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Temporality by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. From perception to a historical subject
Turínek, Tomáš ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
The aim of the presented treatise is to give an account on the temporality in the early work of a french phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty, mainly in his principal peace of work Phenomenology of Perception. Merleau-Ponty understands the time here as a movement of temporalization which is coextensive with the existentential movement of the subject itself. On perception, intentionality or memory we will try to demonstrate in what meaning Merleau-Ponty perceive the subject and at the same time what is the role of time in his perceptive, corporeal, pre-reflective relation with a world. Subsequently we will be asking in what sense and to what extent can the time appear to a subjekt, i.e. in what manner can the subject apprehend himself as a historical existence.
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A fractal journey. Towards a symbolic phenomenology of the atomistic revolt
Molina García, Erika Natalia ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Bierhanzl, Jan (referee)
Abstract. A fractal journey. Towards a symbolic phenomenology of the atomistic revolt. We propose the construction of a particular narration of atomism since its beginning with Democritus (460 BC.-370 BC.) until this day. Not intending to be thoroughgoing with such a wide history but aiming nevertheless to be rigorous, we open a path through the long life of this cosmological drive running in every field of science and philosophy by using a method that we call "symbolic phenomenology", in reference to our principles and themes, our limits and possibilities, to the gestures of our analyzes. The four Elements, the numbers, the u-topia, the earth and the expeausition (Skin-Show, Nancy, 2000) are consequently developed as symbols to gradually fill the notion of an atom whose meaning in the usual language has been deprived of its past and of the discontinuity that we identify as its source. By this intuitions we go forward and we discover what it could mean to have an atomistic approach to the world and which the last sprouts of this approach are: Emmanuel Levinas and Jean-Luc Nancy. Both philosophers being in a constellation that indicates us a direction, a new philosophical possibility: The phenomenology of touch. Key words: atomism, symbolic phenomenology, fractality, phenomenology of touch, expeausition.
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Time and Suffering. Towards a Phenomenology of the "It was" from Nietzsche to Kundera
Kaiser, Benjamin ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
This thesis investigates the relation between time and suffering. This research is based on Nietzsche's phenomenology of the "It was", developed by him in the chapter "On redemption" in "Thus spoke Zarathustra". After the phenomenological reading of this chapter about time and suffering in Nietzsche's work, a second part will be dedicated to the reception, the continuation, the ways in and the ways out of this philosophical problem within the phenomenological philosophy and literature using the examples of Husserl, Heidegger, Levinas, Ricœur and Kundera. The third and last part of this thesis will bring the ways in and ways out, which were won in the second part, together in a discussion. Key words: time, suffering, will, "It was", existence, impersonal being, lítost, redemption, transcendence, remembering, forgetting, revenge, justice, pathic, the Self, the Other, impartation, phenomenology, F. Nietzsche, E. Husserl, M. Heidegger, E. Levinas, P. Ricœur, M. Kundera
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Appearing and Salvation. Subjectivity in The Material Phenomenology of Michel Henry
Černý, Jan ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee) ; Karul, Róbert (referee)
The doctoral thesis examines the possibilities of phenomenological philosophy to engage in the question of salvation in a Christian sense with reference to Michel Henry's material phenomenology. Henry's last three books signified a turn towards Christianity within his work and related the tension of two basic modes of appearing, assumed by his phenomenology, to the question of the life and death of a human. Material phenomenology strongly exposed the subjective pole of appearing and made subjectivity the stage for the story of human salvation. The thesis examines both the general concept of subjectivity in material phenomenology and the particular concept of a divine and human subject in the last three books of Michel Henry. The thesis follows the way Michel Henry creates the phenomenology of the inner- divine life; it examines the movement of a human subject from the inside of the divine life to the transcendence of the world, and then its return through the "second birth" to the divine life being displayed within itself; it enquires in what sense the divine and human subject are incarnated subjects; it demonstrates how the human subject is becoming a subject understanding the word of a divine life which speaks both within itself and in the Scripture. The thesis pays attention to the relation of a...
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Myth in Jan Patočka ́s Thinking
Veselý, Jindřich ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of this dissertation, Myth in Jan Patočka ́s thinking, is to explore the issue of the myth in Jan Patočka ́s philosophy. This thinker dealt with myth during all his life, although not systematically, and he discussed it in various contexts and perspectives. The dissertation wants to introduce development of Patočka ́s thinking from this particular point of view in its continuity and discontinuity as well, it tries to reconstruct this meditation and also inquires its function in whole Patočka ́s thinking and its coherence. We presuppose unifying centre of Patočka ́s philosophy, finite being ́s movement of transcendence, and we interpret the issue of the myth in its relation to this centre. We endeavour to depict Patočka ́s unfoldment of this issue, but we also inquire questionable aspects of his thinking. In our opinion there is certain fluctuation or ambiguity in basic foundations of Patočka ́s philosophy. His conception is weakened by questionable presuppositions. That leads to statements difficult to keep. Our conclusion outlines an alternative conception of relation between myth and finite being ́s transcendence and instead of impossible overcoming of myth we propose conscious adoption and responsible modification of indispensable narrative background of all experience. Powered by TCPDF...
