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Philosophical approach to life and death of people who were between life and death
Příplatová, Silvie ; Svobodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Prokešová, Miriam (referee)
This dissertation thesis goes into the depths of philosophical reflection on the nature of human existence and its relationship to life and death, especially for individuals who have gone through extreme life situations. The thesis explores attitudes towards free will, life and death in people who have found themselves on the brink of life, whether due to addiction, illness or other life-threatening situations. The aim is not only to analyse changes in these individuals' attitudes towards life and death, but also to explore the intellectual and philosophical development that may be prompted by this existential limit. Regardless of the cause of this confrontation with the limit of life and death, we seek to uncover how this experience affects the deeper dimensions of human existence. The work is based on the conviction that illness, although challenging on the physical plane, has an extraordinary effect on the spiritual sphere. It also highlights the impact of illness on the physical and spiritual aspects of the human being and seeks to show this by examining the works of great philosophers whose ideas have shaped the world. We will support this claim by analysing the works of important philosophers whose ideas have shaped our understanding of human existence. From Aristotle to Descartes, Nietzsche...
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Sport and its philosophical dimension
MAREŠ, Lukáš
The thesis is concerned with a philosophical exploration of sport and its role in a good life. It attempts to elaborate on selected key questions of the philosophy of sport discipline that also relate to traditional philosophical problems, namely, What is sport?, What is good sport?, and What is the role of sport in a good life? The main objectives of the thesis include adequately defining sport, clearly characterizing good sport, and clarifying the value of sport as a beneficial activity for human beings. The structure of the text corresponds to these three aims, with a chapter devoted to each of them. The author presents sport as an instrumentally and autotelically significant activity worthy of inclusion in the framework of a good life. In doing so, he draws primarily on philosophical works in the Western tradition of thought and on Czech and English texts belonging to the philosophy of sport discipline.
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Plato and Aristotle on the Functions of the State
Blecharž, Samuel ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is a critical examination in a comparative perspective between Plato and Aristotle, paying special emphasis about functions of a state between those two authors deriving knowledge from their own literature as well as other contemporary authors nowadays. This thesis natural goal is to provide its readers a comprehensive idea about a craddle of democracy in Athens that shaped western political thought paying special attention between those two authors and their ideas about proper functions of a state. Then I provide my valuable insights about the topic, considering similarities, differences and my opinion. The Athenian state, as it existed in ancient Athens, was one of the earliest and most influential examples of democracy in the history of Western civilization. The functions of the Athenian state can be understood through various institutions and mechanisms that governed different aspects of society and governance It is important to note that while Athens was a democracy, it was not a modern representative democracy. The functions of the state were largely carried out by a small subset of the population-free male citizens. Women, slaves, and non-citizens had limited or no political rights or participation in the Athenian state. Additionally, Athens was just one city-state in ancient...
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Socrates
TESÁRKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis deals with Socrates' work from available sources. The aim of the thesis is to describe the main sources from which information about Socrates can be drawn. The main part is devoted to Plato's early dialogues and their analysis. Furthermore, the work is devoted to the work of Xenophon, Aristophanes and Aristotle.
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Aristotelian Well-Being as a Contemporary Problem
Čechová, Alexandra ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
In this diploma thesis I am addressing the concept of well-being in recent philosophy as a phenomenon of our time. I also try to specify the role of philosophy in its research. At the same time, I am aiming to give reasons why this concept has recently become more and more a part of discussions in society. In the text, I link the contemporary conception of well-being with Aristotle's notion of a good life or the concept of eudaimonia. In two chapters I also discuss the ideas of A. MacIntyre and M. Nussbaum, who have commented on and responded to Aristotle's and the contemporary notion of the good life. Then, with the help of the two projects at Yale and Harvard that I mention in the thesis, I attempt to outline how the research on well-being is now being conducted and what the results to date have been. Finally, the thesis thus mentions specific activities and behaviors that have been empirically shown to have an impact on a person's overall well-being, and in which some correspondence with Aristotle's philosophy can be observed.
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Two Approaches to the Relation Between Science, Art and Human Nature. Aristotle and Jean - Jacques Rousseau.
Krutská, Ivana ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with philosophical thoughts of Aristotle and Jean-Jacques Rousseau and their views about science and art. It attempts to answer the question whether, from their perspectives, science and art proceed from human nature or not. Their opinions are very different. According to Aristotle science is a part of human nature because it comes out of natural human desire to understand. In the same way he considered art as integral to humans because it is derived from natural human ability to imitate. But according to Jean- Jacques Rousseau science and art make human nature worse. He claimed that we can't learn about human nature by observing people around us, but only after we understand how humans lived before they were changed by progress. He didn't include science and art in his description of the original human way of life because every new discover is, in his opinion, a part of destructive process of loosing simplicity of past times. The difference between Aristotle's and Rousseau's perception of human nature consisted, in my opinion, also in the fact that Aristotle made his convictions on the basis of his observations of the world unlike Rousseau who created the idea of the original human nature in his mind first and then critisized the world for it's differences from his...
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Socrates
KAVKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the person of the famous Greek philosopher Socrates. In the work is presented the life of Socrates and the context of the time. Subsequently, Socrates is introduced through four important authors - Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, Aristophanes and their works. This bachelor's thesis combines the portraits of Socrates based on the works of the above-mentioned authors, who try to capture the character of Socrates in their subjective style. At the end of the bachelor thesis is presented the subjective profile of Socrates created by the author, this profile is based on the knowledge of primary and secondary literature.
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