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Dialectic method and one in dialogue Philebus
Černoch, Jan ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
This work focuses on the meaning of dialectical method in the context of preceding parts of the dialogue Philebus (discourse about One and Many, asymmetrical ethical controversy, examining of the nature of pleasure) and in the context of some following parts (examples of application of the dialectical method, remembrance from a god connected with the agreement on three features of the good, sketch of the panta-ontology). This method has from its perspective the universal scope and its task is to solve difficulties. But its principle according to which it distinguishes One and Many and also Determinacy and Indeterminacy needs to be explained. The initial One has meaning of the genus which includes species or of the henad which includes monads. Limits of the dialectical method are marked with the ethical perspective based on the insight into nature of the good and with the ontological perpective which introduces the cause. The good and the cause can be identified with the pure One in order to make from them supplements of the dialectical method. This dialectical method can be applied only to One which is Many or to One which unifies Many (the pure One). It can't be applied to One which is without any relation to Many or to Many which is in no way One. In contrast to the dialectical method the...
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Epoché and the Ten Modes of Scepticism
Křibská, Jana ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to outline Pyrrhonian Scepticism, its development and main representatives. In accordance with primary sources, I try to analyze the Modes of Scepticism, point out its similarities and dissimilarities and if appropriate, its validity. In the next part, two different interpretations of Scepticism are introduced, ethical and epistemological. Within the frame of those, I try to reason if and how epochē leads to ataraxia. Within the scope of presented interpretations, I conclude, that in the frame of epistemological interpretation, ataraxia follows epochē, not in terms of causality, but as a recollective sign. In accordance with ethical interpretation, I try to question whether the Sceptic is able to reach happiness and if, how it would be manifested in his everyday life. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Silence
Šterbáková, Daniela ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
Silence is a negative term denoting absence of sounds. However, our ordinary way of speaking about silence suggests that the latter is some perceptible reality, 'some- thing' perceived. But is it legitimate to say that we hear silence - absence of sound? What implications about perception does such a way of speaking have? The aim of the present thesis is to analyse these questions. The analysis unfolds along three axes. The first part of the thesis reconstructs the problem of perception of silence in John Cage's 'silent piece' 4'33" in context of its conceptual origin, Cage's aesthetics, and reflection of his work in his written texts. Hence the introduction of the problem of perceptible silence in recent thought. It discusses the thesis that we cannot hear absolute silence, not even in the soundproof chamber, and considers the question whether it is adequate to say that we can hear silence if we expect to hear music, but the music does not sound - a question that was raised by the premiere of 4'33". The second part of the thesis scrutinizes the position according to which we can directly hear/listen to silence which is the absence of sounds, namely the arguments of Roy Sorensen and Ian Phillips. Emphasis is put on Sorensen's theory since it is in direct contrast to Cage's position (though Sorensen...
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Marcus Aurelius and The Meditations
Wolf, Edita ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Mikeš, Vladimír (referee)
The classification of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius as a spiritual exercise by Pierre Hadot has been widely accepted and exerts a strong influence on any interpretation of the text. However, such genre categorization is by itself an interpretative choice excluding other possible readings. The present thesis offers a new reading of the Meditations based on Gilles Deleuze's interpretation of stoicism and on his philosophy of event. This reading avoids any genre classification and focuses instead on the text itself by analyzing the changes of linguistic person. The Deleuzian interpretation of linguistic person and his concept of event allow for explanation of this particular feature of the Meditations and thus for addressing the problem of person and individual in stoic philosophy. Furthermore, the Deleuzian framework makes it possible to explore significant, but up to now marginalized themes recurring in the text that are directly linked to the problem of individuation - non-tragic theatre and death.
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Human Life and Philosophy. An Attempt to the Philosophical Interpretation Epicurus' Letter to Menoeceus
Pech, Robin ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
The Epicurusʼ ethic is the field of interest of this bachelor thesis. Therefore, the one of Epicurusʼ own preserved systematical treatment about ethic, Letter to Menoeceus, provides the textbasis of this work. The analysis of this text shows that usual interpretations of Epicurusʼ ethic are missleading. Epicurus can not be understood as a propagator of some primitive type of hedonism and egoism. The central argumet of this bachelor thesis is that Epicurus should not be taken as a representative and adviser of private and quite apolitical life. Keywords: Epicurus, ethic, philosophy, human life
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The Sophists as seen by Plato and Aristotle, and their reappraisal by Hegel
Dovhoruk, Ivanna ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
This work is an inquiry of the original traces of negative and positive criticism of the sophists. Through the interpretation of the relevant passages in selected works of Plato, Aristotle and Hegel we will try to seize the main reasons that have led these thinkers to the rejection of sophistry, or for its appreciation. Thence, there will not be taken into account the Sophists as a philosophical phenomenon, but what Plato, Aristotle and Hegel say about them. At the same time we give up all criticism and evaluation, because we do not want to seek advantages and disadvantages of these opinions; we just want to know what they are. The first chapter includes four interpretations of Plato's dialogues Protagoras, Gorgias, Sophist and Euthydemus. In the second chapter we will try through the Aristotle's reading of the first fifteen chapters of his writings Sophistical Refutations seize the reasons for his adverse assessment of the Sophists. The third chapter examines Hegel's appreciation of sophistry, which results from his conception of the history of philosophy as a necessary process of evolution in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy. In the conclusion the results of inquiry and overall summary will be presented.
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Death as Harm: Objections Against Epicurean Conception of Relation to Death
Tesař, Antonín ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The thesis examines the epicurean arguments according to which death isn't an evil for the deceased and so it isn't rational to fear it. The focus of the thesis is the contemporary debate of these arguments. Our central question is whether it is possible to hold consistently the position equivalent to epicurean arguments and whether such position can stand against the criticism of contemporary opponents of epicurean arguments. After the brief discussion of historical epicureism the thesis examines four contemporary texts which criticize epicurean position. It concentrates on these questions: 1) the way these text interpret epicurean position, 2) relevancy of this criticism in relation to historical epicurean arguments, 3) convincingness of this criticism and its premises, 4) possible reactions of contemporary advocate of epicurean arguments to this criticism. Based on this examination the thesis states a number of commitments that the contemporary advocate of epicurean arguments has to hold to be immune to the criticism of this debate. Such position demands a certain concept of good and evil in which both are described as momentary states that their subject is able to feel directly. The examination of institution of epicurean friendship leads us to conclusion that such position also doesn't exclude...
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Aristotle's theory of cause
Bis, Ondřej ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
Aristotle's theory of cause being a broad topic, this bachelor thesis focuses on Aristotle's theoretical treatment of causes in Physics II. It undertakes a detailed analysis of its most important chapters (II, 3 a II, 7) and deals particularly with division of causes into four types. It also included the topic of causal modes. Equally, it deals with the repercussions of the theory for the work of a natural scientist, which follow from the division into four types of a cause. Aristotle's attitude to the job of a natural scientist is that all four causes are to be demonstrated to make knowledge complete. The thesis also deals with the status of causes in general and inquires both into the meaning of causes as real and constitutive factors of reality and the role of causes as explanatory factors. Among questions relating to the explanatory function of causes is a consideration whether it is not just a linguistic analysis. Another question is the foundation of the theory of four causes. In the core chapter of the thesis are separately analysed four causes in their mutual relations. Analysis demonstrates causal interdependence resulting in recognition of causal unity. That is why the aspect of unity is next followed showing first the unity of non-material causes. Efficient and final causes form unity...
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