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The Trade Policy Review Mechanism: Shedding light on non-compliance?
Rosendorf, Ondřej ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the notion of monitoring mechanisms and their ability to identify non-compliance. The Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) of the World Trade Organization constitutes the main focus of analysis. The purpose of the thesis is to improve the current empirical account of the functioning of the mechanism, and to examine the extent to which the mechanism is able to detect rule violations before they are taken up to the court, as well as factors affecting this ability. From theoretical standpoint, the thesis draws mainly upon rational institutionalism and other approaches related to notions of transparency and compliance. In particular, the thesis focuses on the concept of the so called information systems in international regimes. As regards methodology, the thesis relies on the method of content analysis the purpose of which is to procure empirical evidence of occurrence of matters related to non-compliance in trade policy reviews. Thus procured empirical evidence is then subjected to statistical analysis, including logistic regression. The thesis finds that TPRM covers surprisingly large number of matters that later become subjects of judicially confirmed rule-violations at the WTO. As much as 72% of the matters that are eventually taken up to court are mentioned in trade policy...
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Adherence to pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis
Santariová, Martina ; Vytřísalová, Magda (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
ADHERENCE TO PHARMACOTHERAPY OF OSTEOPOROSIS Author: Martina Santariová Supervisor: PharmDr. Magda Vytřísalová, Ph.D. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy INTRODUCTION: Adherence is the extent to which the patient's behavior (using of medication, following recommended regimen) is in accordance with the advice of the health care provider. Adherence to pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis, including compliance and persistence, is still suboptimal. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was assessing of subjectively evaluated adherence with peroral bisphosphonates used to treat osteoporosis within Czech women. METHODS: A cross-sectional multicentre survey. Data collecting was carried out using anonymous questionnaire in five osteocenters in the Czech Republic. The research was performed between November 2012 and March 2013. Adherence was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire OS- MMAS (Osteoporosis-specific Morisky Medication Adherence Scale). RESULTS: A total of 363 postmenopausal women aged 55 years and older with osteoporosis or osteopenia were participated in the study. 133 (36,6 %) women used weekly dosage forms of BIS (alendronate, alendronate and vitamine D in a fixed combination, risedronate) and 230 (63,4 %) women used...
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Qualitative aspects of adherence to antiresorptive treatment in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Ravingerová, Aneta ; Vytřísalová, Magda (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF ADHERENCE TO ANTIRESORPTIVE TREATMENT IN WOMEN WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS Author: Aneta Ravingerová Supervisor: Magda Vytřísalová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy INTRODUCTION: Compliance is using of medication in accordance with a prescription drug regimen. Qualitative aspect of compliance represents use of drugs in correct way. significantly affects treatment outcomes.Suboptimal compliance The study aim was to assess qualitative compliance with bisphosphonates (BIS)AIMS: among Czech women with osteoporosis in common clinical practice. METHODS: Data collection was performed using anonymous questionnaire in five outpatient Compliance with fivecentres in the Czech Republic from November 2012 to March 2013. dosing instructions for safe use and adequate absorption of BIS was evaluated. : A total of 363 patients were involved in the analysisRESULTS (mean age 68.9 years). once a week dosing forms ofPatients were treated with BIS - alendronate, alendronate + once a month dosing formvitamine D in a fixed combination, risedronate (N = 36.6 %) or - Only 46.6 % of respondents from weekly subgroup were compliantibandronate (N = 63.4 %). with all five dosing recommendations in monthly subgroup....
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Adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Holcová, Radka ; Vytřísalová, Magda (advisor) ; Fuksa, Leoš (referee)
Adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis Author: Radka Holcová Supervisor: Magda Vytřísalová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Introduction: The insufficient medication adherence is a very frequent problem with chronic asymptomatic diseases as osteoporosis which significantly influences the treatment outcome. The successful osteoporosis therapy is based on adequate supply of calcium and vitamin D. A lot of studies are focused on the adherence to antiresorptive treatment but the adherence to supplementation therapy is rarely evaluated. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: The adherence was evaluated using two different methods: self-reported questionnaire and the electronic monitoring by bottles type Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). This partial analysis of a multicentre study includes and assesses data from Osteocentre in Pardubice Regional Hospital. Results: The analysis was performed with 15 women (the average age of 73). The patients were treated with Caltrate 600 mg/400 IU D3 once a day for three months. The adherence during the entire period...
