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Fraunhofer diffraction by identical objects of the same orientation
Prokop, David ; Bouchal, Petr (referee) ; Komrska, Jiří (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with Fraunhofer diffraction by identical objects of the same orientation. Main objective of my thesis is description of Fraunhofer diffraction for three different arrangements of holes along a straight line. In next part, the problem of random distribution of holes along straight line is set into plane. The outcome of my thesis is determination of deviations from regular array of holes. Next part of my thesis includes a description of Fraunhofer diffraction experiment. In final part of my thesis are pictures of diffraction phenomena, to illustrate results obtained from model of random distribution of holes.
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Analysis and construction of an optical fibre tunable attenuator for telecommunication applications
Prokop, Daniel ; Eliáš, Josef (referee) ; Urban, František (advisor)
This paper deals with the possibilities of designing the module for control of the attenuation of the optical signal. The paper describes basics of ber optic transmission and beam e ects. Variants of attenuation cells are characterized in this paper and based on the ndings a solution of the module for control of the attenuation of the optical signal is proposed. Practical section of the thesis deals with the design and physical construction of module for control of the attenuation of the optical signal using MEMS variable optical attenuator.
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Processing of tomographic data by principal component analysis method for archaeological applications
Prokop, David ; Žídek, Jan (referee) ; Pořízka, Pavel (advisor)
Rentgenová počítačová tomografie je metoda sloužící ke 3D zobrazování vnitřní struktury objektů. Mikrostruktura objektů ukrývá důležité informace, které mohou být použity k jejich charakterizaci. Tato práce podává spojení mezi datasety získanými pomocí rentgenové počítačové mikrotomografie a oblastí statistického zpracování dat. Výstupem metody, pak bude klasifikace vzorků na základě informací o jejich mikrostruktuře. Z výsledků klasifikace vzorků, pak můžeme vyvodit různé hypotézy týkající se původu vzorků. Tato práce by mimo jiné mohla sloužit jako takový nový vhled do problematiky kombinace dat různého původu, pomocí metod statistické analýzy.
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Reform of social contributions for self-employed workers: an initial analysis
Prokop, D. ; Pertold, Filip
The study analyses the impacts of a total of three variants. The government variant was presented on 11 May together with other changes under the so-called consolidation package. Researchers from PAQ and IDEA come up with an improved government variant that optimises the published proposal, and then with the ideal form of reform. The ideal PAQ + IDEA variant envisages the abolition of the flat tax and the revision of the flat expenditure. It does not worsen the position of low-income self-employed with real costs (especially artisans), while limiting the advantage of high-income self-employed with small costs. It leads to a levelling of inequalities between self-employed workers themselves and between employees and self-employed workers, reducing the incentive to false self-employment. It opens up space for reform of employee taxation (the form of which we proposed in a previous study). It helps consolidate the budget and prevents a future social crisis caused by low pensions for hundreds of thousands of self-employed workers.
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How to save the state budget and correct the shortcomings in revenue taxation? Modelling the impact of changes to the personal (employee) income tax
Prokop, D. ; Kalíšková, Klára ; Šoltés, Michal ; Münich, Daniel ; Ostrý, M.
The structural deficit of the state budget is partly made up of a shortfall in tax revenues of about CZK 150 billion from 2020 onwards. In order to stabilize public finances, in addition to spending reforms, the maximum of these tax losses must be recovered. However, revenue can be strengthened also in other ways than by taxing employees. An estimated CZK 70 to 115 billion can be raised through other types of taxes. The proposed changes to the personal income tax (PIT) must therefore balance the expected collection from other sources and respond to other specificities of the income tax set-up in the Czech Republic. These include, among others, the small progression and the existence of a number of discounts that cannot be fully used by people with lower incomes. This leads to a relatively high burden on low-income employees with limited collection of the PTI.
