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The issue of central venous catheter treatment in intensive and metabolic care
Zatočilová, Jana ; Petrášková, Hana (advisor) ; Novotná, Jindra (referee)
The present thesis deals with the issue of central venous catheter treatment in intensive and metabolic care, as well as the complications, which can accompany central venous cannulation and thus affect the possible period of using central venous catheter. The theoretical part tries to summarize the information concerning the issues of central venous catheters and their treatment. It also contains essential physiological and anatomical notes concerning central venous cannulation and a historical summary with regard to the present knowledge. The first part of the empirical section of the research follows the medical approach in various departments of the 4th Department of Internal Medicine of the General Teaching Hospital in Prague, as well as their influence on prevention and the rise of complications. The goal of the second part of the research is to make suggestions for treatment of central venous catheters, which could help to improve nursing care and the using period of catheter. The conclusion evaluates, whether the recommendations have at least partially become a part of the nursing care and if they have helped to resolve the areas of concern or not. Key words Central venous catheter, nursing care, complications of central venous catheter, central venous access.
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Optimizing the number of nursing staff in intensive care and resuscitation department for adults
Burišková, Klára ; Strnadová, Alice (advisor) ; Novotná, Jindra (referee)
Over the last few years there has been a significant differentiation of medical professions. At the same time their role and position has changed in the nursing process. Genesis of new professions and distribution of employees in the work field, based on their expertise, has led to changes in the work organization in individual departments. Therefore we can encounter highly specialized care in the intensive care departments, which places on its staff a number of specialized requirements. Aim of this thesis was to map the positions of individual workers and especially on the application of medical assistants. The thesis continues on with the issue of setting the optimal amount of nursing staff in the intensive care departments. Outcome of the thesis is that workers under supervision are currently not finding the proper use. However, in the future, we can count on more of these workers, in the intensive care units, to be more needed. Thesis conclusion is dedicated to available options of setting standards in order to calculate the necessary amount of nursing staff. keywords: competence, paramedical professions, headcount optimisation, scoring system in health care nurse, health assistant,
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Raman spectrometry of carotenoids of selected microorganisms
Novotná, Julie ; Jehlička, Jan (advisor) ; Machovič, Vladimír (referee)
In this thesis Raman spectroscopy is evaluated as a tool of identification and discrimination of carotenoids from microbial biomass. Microorganisms, halophilic or nonhalophilic, belong to Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and to others. Biomass was cultiveted under laboratory conditions and yielded varied colours. Raman spectra were recorded succesfully from lyophilized biomass by excitation wavelenth 514.5 nm (dispersive Raman microspectrometr) and 1064 nm (FT Raman spectrometer). Results were compared with Raman spectroscopic data from pigment extracts. Spectra of carotenoids are characterized by the main Raman bands υ1, υ2 a υ3 due to C=C stretching, C-C stretching and C-CH3 deformation. HPLC/UV-VIS allows effective pigment separation from extracts and detection of separated pigments by UV-VIS analyzator. Assessment of Raman analysis and its potential to detect microbial carotenoids are discused. Sarcinaxantin is an unusual carotenoid identified together with more common β - carotene. Raman spectroscopic results obtained on carotenoids recorded from colonies which accumulated more than one carotenoid need to be interpreted carefully. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Financial mathematics at lower secondary level
Lundáková, Naďa ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis Financial Mathematics at lower secondary level focuses on financial mathematics at lower secondary level. The first part consists of two chapters. The first chapter describes financial mathematics and its importance for financial literacy. The second chapter presents research of textbooks in which there is the financial mathematics topic. The second part of the thesis describes pedagogical experiment aimed to determine how a selected group of pupils cope the tasks and problems from financial mathematics. The tasks and problems in this section were posed by the author of the thesis. The evaluation of the experiment is based on students' work samples. The last chapter describes teaching of financial mathematics in two classes at lower secondary level.
