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Optimizing of Polymer Surface Treatment for Microscopic Examination
Horská, Pavlína ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Bálková, Radka (advisor)
Supramolecular structure of eight commercial types of iPP, its blends with poly(L-lactide) (PP-PLLA) and copolymers with ethylene-propylene rubber (PP-EPR) together with four types of polyethylene (LDPE, HDPE) was uncovered and observed in this work. The spherulitic structure of iPP and PE homopolymers and PP copolymers was uncovered by etching of six different solutions of mineral acids with KMnO4 and by dissolution in four selected solvents. The latter was found to be ineffective. The structure of PP-PLLA blends was uncovered only after recrystallization (the change of structure by annealing and cooling rate). The uncovered crystalline structure was observed directly by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and SEM. Crystallinity together with a size distribution of crystallites was determined by DSC. It was proved that spherulitic supramolecular structure was easy to uncover by chemical etching only for molded samples and for fracture surfaces of injected samples. The efficiency of etchants varied but, generally, the samples with high degree of crystallinity were etched earlier. The etchants containing nitric acid and high content of sulphuric acid uncovered fine details of shperulites with respect to mixtures containing orthophosporic acid. It was also observed that not only the etchant (especially with nitric acid) itself but also its vapors were effective. The structure was revealed later but the appearance was plastic (3D) and the structure was very fine. The supramolecular structure of PP-PLLA blends differed with amount of each component. The ethylene-rubber phase came forth with increasing time of etching while PP spherulites disappeared in PP-EPR samples. CLSM was shown to be very good tool for observing supramolecular structure of studied samples with respect to SEM, which was proved to be entirely unsuitable for polyolefines. DSC is recommended to be performe before uncovering supramolecular structure for basic information about proportion of amorphous/crystalline phase and size of crystallites.
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Preparation of glass fiber/polyester composites
Horská, Pavlína ; Richtera, Lukáš (referee) ; Čech, Vladimír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is aimed at an influence of surface modifications of fibrous reinforcements on mechanical properties at the fiber-matrix interface in fiber reinforced composites. Glass fibers were used as reinforcements and polyester resin was the matrix. The sample of composite consisted of polymer matrix in a form of cylindrical body placed on a bundle of glass fibers. The tensile test using a materials testing machine (Zwick) was employed to evaluate adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface. Untreated glass fibers and fibers with commercial sizing were used for fabrication of composite samples.
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Possibilities and limits of work with motivation of pupils with ADHD and ADD syndrome at first degree of primary school
Dvořáková, Michaela ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Horská, Petra (referee)
The thesis titled Possibilities and limits of work with motivation of pupils with ADHD and ADD syndrome at first degree of primary school specializes in finding effective motivation of these pupils. In the theoretical part of the thesis will be defined notions of motivation, ADHD and ADD, teaching methods, organizational forms, evaluating the relationship between teacher and pupil. It will also be a sub-analysis of individual concepts and relationships between them. Processed theoretical background will be taken into account in the practical part. The practical part will pick out the most effective way of motivating pupils with ADD and ADHD syndrome integrated in the regular classroom at primary school. The research methods will be used direct and participant observation, case study, analysis of pupils' projects. Key words: motivation, ADHD, ADD, teaching methods, organizational forms, assessment, teacher-pupil relationship
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Pupils with posponement of the first year of elementary school
Masejtková, Dagmar ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Horská, Petra (referee)
The topic "Pupils with posponement of the first year of elementary school" is very topical and the whole diploma thesis is devoted to this issue. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts and terms describing school maturity and preparedness, postponement of school attendance, obligatory pre-school attendance in kindergartens and preparátory classes of elementary schools, teacher's work with pupils in the preparátory year and the last obligatory pre-school year of kindergarten are discussed. The practical part is devoted to comparing and analyzing the quality of preparation of pupils of kindergartens and preparatory classes for the first year. In this part methods of work in individual educational activities are observed. To obtain the neceséry informatik the work with professional literature, the observation, the interview, the analysis of results of work and practice in kindergarten and in preparátory year are used. The aim is to find out and analyze preparadness of pupils for the first year, managing the first in the elementary school. The intention is not to oppose kindergarten and preparátory classes, but to highlight the quality of pupil's preparation for the first years in the elementary school and pedagogic support during the first year in the school. The informatik provided by the...
