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Enthesopathies and physical activity in the Great Moravian population (9th-10th century) with regard to social status and living conditions.
Havelková, Petra ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Macháček, Jiří (referee)
7 ABSTRACT The occurrence of enthesopathies is associated with muscle insertion sites and physical activities. The aim of this work is focused on two basic target areas. In the methodical section, I tested two methods of enthesopathy evaluation (Crubézy, 1988; Villotte, 2006) and I monitored the influence of age and physical stress on the incidence of enthesopathies in a documented skeletal collection from Greece. The main aim was then the evaluation of enthesopathies in the Great Moravian population from the settlement agglomeration Mikulčice-Valy (9th -10th century) using the selected method and the subsequent interpretation of the results attained, taking into consideration the archaeological facts relating to the given locality. Based on the observed degrees of concordance between the repeated evaluations, I used Villotte's method (2006) for final evaluation. I proved the correlation between the prevalence of enthesopathies and age in individuals from a recently documented skeletal collection. I was unable to demonstrate the influence of physical activity on the incidence of enthesopathies. This is apparently due to the small number of individuals with manual and non-manual occupations. In individuals from the Mikulčice settlement agglomeration, I recorded a demonstrable difference between individual...
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Cementochronology and its importance in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology: a comparison between individuals of different climatic zones
Pytlíčková, Kristýna ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee)
In the field of forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, there is a constant search for more suitable and reliable methods that would allow the estimation of age and seasonality at the time of death of individuals. This work is devoted to the method of cementochronology. It is a method that works with continuously growing dental tissue - a cement layer, whose regular periodic growth is closely correlated with increasing age. The diploma thesis is based on 2 sets of teeth of individuals of known age and extraction season, which come from different geographically different populations - Czech and Malaysian. The group of the Czech population contains a total of 21 teeth, the group of the Malaysian population contains 11 teeth. Histological specimens were prepared from these samples and 5 sections were analyzed from each individual, in which the incremental lines of the root cement layer were counted and the nature of the last incremental line to estimate seasonality. The results of age estimation achieved by us in both groups, the Czech and Malaysian populations, were close to the chronological age of the individual. The average difference between these ages in the samples of the Czech population was 1,15 years, with the results being overestimated more often. The average difference in the sample of...
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Kinship relationships and morphological features of the human skeleton in genealogically documented osteological assemblages: use in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology.
Cvrček, Jan ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee)
The influence of biological relationships on the morphology of the human skeleton is a current theme in bioarchaeology and forensic research. Whether it is the discovery of kinship relationships in an anonymous cemetery or the question of individual identification based on familial similarity, research is limited by a number of factors. Above all, there is the shortage of osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation. Most such samples also include only a small number of individuals, and thus the number of different degrees of their relatedness is limited. Related to this is the lack or absence of methods suitable for either the exact expression of the degree of morphological similarity between individuals or the statistical evaluation of results. However, for this dissertation an opportunity arose to analyze several osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation from the 17th to 20th centuries, comprising almost one hundred individuals. This represents one of the largest such units in the world to date. The individual samples also include several cases of consanguineous marriages with subsequent generations. The aim of the first part of the dissertation is to propose new methodological approaches to expressing the degree of similarity of individuals based on different types of...
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Morphology of the mandible with regard to the demographic structure of the early medieval burial area Mikulčice
Thon, Tomáš ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee)
This Master's thesis focuses on the influence of socioeconomic status on the morphology of the mandible of individuals from the early medieval burial area in Mikulčice. This hillfort was an important center of power of the Great Moravian Empire with a stratified society. This work compares 2 different approaches on how to divide the inhabitants. The first of them is the division of individuals according to the location of graves into individuals from the castle, sub-castle, and hinterland. The second approach is the division of individuals according to the richness of grave equipment into individuals with rich and poor grave equipment. A different social status is associated mainly with different diets. Therefore, the attachments of the masticatory muscles are the most affected areas. A total of 132 individuals (59 males and 73 females) were analyzed. The material was evaluated by methods of geometric morphometrics. The used methods were CDP DCA, GPA, two-sample t-test, PCA, MANOVA, and SVM. Sexual dimorphism was observed in all sub-groups of the Mikulčice population. Men have larger mandibles with rami wider apart. The biggest differences are between individuals from the castle, the smallest between individuals with rich grave equipment. The distribution of individuals based on the location of...
