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Bariatrics and diabetes remission
Pavlíková, Ivana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Löblová, Marie (referee)
Introduction: Bariatric-metabolic surgery, previously referred to solely as bariatric surgery, is no longer merely a treatment for obesity. In recent years, there has been an understanding of the complex metabolic effects that surgery provides and an expansion of its therapeutic use beyond weight reduction. It also represents a therapy for associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereafter referred to as "DM2T"). One of the main benefits that this bachelor thesis focuses on is the improvement of compensation and achievement of diabetes remission within 1 year after surgery. Objectives: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the different weight loss in diabetics and non-diabetics after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of bariatrics on the development of glycated hemoglobin values and thus on disease compensation. Finally, we focused on the review of cases where remission of DM2T occurred. The data were analyzed over a time period of 12 months following bariatric-metabolic surgery. Methodology: The research had a quantitative character and was conducted through retrospective observation. We analyzed data such as weight and glycated hemoglobin values. The group consisted of 38 respondents (18 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics) from obesity...
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How to motivate DM2 patients to lose weight
Hoffmannová, Gabriela ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Anderlová, Kateřina (referee)
The disease diabetes mellitus is reaching an alarming level worldwide and its prevalence is rising sharply every year. The Czech Republic has over a million patients with this disease. This is a major societal problem, where the costs of diabetes treatment, especially for the treatment of complications, are skyrocketing and burdening the economy. Therefore, we must look for ways to motivate patients to reduce weight, which can also lead to disease remission, better compensations, and a reduction in the development of complications in individual patients. People often know about a healthy diet and the need for physical activity, yet they often struggle with reducing their weight. The aim of this work was to find out how we can motivate patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to lose weight. In view of the development of motivational interviews when working with behaviour change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a hypothesis was established: An appropriate individualized motivational interview can positively influence the motivation to reduce weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To fulfil the goal of this work, both quantitative and qualitative research was chosen in order to use the strengths of both methodological approaches as much as possible. Quantitative based on an online...
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Healthy lifestyle parameters assessment in patients with type 2 diabetes mallitus and fatty liver
Halámková, Veronika ; Dvořák, Karel (advisor) ; Šmíd, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis assessed several parameters of healthy lifestyle and potential liver steatosis presence in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. In the first part there are descriptions of liver, pancreas, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further there is a characterisation of Mediterranean diet with its main features and health effects. Practical part is dealing with a questionnaire survey in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 referred to abdominal ultrasound examination. There were 19 questions focused on healthy lifestyle (consummation of vegetables, fruits, fish, use of olive oil, drinking tea or coffee, eating of sweets, and drinking of alcohol) and questions assessing knowledge of the Mediterranean diet, physical activity, duration of diabetes, family history of diseases of affluence and hepatoprotective medication use. Age, gender and basic anthropometric data and result of sonographic examination for presence of liver steatosis were recorded. A total of 92 patients (71 men / 21 women) average age 65 years. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 88% of patients. Knowledge of the Mediterranean diet was low (20% of respondents). Healthy lifestyle adherence was according to provided answers also unsatisfactory, despite the fact,...
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Knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus about nutrition and physical activity
Valentová, Lucie ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Hásková, Aneta (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the knowledge of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this work is to determine how well these patients are educated about type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on both the duration of the disease and whether they attend a nutritional therapist. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about diabetes mellitus. There is a marginal description of pancreatic function and the history, definition and classification of diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, its pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, screening, therapy and associated complications, both acute and chronic, are discussed in more detail. As part of type 2 diabetes therapy there is the most discussed non-pharmacological treatment, which includes dietary measures and physical activity. The practical part was formulated on the basis of quantitative research, which was carried out using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from November 2019 to March 2020. 150 questionnaires were distributed to different inpatient departments and clinics in Jičín Hospital. 106 completed questionnaires were returned, but 24 of them had to be rejected due to incomplete or incorrect completion. The research sample...
