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A Comparison of the Representation of Gay Characters in Superhero Comics Published by Marvel and DC in the 1990s
Dolejš, Jakub ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kýrová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis analyses the representation of gay male characters in comics published by Marvel and DC in the 1990s. Through a comparative analysis based on the data collected, the publishers' approaches to three aspects of the representation of homosexuality - that is, coming out, the subsequent representation of sexuality, and the topic of HIV/AIDS - will be compared. Five characters were selected for comparison from the two publishers based on certain criteria such as the number of appearances in the comics or the year of coming out about sexuality. For these selected characters, the author of this thesis follows the mentioned themes and then compares their subsequent representation.
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An Endless War: A Comparison of Three American Presidential Administrations during the Afghan War
Seemann, Šimon ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Infinity War: A Comparison of Three US Presidents' Administrations on the War in Afghanistan" analyses and then compares the policies of the administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump towards the war in Afghanistan, between 2001 and 2021. The focus is on the aspects that have made it difficult, even impossible, for the United States to try to build a strong state capable of functioning independently. The aim of the thesis is to create a comprehensive picture of how each administration approached the conflict in Afghanistan, how they acted, and what stood in the way of a successful ccompletion of the mission. Through a detailed look at all three policies, the thesis attempts to answer the stated research questions, to find out what are the main aspects of each administration's failure in the war in Afghanistan and define some similarities. The first three chapters of the thesis describe the visions, strategies and their subsequent implementation in the conflict. Each administration approached the conflict in a different way, which often shifted and changed during its tenure as the conflict evolved. The final, fourth chapter reveals the realities of the conflict in a different light, thanks to published government documents, and looks at the reasons that...
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The end of Roe? Mississippi's decades-long restriction politics
Žižková, Andrea ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This thesis aims to explore the circumstances in Mississippi and shed a light on the pattern of restrictive policies, some of which are in place for decades, that led to the ultimate ban on abortion. The Supreme Court agreed to review a case regarding the constitutionality of Mississippi's 15-week abortion ban from 2018 in Jackson Women's Health Organization v. Dobbs. This came as a no surprise - there is a significant conservative majority in the Court and the United States have recorded an unprecedented rise of abortion restrictions across the country. By taking up the case, the Court was expected to rule on the constitutionality of Roe v. Wade, a landmark decision from 1973 affirming the women's right to abortion. Mississippi's ban was ground-breaking at the time of passing, being the first state to push the time limit so low. After that, some states went even further, namely Texas and its heartbeat bill, banning abortion after only 6 weeks. This diploma thesis provides an overview of the most important judicial cases preceding Dobbs v. Jackson, namely Roe v. Wade and Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania. It also analyses the consequences of the restrictive and discriminatory policies, like the ban on common second-trimester procedures or the federal funding on abortion,...
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The problematics of the evolution of euthanasia and assisted suicide in the United States of America in relation to the development of global human rights
Kovalenko, Marija ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
My thesis addresses the question of how the issue of euthanasia and physician-assisted dying in the United States of America has been evolving in relation to the development of human rights. Taking a long-term view, arguments of the current debate on the issue of evaluation of both practices, euthanasia and physician-assisted dying has revealed the persistent controversial stance on moral justifications of ethics dissonance and the economic response. The point is to illustrate the scope of the dissociation by analyzing arguments and counter- arguments in relation to the question of the bilateral interweaving and interaction with respect for fundamental human rights and a synopsis of the ethics of dying that take into account the abuse of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. The interpretation of the development of the attitude of American society and the American medical diaspora has been reflected. In euthanasia and physician-assisted dying debates, analytical synopsis of the development of tolerance in American society in the context of rational choice in view of the economic, ethical, and religious assumptions and the possibility of an alternative option have been critically scrutinized. Given the ambiguous nature of ethical permissibility and legalization of euthanasia and assisted...
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Assessing Tsai Ying-Wen's strategy in the South China Sea
Gragnani, Lucia ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
Taiwan has been generally considered a moderate player in the South China Sea's tense waters. Despite its low-profile policy, the Republic of China (ROC) has one of the most extensive territorial claims in the South China Sea, in accordance with its 1947 Constitution. The ROC's South China Sea policy is influenced by Cross-Strait relations, which are the main concern of any ROC administration. This thesis investigates Tsai Ying-wen's approach to the South China Sea by examining its interaction with the One China principle and looking at its interplay with the New Southbound Policy. It finds that Tsai Ying-wen's administration has further de-emphasized Taiwan's claims over the area, for both domestic and international reasons. This approach strategically fosters the maintenance of the status quo and paves the way for strengthening ties with Southeast Asian countries and maintaining the United States' support, partially confirming Waltz's neorealist approach.