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Transfer from the lower to upper secondary school from the point of view of teaching mathematics
Rašovský, Matěj ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
This thesis is aimed on transfer of pupils from lower to upper secondary school from the point of view of mathematics. It was chosen three pupils which attended the same lower secondary school and transfer to the same upper secondary school. Using questionnaires and mathematical test, which were given in September 2014 and January 2015, was reviewed their transfer from the point of view pedagogical-psychical and mathematical. These questionnaires were given to the teachers also. This transfer was mostly negative for pupils. The level of knowledge of mathematics was the same or even worse. It is caused by different teacher's access to teaching mathematics. We could hope that this situation will be changed in a couple months. KEYWORDS: Education, transfer, learning, school educational program, personality, behavior
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Fractions - Some Difficulties of Pupils and Teaching Approaches of Teachers
Vejmelková, Eliška ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
(anglicky) Fractions are one of the critical areas of mathematics at the primary school. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe didactic practices used when teaching fractions (focusing in particular on additive operations with fractions) and find out what strategies are used by pupils at selected tasks focusing on fractions, what difficulties are an obstacle in their successful solutions and what images of fractions the pupils have. The theoretical part contains considerations about the teaching and learning of mathematics, the overview of the historical development of the concept of fraction and operations with fractions and also selected research related to fractions. The practical part begins with the analysis of the textbooks where their semantic and structural models used for fractions are identified as well as ways of teaching operations with fractions. My own research consists of semi-structured interviews with five experienced teachers (one of whom is not qualified) on the topic of teaching fractions, the difficulties of pupils with fractions and of clinical interviews with three pupils from different primary schools. Interviews with the pupils were focused on the solution of the diagnostic tasks in the field of fractions. Transcripts of both interviews were analyzed by techniques...
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Generic drugs and generic substitution from the patient perspective I.
Novotná, Jana ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Babica, Jan (referee)
Generic drugs and generic substitution from the patient perspective I. Autor: Jana Novotná Supervisor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Introduction: Generic substitution and generic drugs are important instruments of drug policy in many countries, which allow to reduce price of medicines, while maintaining their quality. Experience shows that a prerequisite for the rational use of both instruments is sufficient awareness among both health professionals and patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the opinions, knowledge and experience of patients regarding generic drugs and generic substitution. Methods: Data were collected between 1 March 2015 and 31 March 2015 in a workplace practitioner in Prague. It was an observational survey. We contacted all patients who visited a doctor during that period. Patients had to agree to their inclusion in the investigation and also meet "inclusion criteria" (e.g., at least 18 years old, literate in Czech, long-term use at least one medicine). The questionnaire included 28 questions (4 open and 24 closed), focusing on socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, opinions, experiences and self-activity of the respondent regarding generic...
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Why is Israel still not a member of NATO?
Novotná, Jana ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Smetana, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the question of potential membership of Israel in NATO. It elaborates on the hypothesis that Israel is not interested in formal NATO membership, but rather in the broadening of mutual cooperation on a formal basis. The main goal of the thesis is to answer the research question: Why is Israel still not a member of NATO? The answer combines empirical analysis together with theoretical concept of national interest. Empirical sections examine broader context of mutual relations, investigates their interests in further cooperation and defines problems connected with official Israeli application for NATO membership. Theoretical sections examine Israeli national interest in NATO membership through realist and liberal perspective. Combination of empirical and theoretical research provides a wider context of the research question, why is Israel still not a member of NATO. My proposition is that Israeli membership in NATO face challenges on levels of NATO member states as well as on the level of Israeli political representatives. Furthermore, both entities perceive security through different lenses. Israel perceive its security rather through the realist lenses because it still faces basic security threats in its immediate neighborhood, whereas NATO member states already...
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Caring for patients colonized with resistant microbial strains
Poláková, Stanislava ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Novotná, Jindra (referee)
This thesis is focused on the complex nursing care of patients colonized with the resistant microbial strains. In the theoretical section I describe the major events of the history, the current issue of the antibiotic treatment and the species of occurring resistant strains of microbes. It also deals with recommended procedures in the care for these patients, such as patient isolation, use of the protective equipment, handling of the biological material , individualization of the aids, handling of the linen and the principles of health care. It also includes preventing the spread of disease resistant strains of the microorganisms and patient recolonization. The empirical part consists of the quantitative research conducted at the University Hospital in Pilsen with the help of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaires will be distributed to the nurses in intensive care units without the single - patient box system. The aim of the research is to determine nurses' knowledge of the disease resistant microbial strains and the ways they create patient isolation. Evaluation questionnaires will provide the pieces of information to compare the individual practices and knowledge of nurses in intensive care units. Results of this work can be used as a source of information or the study material. The benefit...
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