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Victory was near, but the power of the bastions could not be undone. Summer campaign of 1758 and the Siege of Olomouc
Prokop, Daniel ; Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Stellner, František (referee)
The Seven Years' War is now considered by many to be the first conflict on a global scale, as it was fought in Europe, Asia and North America. The bachelor's thesis will deal with one important episode of it, namely the summer campaign in Moravia in 1758 and the related siege of Olomouc by the troops of Frederick II. This clash had a significant influence on the development of the whole conflict. It was only the second major defeat of the Prussian monarch in this war. More importantly, however, it put a definitive end to the Prussian chances of capturing Moravia and later campaigning for Vienna. Instead, they were then forced to retreat to the defensive and return to Silesia. The thesis will briefly explain the circumstances of the conflict. After that, the work will deal more with the summer months of 1758. The dispositions and strategies of both sides will be described in more detail, as well as their objectives and military tactics. Finally, the reasons for the Prussian defeat will be explained, as well as the significance of the whole encounter for the conflict between Prussia and the Habsburg monarchy, and consequently for the war as a whole.
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Stanovení kvalitativních parametrů dojeného mléka indikující zdravotní stav dojnic
PROKOP, Daniel
When only automatic systems are used for milking milk, it is essential to evaluate the quality of the milk, preferably in real-time, to maintain the high quality of the products and at the same time to detect health problems in the dairy cow in good time. By early detection of a dairy cow's health problem, which a change in milk quality can detect, it is also possible to reduce the cost of its treatment and eliminate financial losses du ring a period when we cannot monetize milk. To effectively evaluate the quality of milked milk, it is appropriate to monitor the following parameters: somatic cell count, conductivity, fat, protein, lactose, and urea content. The bachelor's thesis presents the levels of the quantities mentioned above, which indicate changes in the quality of milked milk, internal and external influences that affect them, as well as methods for their detection and evaluation
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Dynamics of Poverty and Social Exclusion in the Czech Republic: Inequality of Educational Opportunity
Prokop, Daniel ; Tuček, Milan (advisor) ; Katrňák, Tomáš (referee) ; Straková, Jana (referee)
PROKOP, Daniel. Dynamika sociálního vyloučení v České republice: Nerovné šance ve vzdělávání. Praha, 2022. 124 s. Disertační práce (Ph.D.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií. Katedra sociologie. Školitel: doc. Milan Tuček Abstract This cumulative thesis contains three papers focused on analysis of inequality of educational opportunity (IOE) and limited educational and social mobility in the Czech Republic. The first article analysis effects of parent's cultural, social, economic and human capital in different educational transitions. In accordance with the theory of effectively maintained inequality (EMI), the parental capitals and social status play the biggest role in accessing secondary education with GCE (high school with diploma) which is precondition to tertiary education. However, detailed analysis shows that poverty and low skills (HC) of parents have biggest effect in early phases of education whereas social, cultural capital and wealth of the parents are drivers of inequality in later transitions. Hence, the EMI theory is not in conflict with life course perspective assuming significant and waning effects of (some) parental capitals. The second paper analyses the relationship between inadequate housing and the school performance of children from poor Czech...
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Russia-Georgia conflict in Czech media : frame analyses of main newspapers
Prokop, Daniel ; Vochocová, Lenka (advisor) ; Iskanderová, Tatiana (referee)
The thesis examines Czech media interpretation of Russia-Georgia conflict, which took place in August 2008. It analyzes framing of the conflict in four main Czech serious-minded daily newspapers (MF DNES, Právo, Lidové noviny and Hospodářské noviny) in its main period (6th - 26th August 2008). As the paper is based on Entman's concept of framing, its general research question is which aspects of the topic were selected and made salient by Czech newspapers and to what kinds of interpretations this framing resulted. The thesis combines qualitative and quantitative analyses focused on the media content. The qualitative analysis was used for identification of frames, generating secondary research hypotheses as well as for getting a deeper understanding of how particular frames works. Quantitative analysis is then performed on whole population of the articles. It answers primary research questions (How was the conflict framed? What were the main differences in approaches of the particular newspapers? Did the framing result in pro-Russian, or pro-Georgian interpretation of the conflict? How was the framing transformed in time? Etc.) and tests secondary research hypothesis. For reduction of subjectivity in coding of data for quantitative analysis, Tankard's list of frames approach based on analysis of an agreement...
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