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Architectural design of nursery schools in the context of the current concept of pre-primary education in the Czech Republic
Jantačová, Eliška ; Loudová Stralczynská, Barbora (advisor) ; Horská, Petra (referee)
This Diploma thesis is dealing with problematics of architectural solution of working space within kindergarten in context with conception of contemporary preschool education in the Czech Republic. The goal of the thesis is to analyze architectural and spatial conditions within selected kindergartens in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts. Theoretical part is focused on preschool child, kindergarten, laws regulating architectural space solutions in kindergartens in the Czech Republic, and architectural and spatial parameters for kindergartens. The goal of thesis' practical part is to analyze how different spatial dispositions affect ongoing educational processes in examined kindergartens. Practical part states objectives of the thesis, research questions and methodological tools, applied during research phase of the thesis. It focuses on selected faculty kindergartens with different disposition solutions and analyzes their spatial disposition in relationship to educational processes and child's play. Then analyzes and compares different points of view to the problematics from selected professional educationalist and architects. Further the thesis summarizes recommendations on spatial arrangements, so they suit well all the needs of those participated in educational process. The...
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Verbal assessment at primary schools
Rosecká, Petra ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Horská, Petra (referee)
In the theoretical part, the work first deals with school evaluation, its connection with educational goals and its functions. Then the theoretical part introduces the types of school evaluation, as well as its methods and types. The main part of the theoretical part of this work deals with verbal evaluation. First, the concept of verbal evaluation will be defined. Then the work introduces the types of verbal evaluation. The work then deals with the topic of criteria and its connection with verbal evaluation. The following chapter deals with diagnostics and observations before writing verbal evaluation. The next chapters are devoted to the very creation of verbal evaluation. First, the work deals with what should be the content of verbal evaluation and then the principles of its writing and formulations. Next, we will show the advantages and disadvantages of this form of evaluation. The last chapter deals with verbal assessment in students with specific learning and behavioral disorders. The aim of the work is to find out whether the recommendations are fulfilled and the rules stated in the literature are applied in practice, or what deviations from these recommendations arise. The practical part deals with the analysis of verbal evaluations, which are supplemented by a questionnaire. The analysis...
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Topics of the cycle of the year in education at primary school
Plzáková, Petra ; Horská, Petra (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis Topics of the cycle of the year in education at primary school deals with monitoring of the work of two primary school teachers who integrate the topic of annual cycle into their teaching methods. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a brief historical overview of how the theme of nature and society developed as a part of the primary school curriculum from the Middle Ages up to the present time. It introduces the term annual cycle in connection with the layers of the year and the passage of time, with its cyclicity and linearity. It conveys to the reader the characteristics of the developmental specifics of a student at primary school. It describes didactic procedures and methods suitable for mediating topics reflecting the annual cycle, such as the Step by step curriculum, integrated thematic teaching or project teaching. The empirical part presents qualitative research focusing on the usage of the topics related to the annual cycle in primary school teaching. The research was carried out at two Prague primary schools. The teachers selected for the research are first grade class teachers. The research is based on the observation of direct pedagogical work of the teachers, in-depth semi-structured interviews and uses document analysis as an additional method. The aim of...
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Cooperation between a primary teacher and a school special education teacher
Kubrichtová, Hana ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Horská, Petra (referee)
This Diploma Thesis is work dealing with the cooperation between a primary teacher and a school special education teacher within the inclusive education. The Thesis is divided in two parts: the theoretical part and the practical part - the research. The theoretical part is concerned with the current advisory system in the education field in the Czech Republic from the perspective of inclusive education. It is also focused on the relationships and cooperation of the school special education teacher within the school. The practical part is conceived as the qualitative research dealing with the cooperation between the primary teacher and the school special education teacher works. Moreover, there are the advantages and disadvantages of this cooperation mentioned. The research shows that the cooperation between the primary school teacher and the school special education teacher is beneficial as it helps to integrate pupils with the special educational needs into the standard classroom. Key words School special education teacher, inclusive education, elementary school, primary teacher, school counselling centre, cooperation, qualitative research, interview, pupil with special educational needs
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The novice teachers' dilemmas associated with inklusive education
Gruberová, Lucie ; Krčmářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Horská, Petra (referee)
My thesis deals with the readiness of starting teachers for inclusive education. The aim of this thesis is to identify concerns of starting teachers regarding inclusive education that could arise in their future practice. The theoretical part of the thesis clarifies concepts such as the starting teacher, inclusive education, integrated education and also pupil with special educational needs. Further the competencies of starting teacher and the requirements that are needed for them after starting practice are described in this part. The theoretical part also describes the readiness of school for inclusive education and what does the Czech republic support system looks like. Important milestones in Czech legislation that affect inclusive education are very briefly mentioned in this part. Within the empirical part of the thesis a research survey in the form of qualitative interviews was used. The main aim of the questions and subsequent answers was to find out what are the most common concerns of starting teachers or what would make them feel more prepared for the job. These interviews were conducted at different time intervals with the same starting teachers. The results of the research are processed in the form of answers to research questions and afterwards compared with each other as well as with...
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