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Towards understanding the culture of the Rif Berbers
Doležalová, Kateřina ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the Moroccan people, known as the Rif Berbers. Berbers were Morocco's first inhabitants, they are spread over the country, from the Rif mountains in the north to the Atlas mountains and the desert in the south. Berbers are still the majority today, accounting for about 60 percent of Morocco's 30 million citizens. But they are treated like a minority by the members of the dominant Arab culture. The interdisciplinary study explores some aspects of the way of life of the Rif Berbers and uniqueness of their culture, which is mostly threatened by poverty. Chapter 10 examines also the cannabis cultivation in the Rif region. Apart from my bibliographical research, I also conducted some additional interviews and observations for my thesis (September 2004 - January 2008).
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Language, adaptation, and culture
Novotná, Magda ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The main objective of the diploma work Language, Adaptation and Culture is to approach the question of an adaptation of a foreigner through the process of learning the Czech language. A foreigner being new to a particular society has to go through many unknown situations concerning his behavioral patters, his language knowledge as well as his habits and attitudes. I find this process of learning the new "know how" very interesting to study as it brings important ideas and experiences to the intercultural relations. This work particularly focuses on the role of "native" language knowledge in the process of acculturation of an individual. It consists of two parts. The theoretical part, divided into six chapters, is firstly dealing with the terms of acculturation and how it is perceived by both anthropology and cross-cultural psychology. Secondly the focus is put on the phenomena of a foreigner and the characteristic of the relation between "we" group and "they" group. The third chapter is dedicated to the question of a foreigner in the Czech environment, following by the chapter five introducing the origins of language as well as the linguistic anthropology as it is presented by the contemporary human science studies. The sixth part's objective is to briefly inform about the techniques of the qualitative...
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Hair as a text - on culture semiotics
Rejchrtová, Anna ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
In this thesis the author focused on hair and its symbolic meanings. The hair is a fascinating object with specific features surrounded by myths, magic power and poetry. The hair is first associated with sexuality, thanks to which it has become a symbol of fertility and virility. As a sign of femininness it is adored and appreciated in poetry and art. As a sign of virility and potence it is associated with mythological heroes. The Author has chosen some moments that link with this symbolism. In the part devoted to female hair the author is interested in erotic aspects of hair and its influence on social status and art of nineteenth century. Female hair is not only the object of erotic sensuality, its beauty can be also uncanny. The art of decadence and art deco introduces woman's hair as an powerful and essential part of femme fatale. The part about male hair focused on symbolism of supernatural and divine power. The biblical story of Samson has its roots in perception of long hair. As a symbol of revolt and freedom it became an important weapon of underground culture in the Communist Czechoslovakia. The last chapter is about hair and its importance in itself. The author has asked people with long hair about the meaning their hair has had for them. The attachement is created by answers of long-haired women,...
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Gender and culture in the context of equal opportunities
Doležalová, Eva ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee)
The purpose of this dissertation is an analysis of the problems of gender, especially as applicable to the media and the implementation of equal opportunity policies. As an employee of the marketing division of a transnational corporation, I had the opportunity, since 2002, to maintain regular contact with the media marketplace while, at the same time, tracking developments in the implementation of equal opportunity policies in practice. The theory-based introduction is devoted to history, terminology, and developmental changes of gender into a cultural construct that can become the basis for mapping the theme onto the Czech environment. The next chapter covers social aspects of gender, especially equal opportunity policies and the tools used to implement them. A separate chapter on sexuality attempts to outline the differences between male and female sexuality in a somewhat different light. A chapter discussing the interrelationship between gender and the media completes the theory-based portion of this dissertation. This chapter reviews factors that influence the socialization of a human being in society, but also the creation, reproduction and strengthening of gender stereotypes and inequities. Content analysis is an important data source for this dissertation, since it permits us to depict the current...
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The influence of the Catholic church on the status of women in contemporary Czech and Italian society
Zoufalá, Marcela ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
The object of the work is an empirical-theoretical analysis of the relation between institutionalized religious faith and the female role in the given context.There are several fundamental topics we have focused on in this comparative research: divorce, contraception, interruption, AIDS and preservative, assisted reproduction, the potential promotion of women in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church and duty of celibacy. The project is composed of two relatively independent parts. The concept of the first part forms a theoretical base, which should map the historical changes of the family institution, the phenomenon of gender as a cultural construct and the role of the Catholic Church as a significant sociocultural imperative. Second, the empirical part of the project requires survey-based research among Czech and Italian women. So far the questionnaire has been distributed in Italy (March - May 2005; the number of collected questionnaires from Italian respondents is 411) and in the Czech Republic (May - July 2006; the number of collected questionnaires from Czech respondents is 411). The next country where the research will be worked out is Slovakia (in the year 2007/2008).
