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Care for children with autism spectrum disorders in the home environment
FLORIÁNOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the care for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the home environment. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The historical development, classification, characteristics, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorders are discussed in the theoretical part. The most important chapter of this theoretical part is family and care in the home environment. It describes a family and a child with ASD, as well as homesharing, needs, the role of the paediatric nurse in care and specifics in the area of self-care. The practical part and the objectives are focused on the specifics of care in the home environment, the needs of children with autism spectrum disorders and also how the paediatric nurse participates in the care. A qualitative research method was used to conduct the research using semi-structured interviews with eight mothers and two paediatric nurses. The interviews were recorded anonymously on a dictaphone and then transcribed into written form. The survey results were coded using the "pencil and paper" method, and nine categories and several subcategories were subsequently created. Specifically, the following categories were created: Diagnosis, Information Resources about Care, Care in the Home Environment, Homesharing, Reactions to Change and Strangers, Communication, Needs, Specifics of Care in the Home Environment and Paediatric Nurse and Care for a Child with ASD. The results are divided into well-arranged charts and diagrams The research showed that the care of children with ASD in the home environment is individual and often demanding. Mothers also reported that they were not satisfied with the information about home care because no one talked to them about this issue. The most common problem is self-care because most children with ASD need help with everything, whether it is dressing, eating, going to the toilet or hygiene. Another specificity in the care is hypersensitivity, for example to various colours, shapes or materials. Communication with these children is also very hard, as they communicate especially in a non-verbal or visual way through the use of special objects. Also the observance of rituals before sleeping or eating is very specific for children with ASD. The children with ASD have biological, social and psychological needs. In many cases, however, these children with ASD do not feel the biological needs, so their parents have to look after them. The paediatric nurses participate in the care by educating the parents and trying to support them in whatever is needed. If a child with ASD visits a General practitioner's surgery for children and adolescents or a dentist's surgery, the nurse should always try to respect the child's rituals.
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Možný vliv genových variant v genu COMT na projevy ADHD a/nebo ASD
ŠMELCOVÁ, Miroslava
This work is focused on examining the influence of the COMT gene in two diseases: ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and ASD (autism spectrum disorder). Autism spectrum disorder is a behavioral syndrome characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired communication, and abnormalities in behavior, interests, and play. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disease that causes problems mainly in the area of concentration, adjustment of activity and excessive impulsivity. Both mentioned diseases can be genetically conditioned, and therefore this work is focused on researching the frequency representation of gene variants responsible for low or high levels of dopamine in people with autism spectrum disorder and with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared to the control population. We performed a genetic analysis on two polymorphisms of the COMT gene, namely the more well-known rs4680 and rs4818. The analysis itself included DNA isolation, PCR amplification, control of the PCR product using gel electrophoresis, purification and sequencing of the PCR product and, in the last step, evaluation of the DNA sequence. Based on our results in the laboratory, we did not confirm the hypothesis that the above polymorphisms in the COMT gene represent a risk factor for ASD and ADHD. Our results were probably influenced by the small number of people in the monitored groups, but even this work helped in a small fragment to understand the cause of the complicated pathology of these diseases.
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Contact assistance in teaching swimming to children with autism spectrum disorders
Nováková, Linda ; Hubená, Kristýna (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
Title: Contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with autism spectrum disorder Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the issue of contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with autism spectrum disorder. The intention was to obtain information about the use of contact assistance from organisations or swimming schools that deal with the issue of contact assistance in swimming lessons through a questionnaire. On the basis of the data obtained, we then created a pictorial material on the form of contact assistance in swimming lessons for this population. Methods: The research was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain the necessary information about the use of contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with ASD in the Czech Republic. Participant observation was used in direct participation in swimming lessons. A pictorial material was created from this lesson. Using non- participant observation, analysis of the pictorial material was carried out. Results: From the results of the research it is evident that the use of contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with ASD is justified. The responses evaluated from the questionnaire survey show a prevalence of positive effects on swimmers....
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Foster care for children with autism spectrum disorder
PROSNEROVÁ, Sára
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of foster care for children with autism spectrum disorder. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part describes the basic characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, the symptomatology of this disorder and its classification according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10. The theoretical part characterizes long-term foster care together with a description of the process of this type of foster care. The practical part focuses on the description of the foster parent overall experience with taking a child with autism spectrum disorder into foster care. A qualitative method was used for the research. Data collection was realized by in-depth interview.
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Problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder
Kubásková, Monika ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. It defines the term autism spectrum disorders, brief description and the prevalence. It also discusses the problem behavior, the definition and specific examples. Attention is also paid to the causes and role of this behavior for children. It describes the most common problem behaviors and interventions that work with it. The theoretical part concludes with a chapter devoted to applied behavioral analysis, which is working with problem behavior very successful. Briefly outlines the history of this therapeutic approach, its basic principles when working with problem behavior and possible negatives. The empirical part contains a research proposal, which is thematically linked to previous findings. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Problems of Autism Spectrum Disorders from the perspective of pediatricians
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of autism spectrum disorders from the perspective of pediatricians. The aim of this thesis is to identify how general practitioners for children and adolescents in the South Bohemia region carry out screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders in their practices and how they proceed in case of a positive result. The sub-objective was to find out what general practitioners for children and adolescents see as the biggest problem in the diagnostic process for these children. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to individual autism spectrum disorders, the second chapter explains the so-called "triad" of problem areas, the third describes screening and diagnostic tools, and the last chapter focuses on the possibilities of care for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The practical part is conducted through qualitative research and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from pediatric and adolescent general practitioners. Furthermore, two case studies of children with autism spectrum disorder are presented in this part. Semi-structured interviews with parents and educational staff and a desk study were also used to collect data for the case studies. The data obtained show that general practitioners for children and adolescents perform screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders during regular preventive examinations at 18 months of the child and repeat the screening again after six months in case of a positive result. Child and adolescent practitioners see the biggest problem in the diagnostic process as the lack of specialists to follow up their work.
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