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Federal Police Reform Efforts During the Barack Obama and Donald Trump Administrations
Kraus, Daniel ; Mertová, Viktorie (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Policing is a highly controversial topic in the United States, with critics claiming that police officers regularly abuse their power and mistreat citizens, especially African Americans, with impunity. People of the opposite opinion believe that reports of police brutality are exaggerated and that accusations of widespread racism in the American police force are simply unfounded. The death of an unarmed African American man George Floyd in 2020 has partially revealed to the world how real police brutality in America really is - as well as how much this issue resonates in American society. During the riots, President Donald Trump was often compared to his predecessor Barack Obama, who faced a similar situation in 2014. and issued several comprehensive police reforms as a result. Trump was also forced to proceed with police reform in the tense situation. At the same time, Democratic lawmakers were drafting a more comprehensive and legislatively stronger police bill. This paper examines these federal attempts to reform American policing. Its goal is to analyse all of the federal police reforms that have occurred during the terms of these two presidents. The secondary aim of this thesis is to illustrate the differences in the approaches of the two presidents through this analysis.
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The influence of training program structures on police brutality in the USA
Janovec, Adam ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
The thesis named The influence of training program structures on police brutality in the USA, presents a content analysis of the textual training manuals that accompany both cadets and their instructors throughout the duration of training. The manuals represent the backbone of all training programs, encoding not only operational procedures, but also the ethical standards and moral values that police officers should adhere to in the performance of their duties. How these values are presented is a determining element in shaping an officer's perception of the police mission as well as his or her approach to the use of physical force as a tool for law enforcement. A neglectful interpretation of physical intervention in a crackdown on civilians has far-reaching implications for officers who, as a result, may resort to abuses of police authority and the perpetration of police violence. The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that there is a correlation between the content of training manuals designed for cadets in police academies and the rate of occurrence of police violence. The thesis devotes considerable space to the identification of the key factors behind the emergence of police violence, through the unification of current theoretical research on this issue. However, most space is...
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Donald Trump's Attempts to Influence the Operation of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and the U.S. Agency for Global Media
Mužíková, Natálie ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the influence of Trump's policy on American broadcasting abroad. The aim of the work was an objective evaluation of the influence and role of Trump's policy on the Independent Global Media Agency (USAGM) and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). The bachelor's thesis briefly describes the history and development of RFE/RL and USAGM, as well as the relationship of Donald Trump with the media and especially the character of Stephen Bannon. The following part of the work introduces the character of Michael Pack, along with the controversies caused by his nominations and especially his subsequent work as the director of the USAGM. The result of the research is that even though the changes made by USAGM CEO Michal Pack were fundamental and in the short term paralyzed the agency, they were mostly perverted by the advent of the new administration. In conclusion, the idea of influencing the media, which is now very current, and the question of the future of the agency and broadcasting stations themselves are emphasized. The bachelor's thesis uses the procedures of qualitative research, analysis of existing literature and synthesis.
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Bayard Rustin: A Forgotten Figure of the Civil Rights Movement?
Lochmanová, Sára ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kýrová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor's thesis discusses the life and role of the activist Bayard Rustin in the Civil Rights Movement as a forgotten figure in American history. Rustin was part of one of the most important key events in the fight for African American civil rights; moreover, he even organized the famous March on Washington in 1963. He was a pacifist his whole life, and he encouraged non-violent direct action, which was also promoted by M. L. King. Despite Rustin's crucial role during the fight for black civil rights, he was often sidelined because of his sexual orientation, communist past, and draft-dodging. The thesis through the biographical method and text analysis is trying to answer the question regarding Rustin's role in the movement and also the influence of intersectionality and his forgotten character. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first three chapters are discussing Rustin's path to his ideology, non-violent direct action, and to the movement itself. The next chapters are focusing on Rustin's role during the March on Washington, his break-up with the movement, and his views on the integration of the black community. The last two chapters are analyzing Rustin's sexual orientation and his legacy in the present. After analyzing Rustin's thoughts and his role in the Civil Rights...
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