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"Putting flesh and fat back onto the bones": A 3D analysis of the influence of body composition and mass on bone architecture
Lacoste Jeanson, Alizé ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Univerzita Karlova Přírodovědecká fakulta Antropologie a Genetika člověka Alizé Lacoste Jeanson, M.Sc. "NÁVRAT SVALŮ A TUKU ZPĚT NA KOSTI": 3D ANALÝZA VLIVU TĚLESNÉ KOMPOZICE A HMOTNOSTI NA KOSTNÍ ARCHITEKTURU "PUTTING FLESH AND FAT BACK ONTO THE BONES": A 3D ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF BODY COMPOSITION AND MASS ON BONE ARCHITECTURE Disertačnn prace Doctoral thesis Školitel Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Brůžek, CSc, PhD, HDR Praha, 2018 Prague, 2018 Charles University Faculty of Science Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics Abstract The understanding of biomechanics is essential to various studies in bioanthropology. Bone is a living tissue that constantly remodels in order to functionally adapt to biomechanical constrains. Long bones diaphyses in particular have been subjected to various analyses notably because the application of beam engineering principles has rendered possible the evaluation of their resistance to various directional constrains based on their shape. Body mass estimation methods lie on this principle. Body mass is partially used since the nineties as a proxy to control the influence of body size on bone's architecture prior to interpreting variations between populations. More recently, they have been used to estimate physical status (i.e. emaciation, norm, obesity)....
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Genotoxicity of organic air pollutants studied by DNA adduct detection
Sevastyanova, Oksana ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Stiborová, Marie (referee) ; Velemínský, Petr (referee)
heterozygotů.Lze Ííci,žeasociacehladin DNA aduktůs oběma genotypybyl pozorovánzvláštěpři vysokéexpozici k-PAU (l. odběr), coŽ je ve shodě s našimi předcházejícímivýsledky (Topinkaetal..1997t. Zár.ěrc.nrlz.. konstalt)\ll1. Žc. tato studie prokazuje,že D\A adu\lr r ]r::].:.':eci: oStrb erponor'anýchzvýšeným h!gJ!:..:: !.-!,!. ..j z::cčištěnénlor.zdušíjsou vhodným i.: :..:.-l..::::.-: . ;:cxr aktirnídál.ky'př.ínronaznačujícím,zda '..' r. .] '\.]. zlcc tětt-ttolátkámje neboneníspojenase zvýšeným -. ..:-:*:,:.':]iIrra karcinogennímrizikem. zÁvĚny In vitro studie . Nebuněčný systém Ve spojení s citlivou metodou 3,P- postlabelingu je vhodným modelovým systémem pro stanovenígenotoxickéhopotenciálu EoM, zejménaextraktů obsahujícíchk-PAU, a také pro rozlišování přímých a nepřímých genotoxikantů v komplexních směsích environmentálníchpolutantů. . Buňky HepG2 jsou vhodné in vitro modelovébuňky pro testování genotoxického potenciálu komplexních směsí, protožejsou schopny metabolicky aktivovat k-PAU jako nejvýznamnější genotoxické sloŽky EoM a vykazují monotonní dávkovou závislost v širokéškále koncentrací EOM. . Buňky HEL jsou dostatečnecitlivé pro stanoveníDNA aduktůjednotlivýchPAU. ale docházíu nich k silnéinhibici tvorbyaduktův podmínkáchmodelovýchsměsíPAU a také jsouméněcitlivév reálnj'chEo\Í. o...
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