War II in Prachatice District
Matys, Václav ; Koura, Petr (advisor) ; Parkan, František (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled The End of the Second World War in Prachatice Region attempts to use archival sources and other available literature to process the last months of the end of the Second World War in this South Bohemian town. Although it is a topic of the recent past, there are not many sources of knowledge in the case of Prachatice. The introductory part includes a brief description of Prachatice and its history, followed by the development from 1938 to the end of 1944. In other parts, he deals with the events of the first four months of 1945, when the Revolutionary National Committee was formed, refugee transports passed through Prachatice, the railway station was attacked by American pilots, and the German city leadership decided whether the city would defend itself against the incoming American army. The key part is the events in May 1945, when the city was liberated. Also mentioned is task 3. U.S. Army, which liberated Prachatice. The final chapters are devoted to the post-war operation of the American army in this region and the post-war removal of the Germans from Prachatick. The main source was SOkA in Prachatice, which provided the most important sources for writing the thesis. The information was supplemented from other, either pre-revolutionary or contemporary literature. By...
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Settlement of Karlovy Vary after the expulsion of the Germans
Slámová, Jana ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is the Settlement of Karlovy Vary after the expulsion of the Germans. The work examines the period after the Second World War, when the German population was expelled in Czechoslovakia and subsequently settled by new inhabitants. The first part of the thesis examines the post-war situation and problems related to the settlement of the Czechoslovak border. Emphasis is placed on agricultural and industrial settlement with issued decrees. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the settlement of Karlovy Vary, which, despite all efforts, had serious problems with the lack of people interested in resettlement. The arrival of re-emigrants and minorities from foreign or neighboring states with Czechoslovakia is closely related to this issue, so this thesis will also address this topic.
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An Image of the Years 1948, 1953 and 1968 on Pages of the Karlovy Vary Press
Gűttnerová, Kristýna ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Knapík, Jiří (referee)
Academic paper "An Image of the Years 1948, 1953 and 1968 on Pages of the Karlovy Vary Press" analyses specific articles from newspapers that were published in Karlovy Vary. In 1948 it was newpaper called Budovatel - List Čs. sociální demokracie and Jednota - List pracujících hraničářů. In 1953 we follow newspaper Stráž míru and Karlovarský kraj. We selected several articles which we analysed and described in detail from the perspective of content and thematic focus. We are looking for answers to the questions we have established in the theoretical part. In 1948, we look for references in the texts, for example, to the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia; new settlement within the areas Germans left, or we look for references to the communist coup in February 1948. In articles from 1953, we follow the information about the deaths of J. V. Stalin and Klement Gottwald. We also look for references about monetary reform in the texts. The work aims to approach the historical environment of the Karlovy Vary region from the perspective of the above-mentioned newspapers.
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Post-war confiscation in the context of monument preservation
Pastorková, Šárka ; Vajčner, Jiří (advisor) ; Uhlíková, Kristina (referee)
This thesis deals with the fate of the confiscated monuments nationalized by presidential decrees (no. 12/1945 and No. 108/1945) in 1945 within the Liberec region. The first part analyzes the wider cultural and historical milieu of the region, especially phenomena related to the expulsion of Germans and the issue of postwar confiscation generally. It focuses on the actual effect of the decrees issued by President Benes and also on the process of the establishment of state institutions for administration of confiscated property. The following part of the work is dedicated to the system of national administration of confiscated property of high artistic value (especially objects which belonged to displaced families). This part of the thesis is based primarily on preserved documents of the state organizations operating with the confiscated property after World War II, such as the National Cultural Commission (stemming from the so called Reinsurance Commission), or the State Heritage Institute. These sources include various directives, transfer protocols, correspondence, etc. Overall, the aim of the thesis is to provide a detailed analysis of the process of systematical gathering and administration of a property seized from displaced persons in a particular region in Bohemia. Keywords Liberec Region,...
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Justice or Retribution? Expulsion of Germans after the Second World War. Partisan People's Court in Lanškroun.
Kubíčková, Daniela ; Kubátová, Hana (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses one of the marginalized chapters of Czech modern history, the functioning of people's courts and expulsions. It is a qualitative study using both analytical and statistical methods. This works benefits from using both primary and secondary sources. Its aim is to create a plastic picture of what happened on the main square in Lanškroun in May 1945. This work follows a research of immediate post war period. In few months (not just in Czechoslovakia) took place changes which irreversibly changed a society structure. Migration waves, the largest in the modern Czechoslovak history, affected economic, political, cultural and interpersonal relations, and thus the overall character of society. Initial euphoria over again liberation changed quickly to commonly manifestation hate against Germans, collectively responsible perpetrators of war crimes. Before official government organized expulsions, there has been a wild expulsions, escapes and people's court. Also by the influx of inland Czechs to border areas there has been created till that time nonexistent reality, culturally and ethnically unified border region which influenced internal state organization and also significantly influenced Czech-German (and Czech-Austrian) relations. Czech and German population living after war...
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