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Swarm Intelligence
Winklerová, Zdenka ; Šaloun, Petr (referee) ; Škrinárová,, Jarmila (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
The intention of the dissertation is the applied research of the collective ( group ) ( swarm ) intelligence . To demonstrate the applicability of the collective intelligence, the Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO ) algorithm has been studied in which the problem of the collective intelligence is transferred to mathematical optimization in which the particle swarm searches for a global optimum within the defined problem space, and the searching is controlled according to the pre-defined objective function which represents the solved problem. A new search strategy has been designed and experimentally tested in which the particles continuously adjust their behaviour according to the characteristics of the problem space, and it has been experimentally discovered how the impact of the objective function representing a solved problem manifests itself in the behaviour of the particles. The results of the experiments with the proposed search strategy have been compared to the results of the experiments with the reference version of the PSO algorithm. Experiments have shown that the classical reference solution, where the only condition is a stable trajectory along which the particle moves in the problem space, and where the influence of a control objective function is ultimately eliminated, may fail, and that the dynamic stability of the trajectory of the particle itself is not an indicator of the searching ability nor the convergence of the algorithm to the true global solution of the solved problem. A search strategy solution has been proposed in which the PSO algorithm regulates its stability by continuous adjustment of the particles behaviour to the characteristics of the problem space. The proposed algorithm influenced the evolution of the searching of the problem space, so that the probability of the successful problem solution increased.
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Players View on Alternate Reality Games
Váňová, Anežka ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Fousek Krobová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis examines alternate reality games and their players. These games are distinguished by a specific form of narration called transmedia storytelling. This type of storytelling divides the game plot into many smaller pieces. Those reach players in the form of different media formats and through various media platforms. There are various puzzles and ciphers hidden within the snippets of the story. Players must solve them in hopes of getting along with the storyline. These tasks require a certain degree of cooperation between the participants, which commonly results in the formation of gaming communities. Players usually need only a smart device and an internet connection to be able to join the experience. The thesis aims to examine whether and how these games affect players in their daily lives, introduce the communities that arise during the games, and reveal the communication practices of its members. Finally, the thesis presents the roles that players take on themselves during the games and it shows the importance they see in the use of transmedia storytelling within alternate reality games. These games can have both positive and negative impacts on players' daily lives, although the represented positives outweigh the negatives. The gaming communities have two main functions, which are...
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Original and Assumed Sources on World Wide Web
Svatý, Michal ; Brejcha, Jan (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on problem of authorship of the Internet content. It considers the question whether we can analyze the artwork purely as a closed structure of the symbols or whether it is necessary to take work as a broader structure. The first part of the thesis shows the Internet in general and its specifics it as a medium. The second part is devoted to the problem of authorship. It explains traditional view of Nelson Goodman, who examined the authenticity of artwork with regard to the internal arrangement of the elements structure of the object. The third part shows the later theories inconsistent with the views of Nelson Goodman, views of different contemporary authors who present the changes of authorship aspects in the environment which is under constant development, quickly sharing ideas and resources. New theories suggest to look beyond the authorship of the artwork domain, apply broader focous. The conclusion provides a synthesis of these views.
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Civic journalism and community discourse on the example of website Slavistickenoviny.cz
Minařík, Miloš ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis attempts to contribute to the general recognition of the phenomenon known as active audience that is generated by technical possibilities of contemporary digitalized media world collectively known as the era of Web 2.0. In this respect, the thesis follows the specific aspects, which accompany the transition from traditional ways of communication and methods of spreading information in the new and constantly evolving world of cyberspace. The thesis is based on the current general principles and theories, which are applied and compared in a relevant form at the Fan community site Slavistickenoviny.cz. The thesis follows two main directions. The first one focuses on the Web site as a product of citizen journalism. It deals with a comparison of the efforts of its authors with professional media outcomes. It also observes the rules, that are taken from the media and on the contrary evaluates differences. At the same time, the thesis deals with professional media taking over the amateur content. The second main aim focuses on a virtual community formed around the web itself. With application of qualitative research and discourse analyses, the thesis focuses on the search of internal mechanisms and the principles of the virtual community functioning. It reveals its overt and covert manifestations and...
