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Systemic approach and dialog as an useful support for practise of career guidance counselor
Koptová, Naděžda ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The first part renders the theoretical introduction to the problems of career guidance and the next possible educational choice. There are clarified the important terms of the work, selected parts of career progression, characteristics of development stage of pubescent with respect to the next possible educational choice at the end of the primary school. Then we get acquainted with the basic principles of methodical approach and characteristics of systemic dialog. The empiric part brings particular casuistry which illustrates searching of harmony between personality of a pupil, background for exercise of a profession, chanciness, ignorance and deficient of maturity of pupils (their parents too) for the next career progression. We try to show the importance and benefit of the systemic approach and dialog just with guidance in casuistry and discussions. It tries to show a suitable systemic approach as a theoretical and philosophical framework of career counselor in the context of the consulting situation with children and their parents. This work shows that this approach helps that the counselor does not only submit a verdict but creates a place for thinking about possibilities. Asking questions challenge the client to searching answers and active thinking about future. It becomes better...
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Relationship between teacher and disciples in social climate of school class
Pešek, Martin ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
In this study, we decided rekord relationship between teacher and student in social climate of school class. We characterize role teacher and student in social context and think about their development aspects. We deal, with interaction between teacher and student and important factores, which appears in this relationship. These are: dyadic interaction, social status, social conformability, social roles, social leasing atc. Next chapter of theoretical study bring conception of social climate of school class. At the and of theoretical part about social interaction between teacher and student, we write about possibilities of social- pedagogic training in social skills. Through this skills is possible improve this relationship. In empiric part, we bring results of kvantitativ research between teacher and student through questionnary Student about teacher and Teacher about himself and Braunś questionnary B-3, of social climate of school class.
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On psychological aspects of studying math
Münichová, Daniela ; Mertin, Václav (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis is focused on researching psychological aspects of studying mathematics during adolescence. Difficult period of adolescence contains numerous developmental tasks, including choices of educational path and professional career. Although the school represents the second most important social environment after the family, education itself is not always the priority interest of maturing individuals. However, it frequently plays an important role in decisions of students whether math is being part of the curriculum and whether it is expected to be used in the follow-up professional life. The current and future achievement of individuals in math is co-determined by many factors. The literature finds among the most important physiological predispositions, cognitive skills, motivation, socializing processes, and last but not least the roles of gender which are discussed in detail in the theoretical part. The empirical part of the thesis primarily represents analysis of the relationships between motivations, self-evaluation, roles of gender, and students' math achievements. Analysis shows that achievements in math are related the most to intrinsic motivations of individuals so that the incidence of poor results in math is the highest among individuals with no motivation. The most influential...
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Person in knowledge society: knowledge as part of identity
Seifert, Matěj ; Mertin, Václav (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
In my submitted graduation theses I describe the psychological connections concerning the theory of knowledge society. Social changes which happened in the past decades have number of associations and psychological ones are one of them. I describe which demands are expected from an individual through such social change, namely requirements on the development of competencies and social skills connected to work in organizations. I also pay close attention to the factors that form an individual's response to the requirements on lifelong learning. As the main goal of my thesis I consider the realisation of the empirical part. Here, I consider through the quantitave questionnaire examination the problem of how people from so called knowledge professions identify with the assumption of knowledge society. It is the knowledge professions whom such requirements especially concern.
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Theory of mind in preschool children
Hončíková, Dana ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
Theory of mind, an ability to understand one's mind as well as that of others, is a prerequisite for normal functioning in the human society. It helps us explain and anticipate other people's behaviour, enables us to share meanings and understand humour and forms a base for all social interactions. Theory of mind is the comprehension of human subjectivity - the fact that it is the representation of things, not their objective state, that determines human behaviour. The ability to attribute mental states develops along with the age thanks to the maturing of cognitive structures and acquiring experience in the social area. The most significant changes of theory of mind occur in the preschool age as the child masters mental verbs and begins to understand second-order mental representations. Most researchers conclude that an important change in the quality of theory of mind takes place around the fourth year of age. It is at this time that the child begins to realize the difference between the subjective and the objective reality, which leads to understanding that our representations of the world may not be always correct and depend on our access to information. That is why the researches focusing on the development of theory of mind use a method that examines the ability to understand the false belief - the...