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Complex and culture in relation to the motivation of personality
Opatrný, Martin ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Vaculíková, Michaela (referee)
Purpose and aspiration of the submitted rigorous essay is to contribute to less elaborated part of motivational psychology. Many discourses in this area examine human behaviour without particular consideration of intrapsychical problems, especially complexes. Its relevation and comprehension should help in understanding of human behaviour in general. This rigorous essay is focuses on the very broad and problematic idea of complex which is characterized as "king road to unconsciousness" by Carl Gustav Jung. The aim of the essay is to identify and theoretically describe the fundamentals of the complexphenomenon and to point out its relation to the motivation of personality as well as describe signification of culture, whis is very imprortant in configuration and final charakter of personality. The basic hypothesis of the essay is the presumption that complex might function as a positive motivational drive of human behaviour. That is the reason why it is necessary to analyze, theoretically and in detail, the process of motivation, too. Different from the specialized psychological works, this essay is to be seen from broader, cultural point of view and it summarizes both the new approaches to the field of motivation and complex and the older thoughts of the great psychologists Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler,...
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Cultural acts of extremism in the Czech Republic
Ptáček, Aleš ; Soukup, Václav (referee) ; Matějů, Martin (advisor)
This diploma thesis provides an analysis of cultural manifestations ofvarious extremist movements in the Czech Republic. Given the definition of extremism, cultural manifestations analyzed in this thesis belong exclusively to the so called political extremism. Even though, there are other instance s of radical extremist thought in The Czech Republic, such as ecological or religious extremism, corresponding movements do not comply with the definition of extremism as a tendency to replace the democratic political system with a totalitarian one. This thus focuses on right and left-wing extremist movements operating in the Czech Republic and also brietly reports on the foreign extremist scene solely as a source of inspiration for local movements. Individual movements are analyzed by their significant cultural manifestations, i.e. their image, dress-code, music, literature, art and design, symbols and by their presence in modem media and the internet. The introduction gives an explanation of the definition of extremism a basic introduction into the Czech extremist scene. Extremist movements are then further analyzed by their cultural manifestations and by their inclination towards right-wing or left-wing extremism. Each section includes a chapter dealing with the inf1uence of cultural manifestations of...
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Male and female aspect from a transcultural point of view (gender, sexuality, culture)
Poláková, Markéta ; Opletalová, Lenka (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
The theme of this diploma work is a theoretic analyse of relation among human sexuality, gender and culture. The text consists of three parts. The first part is focused on a brief analyse of selected topics of intimate and family live, which people face in almost every culture. Especially the topics such as an attitude to menstruation, virginity, passage rites, marriage, incest and homosexuality. The second, the most extensive part, contains historical journey from paleolit up to Islamic culture, in which changes in a look at woman and man in context of sexual morals stated at certain time and place can be seen. Society sexual morals - standard sexual behaviour - can be connected with religion beliefs. Most religions have deemed necessary to state the "proper" role for sexuality in human interactions. Different religions have different codes of sexual morality, which regulate sexual actictity or determine standards and sanctions after 101 breaking the standards actions or thoughts. In paleothic and neolithic time, woman as a symbol of fertility and adoration can be seen but with a passage from agricultural level of cereals producers to ploughs agriculture, man becomes more and more equivalent (and later superior) to woman. The last part is dedicated to examples of chosen authors from both biological and...
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Feminist anthropology
Purschová, Adéla ; Rychlík, Martin (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
A dissertation Feminist Anthropology introduces the branch of cultural anthropology developed in The Seventies of 20th century as a reaction to androcentric approach within this subject and science generally. It charts history of feminist anthropology, its intellectual sources, main theories, terms, scientists and methods. The main focus of the dissertation is on anthropological approach to gender - sexual identity shaped and shared by the culture. The central topic is an exploration, how the gender relations and male and famale spheres have been studied within cultural anthropology and how does the gender of researchers influence the research. Because feminist anthropology has roots in feminist movement, the dissertation initially introduces history and goals of European and American feminism. Feminist anthropology also has found inspiration in many anthropological lines, schools and in other social sciences, which it has used as a base of its theories or has reinterpreted it from gender perspective. The disseration offers view of these intellectual sources. In next part the disseration presents life and work of the first professional women anthropologists like Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Elsie Clews Parsons and Eleanor Burke Leacock. From the golden age of feminist anthropology it offers a view of the most...
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