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Civic journalism and community discourse on the example of website Slavistickenoviny.cz
Minařík, Miloš ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis attempts to contribute to the general recognition of the phenomenon known as active audience that is generated by technical possibilities of contemporary digitalized media world collectively known as the era of Web 2.0. In this respect, the thesis follows the specific aspects, which accompany the transition from traditional ways of communication and methods of spreading information in the new and constantly evolving world of cyberspace. The thesis is based on the current general principles and theories, which are applied and compared in a relevant form at the Fan community site Slavistickenoviny.cz. The thesis follows two main directions. The first one focuses on the Web site as a product of citizen journalism. It deals with a comparison of the efforts of its authors with professional media outcomes. It also observes the rules, that are taken from the media and on the contrary evaluates differences. At the same time, the thesis deals with professional media taking over the amateur content. The second main aim focuses on a virtual community formed around the web itself. With application of qualitative research and discourse analyses, the thesis focuses on the search of internal mechanisms and the principles of the virtual community functioning. It reveals its overt and covert manifestations and...
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The idea of autorship in the 21st century and the relationshim between fans and autorproduced content based on the reception of the final episode of the mass effect videogame series
Michal, Petr ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Reifová, Irena (referee)
In this paper, we look at a media controversy that took effect at the release of the third game of the Mass Effect videogame series. The fans hated the ending of the game and demanded the publisher change it, which later happened. The fans have thus been given a certain amount of power and influence that wasn't too standard. The first part of the paper deals with videogame theory - we talk about the expressive power of videogames and how it can influence people. With the help of Henry Jenkins and Pierre Lévy we then showcase several media theories which attempt to explain the relationship between the fans, authors and content. Central to this paper is a qualitative research of chosen internet forum posts where we have attempted to learn the reasons for the fans' outrage. In the summary, we summarize what we have learned so far and attempt to put it all together.
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Original and Assumed Sources on World Wide Web
Svatý, Michal ; Brejcha, Jan (advisor) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on problem of authorship of the Internet content. It considers the question whether we can analyze the artwork purely as a closed structure of the symbols or whether it is necessary to take work as a broader structure. The first part of the thesis shows the Internet in general and its specifics it as a medium. The second part is devoted to the problem of authorship. It explains traditional view of Nelson Goodman, who examined the authenticity of artwork with regard to the internal arrangement of the elements structure of the object. The third part shows the later theories inconsistent with the views of Nelson Goodman, views of different contemporary authors who present the changes of authorship aspects in the environment which is under constant development, quickly sharing ideas and resources. New theories suggest to look beyond the authorship of the artwork domain, apply broader focous. The conclusion provides a synthesis of these views.
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Online fundraising and microfinance in the context of social networks and Web 2.0
Richterová, Daniela ; Kera, Denisa (advisor) ; Očko, Petr (referee)
Identifikační záznam Richterová, Daniela. On line fundraising a mikrofinancování v sociální síti a na Webu 2.0 [Online fundraising and microfinace in the context of social networks and Web 2.0]. Praha, 2011. 102 s. Diplomová práce. Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav informačních studií a knihovnictví 2011. Vedoucí diplomové práce Mgr. Denisa Kera, Ph.D. Abstract The main focus of this thesis is to characterize online fundraising and microfinance tools in the context of Web 2.0 and social media. The main goal is to analyze and assess the existing philanthropic portals in the Czech Republic and abroad. The thesis includes a theoretical explanation of terminology, principles and technologies of Web 2.0 and social media platforms and their connection to online philanthropy. New phenomena such as crowdfunding, P2P lending and crowdsourcing are clarified. The analytical part focuses on the evaluation of fundraising portals Network for Good and GlobalGiving and microfinace portals Kiva and LoanBack. Czech philanthropic online projects are represented by Šance pro draha, myELEN, Daruj správně and Skutečný dárek. Particular emphasis is given to monitoring and evaluating the extent of Web 2.0 principles and technologies integration. The conclusions contain suggestions for implementing the findings...
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Prediction Markets - Trade Based Mediation
Randus, Tomáš ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kyjonková, Petra (referee)
Prediction Markets -Trade Based Mediation Tomáš Randus Abstract Prediction markets are a collective intelligence, crowdsourcing and gamification based information systems. They organize and validate a wide information imputes into a form suitable for medial purposes. There are a significant number of currently running systems provided by universities, companies and other oganisations. Prediction markets are in detail huge gaming systems with simulated stock market implementations. There are some controversies connected with political and strategic usage of those systems. The rest of usages like show business, sport, medical etc. are legitimate.
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