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Estimates of light pollution from urban areas and industrial complexes
Vershyhora, Denys ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Kopačková, Veronika (referee)
Light pollution is no longer seen as a problem only for astronomy. Light pollution is an emerging environmental problem that comes along with more intensive urbanization and industrialization. In the last few years, it has been recognized as a serious pollution problem with negative consequences for the environment and human health. The threat to human health from light pollution has increased dramatically in recent decades, and it is estimated that today more than 80% of the world's population is affected by the prevalence of light pollution in various forms. The main producers of light pollution are large cities and industrial complexes, street and advertising lighting. Most of the emitted light is directed or reflected upwards, creating so-called light domes above the residences. In the night sky, changes in brightness are prominent in suburban environments, while these changes are less noticeable in rural landscapes. This thesis examines the state of light pollution and its impact on the brightness of the night sky in the Czech Republic and Ukraine for the period 2013-2021 using data from VIIRS satellite images received from the Google Earth Engine platform. JavaScript code was created for this data to group the images to create a map of light pollution damage per calendar year and classify...
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Environmental modelling of landuse changes in the neighbourhood of coal mines with the GIS
Antalová, Daniela ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Kopačková, Veronika (referee)
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING OF LAND USE CHANGES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF COAL MINES WITH THE GIS Abstract Human society causes an increasing pressure on land and its use. The requirements and demands of humanity has significantly changed in the last few decades. This is the foundation of continuous environmental impacts, particularly in those areas where mining companies exploit natural resources on a large scale for personal and economic well-being, and thus significantly transform the land surface. The objective of this thesis is to refer to changes in land use in the vicinity of surface coal mines in the districts of Chomutov, Most, Teplice and Sokolov where these coal mines take up large areas. We do so with the help of remote-sensing-based documentation and GIS applications. Mining dramatically transforms the appearance of surrounding landscapes and has a high impact on the environment. The thesis shows the change of land use based on both the images from the Landsat satellite and the inclusion in basic Corine categories in which was created layer of land cover for 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012, and further shows the ecological stability of the landscape from 1986 up to now. The evolution and changes of ecological stability are analyzed with the help of ecological coefficient, cluster analysis, linear...
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Environmental modelling of landuse changes in the neighbourhood of coal mines with the GIS
Antalová, Daniela ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Kopačková, Veronika (referee)
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING OF LAND USE CHANGES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF COAL MINES WITH THE GIS Abstract Human society causes an increasing pressure on land and its use. The requirements and demands of humanity has significantly changed in the last few decades. This is the foundation of continuous environmental impacts, particularly in those areas where mining companies exploit natural resources on a large scale for personal and economic well-being, and thus significantly transform the land surface. The objective of this thesis is to refer to changes in land use in the vicinity of surface coal mines in the districts of Chomutov, Most, Teplice and Sokolov where these coal mines take up large areas. We do so with the help of remote-sensing-based documentation and GIS applications. Mining dramatically transforms the appearance of surrounding landscapes and has a high impact on the environment. The thesis shows the change of land use based on both the images from the Landsat satellite and the inclusion in basic Corine categories in which was created layer of land cover for 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012, and further shows the ecological stability of the landscape from 1986 up to now. The evolution and changes of ecological stability are analyzed with the help of ecological coefficient, cluster analysis, linear...
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Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Environmental Mapping and Monitoring
Kopačková, Veronika ; Kolář, Jan (advisor) ; Chabrillat, Sabine (referee) ; Van den Meer, F. Devaraj (referee)
The main purpose of this thesis is to use Image Spectroscopy as a tool to monitor the environmental conditions in a region affected by anthropogenic activities via estimating both geochemical and biochemical parameters on a regional scale. The research has been carried on the Sokolov lignite mine, NW Bohemia, a region affected by long-term extensive mining. The thesis is divided into two thematic parts. First part is devoted to applications of Image Spectroscopy into Acid Mine Drainage mapping and its related issues (chapters 2 and 3). In chapter 2 the equivalent mineral end-members were successfully derived from the ASTER image data (Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite data). In the chapter 3 the pH was estimated on the basis of mineral and image spectroscopy. The Multi Range Spectral Feature Fitting (MRSFF) technique was utilized for mineral mapping and the multiple regression model using the fit images, the results of MRSFF, as inputs was constructed to estimate the surface pH and statistical significant accuracy was attained. In the second thematic part (chapters 4-6) Image Spectroscopy is applied into monitoring of vegetation stress. A new statistical method was developed to assess the physiological status of macroscopically undamaged foliage of Norway...
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Use of remote sensing for determination of the water content
Matyáš, Jiří ; Kolář, Jan (advisor) ; Kopačková, Veronika (referee)
Using SAR data for wet snow monitoring Abstract This paper focuses on an existing method of snow information retrieval by means of satellite SAR data. The method was first presented by Malnes and Guneriussen (2002), and has been proven to be capable of sub-pixel classification of wet snow. It is also able to classify dry snow pixels. The classification is based on change detection, so a snow-free reference image is required. Some flaws in this algorithm have been discovered during the work on this paper and are discussed, as well as a possible solution is suggested. Because this method is uncapable of classifying pixels containing water bodies, I have proposed an algorithm that can classify snow cover on lakes to enhance its capabilities. Also, a way to improve the wet snow cover classification by means of optical data was suggested. Keywords: SAR, snow cover, remote sensing, wet snow
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Procedure of a smile effect radiometric correction for hyperspectral scanner
Skalický, Filip ; Kolář, Jan (advisor) ; Kopačková, Veronika (referee)
The diploma theses focused on the topic of removing spectral aberration of sensor. The anomaly is being called spectral smile effect, or spectral curvature. Usually are with this artifact affected hyperspectral sensors, whose sensing is based on principle corresponding to pushbroom scanner. The defect occurs in the data as brightness gradient in the cross-track direction to the sensor flight and affects the object's spectral characteristics shape. Removing is important particularly in case of applying atmospheric correction algorithm, which are being degraded with presence of this defect. The work contents description of current methods used for detecting and eliminating this anomaly. The work is closer focused on the methods removing the defect based on own measured data without use of calibration targets. There is being examined sensitivity of the methods on the scene perception character, meaning heterogeneity of the scene and other outside influence. One of the methods is deeply processed resulting in increasing quality of the method for removing the defect.
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Porovnání přístupů v oceňování vybraných částí přírody v ČR a Evropské unii s cílem sjednotit tento přístup
Český ekologický ústav, Praha ; Kopačková, Veronika ; Šafařík, Miroslav ; Ščasný, Milan ; Kupka, Martin ; Kovář, Jaromír ; Prokopová, Marcela ; Šindlar, Miloslav ; Cabrnoch, Jiří ; Cudlínová, Eva ; Strejček, Jaromír ; Vyskot, Ilja ; Černý, Karel ; Míchal, Igor ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Petříček, Václav ; Dejmal, Ivan ; Seják, Josef
Nejnovější vývoj teorie hodnocení netržních částí přírody. Hodnocení biotopů. Systém evidence nákladů revitalizačních akcí. Využití oceňování biotopů pro stanovení ekologické újmy a efektu revitalizace.
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