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Diabetic Diet and Regime Measures for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
VINKLÁRKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis deals with the problem of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It mainly focuses on a diabetic diet along with regimen measures. Four goals have been set for this thesis. The first goal is to map whether patients with type 2 DM keep the diet. The second goal is to find out whether they have regular physical activity. The third goal is to describe how the lifestyle of patients has changed after type 2 DM had been diagnosed and the last goal is to describe the current eating habits of patients with type 2 DM. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also describes terms such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. It also deals with diagnostics, complications and treatment of diabetes. It deals in detail with diabetic diet and regimen measures in type 2 diabetes. The practical part examines the observance of diabetic diet and regimen measures through qualitative research. The research part consists of a weekly menu of each patient and its calculation in the Nutriservis Professional program and subsequent evaluation. Each diet follows the total intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and mono- and disaccharides. The practical part of the thesis also contains structured interviews. The interview consisted of 19 questions that were the same for all respondents. The research sample consisted of 12 respondents, of which 6 were women and 6 were men. The results of the research show that the majority of patients do not follow the diabetic diet and regimen measures and some of them only partially. Almost all patients have made some changes in their lifestyle after diagnosis. These patients generally increased physical activity, reduced weight, reduced sweets, and eat more regularly.
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Bariatric surgery and compensation of diabetes
Patková, Barbora ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Peška, Tomáš (referee)
Introduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (hereinafter referred to as DM2T) are called the greatest epidemic of the 21st century. Its occurrence is on the rise not only in the Czech Republic but all around the world. Overweight and obesity are the key factors in developing DM2T, they are affecting the occurrence of the disease in men in 64 % and 77 % in women. Based on the observations, nearly 60 % of the population in the Czech Republic are considered obese or overweight. Bariatric/Metabolic surgery is one of the most effective treatments of the DM2T. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to describe and analyze the effect of each bariatric surgery on the patients of 3rd Internal Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General University Hospital and 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague within the first two years post-surgery. The same time period is observed to monitor the DM2T compensation depending on the type of bariatric surgery. Methodology: 128 patients were observed (including 52 patients diagnosed with DM2T), that underwent the bariatric surgery. The data were gathered from the medical records in the hospital's information system Medea. These data were further analyzed, processed and assessed in Microsoft Excel and also together with the agency STEM/MARK a.s....
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Health literacy in patients with diabetes mellitus of the second type
VLČKOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess a level of health literacy of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, describe the nurse's competences in the field of patients' level of health literacy and map the occurrence of podiatric outpatient clinics in Czech Republic. In theoretical part, we were discussing the health literacy in nursing, what the health literacy means and why it is important to improve it. We mentioned the education and the role of nurse in nursing and how this role is related to health literacy. Then we focused on diabetes mellitus type 2, its characteristics, prevention, development of disease, treatment and the most common complications related to this disease. The lifestyle is closely related to this disease, therefore the rules of a healthy lifestyle are mentioned in the last section of theoretical part. Research part was divided into three areas. The first areas consisted of interviews with general nurses working in general practitioner's outpatient clinics. The second area consisted of two research groups. One group consisted of nurses working in inpatient wards and nurses working in specialized diabetological outpatient clinics. Second group consisted of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Third area was created with two interviews and participant observation. The research was conducted in cooperation Professor Kvapil and two nurse educators who are actively engaged in education of patients with diabetes mellitus and they are trained by Lilly Company. The research showed that increasing of health literacy depends by the greatest part on patient him-/herself, his/her interest, cooperation and attitude to change of his/her lifestyle. The most active nurses in the field of increasing health literacy were nurses working in specialized diabetological outpatient clinics, who are trying to increase the health literacy particularly by educational sessions with patients. Mapping the presence of podiatric outpatient clinics showed that these clinics are available in each region of Czech Republic. It is very important to improve the health literacy of patients with this disease thereby strengthening their health and reducing the risk of complications associated with this disease. The results of the research provide information about increasing the health literacy in relation to diabetes mellitus type 2.
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What Socioeconomic Factors Explain Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence?
Makarevich, Veranika ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
The study aims to identify the influence of socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes for individuals aged 27 and older in the Republic of Belarus. We analyze data from the Diabetes Survey conducted by the Endocrinology Medical Center in Minsk and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus from 2011 to 2015. The association between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is examined using logistic regression with sequential adjustments for clinical and behavioral predictors. Our findings indicate that individuals with lower income and educational levels are more likely to suffer from type 2 diabetes than those in higher income and education groups. Moreover, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes decreases as income and educational level go up. Furthermore, this association remains significant even after further adjusting for various behavioral and clinical factors. In addition, we confirm that type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among overweight / obese, physically inactive and older individuals. These findings suggest that strategies for preventive diabetes programs should be focused on socioeconomic environment rather than on individual risky behavior only.
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