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The readiness of patients after acute coronary syndrome for a change in living habits
Šírová, Lucie ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Acute coronary syndrome as a manifestation of ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of mortality. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine the knowledge of patients after experiencing acute coronary syndrome regarding proper lifestyle changes, and especially to establish their motivation to implement these changes. The research compared respondents who experienced acute coronary syndrome during the previous year and also those who suffered from the syndrome more than a year before the research. A quantitative method of research in the form of anonymous questionnaires was used to collect the data. There were 31 respondents who participated in the survey. The outcome showed that respondents who experienced acute coronary syndrome during the previous year knew less about proper lifestyle changes, yet they had greater motivation to implement these changes than the respondents who suffered from the syndrome more than a year before the research. The results reveal that it is necessary to engage in education regarding proper changes as well as in motivation at the same time. Since both these aspects are very important for the implementation of lifestyle changes, it is desirable for the respondents to be both motivated and properly educated. Keywords: atherosclerosis, acute...
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Dispute resolution within WTO with regard to the enforcement of decisions
Machátová, Mariana ; Balaš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee)
Resume This thesis aims to evaluate the WTO dispute settlement system that deals with disputes arising between WTO members. It focuses on the final stage of this process, i.e. the compliance process and the judgement enforcement process. The main objective is to answer the question whether the methods of judgement enforcement are effective and successful and assess any shortcomings and offer possible solutions to overcome these shortcomings. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the opening passage the role of World Trade Organization is introduced as well as the need for a dispute resolution system and the main principles governing the system. Various WTO bodies involved in the decision-making process are also described in detail. The following three chapters deal with the dispute resolution process and procedure rules provided under the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). The thesis explores all of the procedural stages of the dispute settlement and also all relevant procedural steps undertaken by the participants. These are not limited to the complainant and to the respondent but also encompass third parties and WTO bodies. The fourth and the fifth chapter of this thesis are dedicated to the compliance process and the judgement enforcement process either by means of compensation or suspension...
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Confidence in criminal justice and compliance in the Czech Republic
Homolová, Pavla ; Buriánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Podaná, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis is aimed at normative and instrumental aspects of compliance with the law and cooperation with the criminal justice system in the Czech society, namely trust in the police and criminal courts and their perceived legitimacy, personal morality and perceived risk of sanctions. Its purpose was to empirically verify the revised Tyler's procedural justice model of compliance as suggested by Jackson et al. (2011) within the Czech context. A review of literature on the topic implied potential constraints to validity of the model in the Czech society, mainly in respect to low levels of trust and legitimacy of the police and courts. Nevertheless, the empirical analysis based on structural equation modelling with use of two representative datasets (ESS Round 5 2010, Bezpečnostní rizika 1999) indicates trust in police procedural fairness to be - in contrast to fear of sanctions - a strong factor in predicting compliance. The obligation to obey the law shaped mainly by trust in procedural fairness and personal morality appear to be comparatively the most important predictors of compliance in the Czech Republic. The model was not significant in case of courts nor for the 1999 dataset, probably due to poor internal consistency of some constructs. Keywords confidence, legitimacy, criminal justice, compliance
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Patients' attitudes to pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis
Theimerová, Hana ; Vytřísalová, Magda (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Tereza (referee)
1 ABSTRACT PATIENTS' ATTITUDES TO PHARMACOTHERAPY OF OSTEOPOROSIS Author: Hana Theimerová Supervisor: Magda Vytřísalová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy INTRODUCTION: Patients' attitudes to treatment might be affected by various factors. These may vary in different generations as well as in different populations. The patients' attitudes to the treatment along with the illness may affect decision concerning the beginning, interruption or end of the treatment. That implies that the interaction between these factors and attitudes to the treatment is comprehensive. AIMS: The study aim was to evaluate the patients' attitudes to the treatment of osteoporosis based on the perception of necessity and concerns of treatment with oral bisphosphonates (BIS). METHODS: Data for the analysis were obtained using an anonymous questionnaire in five outpatient centres in the Czech Republic from November 2012 to March 2013. The patients' opinions concerning the BIS treatment were identified (necessity vs. concerns) using the Czech version of the "Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire Specific" (BMQ-CZ). RESULTS: A total of 363 patients were involved in the analysis (mean age 68.9 years). Patients were treated with once a week dosing forms of BIS -...
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Financial market regulation and role of compliance in the Czech Republic
Panocha, Tomáš ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
1 Abstract Financial market regulation and tole of compliance function in the Czech Republic The topic of this diploma thesis is the evaluation of the current legislative regulation of financial markets in the Czech Republic, the principles of their regulation and related supervision. The next part of the work is devoted to the complex characteristics of the compliance function and the concept of corporate governance inextricably linked with it. The subject of the compliance function is comprehensively analysed in the work to define its scope and the regulations by which it is defined. Although the compliance function is present in many areas of business activities, this work is focused primarily on financial markets and specifically on banking. The first part of the thesis describes the characteristics of financial markets, the need for their regulation and supervision. The second part contains an analysis of legislative and non-legislative regulation of financial markets, both at the national, international and European Union level. Special attention is paid to the CNB and its efforts to mediate legal binding for non-legislative acts and the associated analysis of their enforceability. The third part of the thesis defines the content and activities of the compliance and corporate governance functions,...
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