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Dynamic assesment - with the emphasis on the approach of Reuven Feuerstein - and its utilization in the area of preschool adjustment
Chuchutová, Kristýna ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
Dynamic assessment constitutes an alternative diagnostic approach, focused on revelation of the tested person's real potential, which is reached and observed via the emphasis on the process of the achievement. It aims at meaningful connection with the intervention that immediately makes use of diagnostic findings to support the development of an individual. This work summarizes essential information about the mentioned diagnostic trend - its characteristic, a definition compared to conventional ways of testing and historical development. It further adverts to possibilities of its utilization, especially in the area of preschool diagnostic and education as an instrument of the prevention of educational and behavioural difficulties during the first years of the school attendance. The main goal of this work is to contribute to an expansion of the dynamic approach, which I consider to be a valuable alternative and/or a meaningful completion of conventional methods of testing.
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Selected relations of the efficiency of educational approaches in educational institute for girls
Šteflová, Alena ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
Ústavní výchova z nejr zn jších hledisek se v poslední dob zásluhou médií op t stává p edm tem zejména kritického zájmu nejširší ve ejnosti. V sou asnosti zejména v souvislosti se vzr stající delikvencí mládeže je t eba hledat nové formy pé e o problémové d ti, u nichž z nejr zn jších d vod rodina neplní své základní funkce. V anamnézách mladých lidí, kte í se dostávají do výchovného ústavu se opakovan objevují ur ité charakteristiky jejich osobnosti, ale i jejich nejužšího sociálního prost edí. Jedná se v tšinou o d ti, které m ly již od nejútlejšího v ku ztížené podmínky vývoje a již z pohledu d di né zát že, i z úhlu problematického výchovného p sobení. Tématem stále ast jší diskuse se v posledních letech stává vedle drogové závislosti zejména širší spektrum sociáln podmín ných pr jev rizikového chování jako je zvýšená agresivita mládeže, projevy rasové nesnášenlivosti, patologické hrá ství (gambling), i projevy šikanování ve školských za ízeních. V tomto smyslu sílí pot eba zm nit teoretický a v decký p ístup k problematice rizikového chování a prohloubit poznatky o lidském chování, motivaci a kontrole. Jsou zm ny, k nimž dochází v posledních letech v pé i o tyto jedince ú elné ve smyslu nápravy jejich porušeného vývoje? Poskytuje výchovný ústav t mto mladým lidem opravdu to, co pot ebují do své...
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The sibling incest
Jarošová, Lenka ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Junková, Vendula (referee)
We wanted to describe the situation of sibling incest in the population of the Czech men and women in the age between 18-30 years old. The questionnaire of 21 items was created for this purpose. The questionnare was located to the Internet and we distributed it to 9 secondary schools as well. Overall we acquired 1599 completed questionnares. 89 of the informants had an experience with the sibling incest. 71 of them were victims, 18 were perpetrators. We found out, that the most common sexual acitivity was touching and masturbation, in 1/3 cases vaginal intercoursce was made. The most common perpetrators was the older brother, the most common victim was the younger sister. The average age difference between siblings was 4,7 year. The most of the victims report negative influence of this act (f.e. depression, anxiety, somatic problems, nightmares). These negative influences were temporary in the most of the cases.
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The psychology of happiness: the possibilities of happiness changes
Řechková, Ludmila ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor)
The thesis deals with psychological theories of happiness. It analyzes the definitions of particular authors in order to review their variance and concordance. It assumes treating happiness as an affect as too reducing. It attempts to offer actual and complex view of happiness in psychology. It introduces theories how humans process how much they are happy and how these processes are carried out at various psychological functioning levels. The paper also describes time-sequential framework from momentary intensive feeling to happiness as a long-term appraisal of human life. It raises a question if happiness is a psychological state, personality trait or process and tries to find an answer which would be consistent with actual psychological knowledge. It brings the newest findings about hedonic treadmill and set-point theories research. Last but not least, it examines happiness increasing strategies and tests one of them in the empirical part.
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Perception of anxiety by infants
Zradičková Šafránková, Karla ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor)
Feelings of fear inevitably belong to our lives - they accompany us from birth up to death. Although fear is generally perceived highly negatively, it is a human's helpful companion, and an utterly natural phenomenon. This thesis deals with description of principles of fear perception of pre-school children and strategies of coping with situations, in which these children have to face their fears. In particular we observe what are today's pre-school children afraid of, and what are the strategies which help to successfully cope with their fears based on. This thesis consists of two sections. In the theoretical section, we aim to define the concepts of fear and of the closely related anxiety. We also deal with concepts of this emotion according to various psychological schools, and we describe the relation of fear emotion to individual ontogeny. We as well briefly mention regulation of emotions and coping strategies. In the empirical section, we analyze results of employed methods, and find mutual relations between them. For the purpose of accomplishment of the above mentioned objectives, we have developed a group program, consisting of several consecutive tasks. The program comprises of a short semi-structured interview, the "group thermometer" method, drawing on designated subject matter and "group...
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