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Towards A Mystical Subject: A Sketch On The Basis of Marion's Philosophy
Uy, John Carlo ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Canullo, Carla (referee)
This study aims to articulate on the basis of Jean-Luc Marion's philosophy a mystical interpretation of subjectivity. The first chapter follows Marion's reading of the history of metaphysics, in order to set-up the transcendental conditions of the mutual exclusion of God and the self. The second chapter takes up Marion's alternative to expand the field of philosophical rationality which metaphysics had limited. Marion proposes a phenomenology of givenness to overcome the limits of metaphysical thought. The final chapter attempts to establish a link between mysticism, understood in the specific sense of the primacy of the Good over Being, and the gifted, or the new figure of subjectivity. keywords : Jean-Luc Marion, history of metaphysics, phenomenology of givenness, saturated phenomenon, mystical theology
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Unreality and Consciousness of Image: the Emergence of a New Phenomenological Method in Eugen Fink's Dissertation
Coli, Anna Luiza ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (advisor) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
This master thesis has as main objective the exposure of the phenomenological method Eugen Fink introduces in his dissertation "Vergegenwartigung und Bild" from 1929, which will form the basis of the writings through which the young Fink was first known in the years of assistance to Husserl, namely, the VI. Cartesianische Meditation and the renowned article in the Kantstudien, "Die phanomenologische Philosophie Edmund Husserls in der gegenwartigen Kritik". A careful analysis shows that these works have had an important role in further development of phenomenology - what is particularly observed in the case of French phenomenology - but even a notable influence on Husserl's later work, as we can see in the texts comprised by the later text known as The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Both texts, however, are constituted on the basis Fink had already exposed in that dissertation, with which he received his doctor degree under the direction of Husserl and presupposes it insofar as this text presents for the first time the method of phenomenological inquiry undertaken by Fink and at the same time, the essential point of his divergence from Husserl's method for the phenomenology. The core of this new method lies in the revision of the phenomenological reduction's concept,...
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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Merleau-Ponty's dialogue with the science
Lockenbauer, Jan ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
The present essay aims to elucidate Merleau-Ponty's attitude towards science in his early published works. Being a phenomenologist, he refuses to understand science as a tool to discover general natural laws valid once for all and for everyone which are supposedly to be found in the reality inaccessible to our so called naive experience. However, he esteems the gestalt psychology because in his eyes this scientific field founds its conceptions on the lived-world without mistaking these very conceptions as only reality when compared the lived-world itself. We aim to apprehend Merleau-Ponty's attitude relative to these two types of scientific approach as a dialogue through which he establishes his own thinking. The research starts with Husserl's discovery of the lived-world, or, in other words, of the original soil of our experience preceding all philosophical reflexion as well as all scientific construction. This effort ought to helps us with understanding the reasons of Merleau-Ponty's critique of causal thinking and realistic science. In the next step, we will present the notions of "behavior" and "form" used in the framework of gestalt psychology. This elucidation will gradually lead us to the outlines of the manner in which Merleau-Ponty extends this psychological concept to the field of philosophy. Last...
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Subjective body and life. An Essay on the way of thinking of Michel Henry
Jiskra, Martin ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
v anglickém jazyce: The fundamental theme of this diploma paper is the phenomenology of the body which is related to the investigation of the act of the appearing itself in the works of the French philosopher Michel Henry. The phenomenological approach of this thinker is going to be defined primarily by the confrontation with intentional phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, which in the matter of the appearance keeps itself within the bounds of the relation to the world. This classical version of the phenomenology will be compared with Henrys phenomenology of the life. The life which is understood in such a manner is invisible or unapparent because it is radically immanent and never appears in the exteriority of the world. Anyhow, the redefinition of the classical conception of the appearance should make possible access to the most important and the most interesting thing for us that is to say to subjective or transcendental body, which appears and experiences itself directly in its affective self- experience of the invisible interiority. Therefore, the subjective body is going to be described upon these grounds together with Henry as immanent being that is at the same time appearance. Thus we are going to present philosophy of Michel Henry, which is called radical phenomenology of interiority that is...
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