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Exploration of the tick-Borrelia molecular interactions by employing the transcriptomic approaches
MAHMOOD, Sazzad
Along with climate change and increased sharing of habitat, ticks are coming into more frequent contact with humans. The hard tick Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus are known disease vectors in Northern America and Europe, respectively. Along with many other pathogenic microorganisms, these ticks spread Borrelia sp. by ectoparasitic blood feeding. Borrelia afzelii is the major European Lyme disease pathogen spread by I. ricinus. Our study focuses on differential gene expression in I. ricinus salivary gland and midgut, induced in the nymphal stage by B. afzelii infection. Tick genes upregulated by infection are considered to play essential roles for the acquisition, persistence, and transmission of Borrelia. We have determined 32,897 full length sequences of tick mRNA from B. afzelii infected/noninfected tick salivary glands and the whole body. In addition, we have obtained MACEseq (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends) from both midgut and salivary glands while the nymphs were non-infected or infected with B. afzelii during three different phases of blood-feeding. From the MACE database, we obtained 250-500 bp 3'-end sequences with raw quantitative expression values. Total reads, unique sequences and protein coding tick genes from midgut samples were 38,199,641, 88,825 and 24,276, and from salivary gland were 74,651,134, 93,096 and 26,179, respectively. After filtering, using several criteria, expression was validated by qPCR. Hence, the validated genes may most likely interact with Borrelia in its acquisition, persistence, or transmission to the vertebrate host. In our study, RNA interference approaches and vaccination were implemented in order to investigate the impact of upregulated tick midgut and salivary gland genes on Borrelia transmission to C3H mice.
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Tick-Borne Diseases - Knowledge of High School Students
Vlček, Karel ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Tick-borne diseases are caused by a group of pathogenic microorganisms which are transmitted between animal and human population by vector which is most frequently tick. Evaluation of danger and perils of these diseases is important due to prevention and monitoring of current situation development. The most common tick-borne diseases in the Czech Republic are borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis and ehrlichiosis. Rarely can we encounter bartonellosis, babesiosis, rickettsiosis and tularemia. All these diseases can have serious consequences and in critical cases they can result in death of the infected person. One of the basic and the most important of preventive measures which lower the risk of the infection by any tick-borne disease is prevention of tick encounter and eventually vaccination. Due to continual global warming we can expect that in near future ticks will spread even to locations which have been so far not suitable for their development. We can expect that we will even more frequently encounter tick-borne diseases - including diseases which were formerly not found in our territory or were very rare. As a part of health education it will be needed more to get known basic information of tick-borne diseases and their prevention. Different educational centres are an ideal place for...
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Molecular Docking Study Of Potential Drug Candidates Against Borreliosis
Koščová, Pavlína
Lyme borreliosis is one of the most common tick-borne infections, for which there is an extensive need to find a new drug. For this purpose our in silico docking study was carried out to identify drug-likeness of chosen small molecules – potential borreliosis drugs. Its results revealed that BesA compound (C2 form) – a membrane fusion protein present in Borrelia burgdorferi, can play a significant role as a possible drug target compound and therefore it should be further examined in development of potential drugs for Lyme borreliosis treatment.
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The Castor Bean Tick (Ixodes ricinus) in Education
Němec, Radek ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
The aim of this work is to point out the interconnectedness of human life with parasitic organisms, especially with the Castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus). This tick forms an integral part of our rich invertebrate fauna and has become an increasingly frequent interest of media in the last few decades. This thesis attempts to bring closer the relationship between tick and man from different perspectives, and to reveal essence as well as pitfalls of tick life. For many people, this arthropod represents an insurmountable resource of aversion and fear. Hence, an integral part of the thesis is the introduction of prevention methods and treatment of parasitic diseases transmitted by the tick, as well as monitoring of new trends in the therapy and development of vaccines. Also, the text offers a proposal how to bring the tick closer to the pupils in teaching Biology. KEYWORDS The Castor bean tick, parasite-host relationship, life cycle, encephalitis, borreliosis, collection methods
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Gene expression and infectivity of \kur{Borrelia afzelii} in the course of tick feeding
POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Tereza
Borrelia afzelii differential gene expression in the course of tick blood-feeding, and during chronic infection in mice was studied. Temperature effect on B. afzelii gene expression and infectivity was investigated. Infection rates of mice immunized with B. afzelii tick gut antigen at various stages of tick blood-intake were analyzed. This work was funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, Project No. 17-27393S to Radek Šíma.
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Tick-Borne Diseases - Knowledge of High School Students
Vlček, Karel ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
Tick-borne diseases are caused by a group of pathogenic microorganisms which are transmitted between animal and human population by vector which is most frequently tick. Evaluation of danger and perils of these diseases is important due to prevention and monitoring of current situation development. The most common tick-borne diseases in the Czech Republic are borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis and ehrlichiosis. Rarely can we encounter bartonellosis, babesiosis, rickettsiosis and tularemia. All these diseases can have serious consequences and in critical cases they can result in death of the infected person. One of the basic and the most important of preventive measures which lower the risk of the infection by any tick-borne disease is prevention of tick encounter and eventually vaccination. Due to continual global warming we can expect that in near future ticks will spread even to locations which have been so far not suitable for their development. We can expect that we will even more frequently encounter tick-borne diseases - including diseases which were formerly not found in our territory or were very rare. As a part of health education it will be needed more to get known basic information of tick-borne diseases and their prevention. Different educational centres are an ideal place for...
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