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David Hume's analysis of causality
Pakandl, Martin ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on David Hume's analysis of causality. The two major philosophical works about this topic are A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiries concerning Human Understanding. The first chapter is about intellectual background which Hume came from when he is dealing with cause-effect problem. At that time there were two main epistemological theories: rationalism and empirism. Both will be discuss there. The next chapter is about Hume's way of thinking about human understanding. This chapter is important for us beacuse there are many terms which will be useful for understanding causality. Crucial role plays The Theory of Ideas, according to each content of a mind has a source in experience. The first perceptions are called impresions and their copies are called ideas. Ideas are processed by memory and imagination. There are two categories of contents of human understanding: relations of ideas and matters of facts. We will focus on matters of facts because they are based on causality. Hume as a empirist is searching for a source of idea of causality in our experience. He finds out that we cant find it in objects of our minds themselves, but is based on relations among them. These relations are: contiguity, constant conjunction, priority of time in the cause before the effect and...
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Skepticism in ancient Greece
Dědič, Ondřej ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of skepticism in ancient Greece. By the skepticism is not only meant one of the schools in the Hellenistic period, but also thought attitude based on skeptical relation to the world. One of the aims of the thesis is to clarify what skepticism means and which role it plays in philosophy and other one is to observe the phenomenon of skepticism during the beginning of philosophy, ie in ancient Greece. Special emphasis will be given to the already mentioned Hellenistic skepticism, which worked with skepticism in a more radical concept than previous philosophers. In this case will be used for understanding the only primary source called Outlines of Pyrrhonism by the late ancient thinker Sextus Empiricus. In addition to this work, the thesis will draw on a variety of secondary sources, such as Lives of eminent philosophers written by Diogen Laertius. KEYWORDS Greece, skepticism, philosophy, Pyrrho of Elis, Sextus Empiricus
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Political Thought of Judith Butler
Sůsa, Jan ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Fulka, Josef (referee) ; Kobová, Lubica (referee)
My thesis is focused on critical analysis of political thought of American philosopher Judith Butler. Butler is concerned with the relationship between individual identity and collective subjectivity, and her works - which caused many critical reactions - represent one of the most interesting discussion in the field of feminist political philosophy. Butler is mainly concerned with the question, how various political strategies (eg. feminism) could be based on common interests of various agents, and not on their supposedly stable identity (eg. sex and gender). Her criticism of unproblematized "natural" identities is important not only to the constitution of any individual identity, but also for the notion of the political dimension of a collective subject. The introductory chapters of my thesis are concerned with early thought of Butler, mainly with her critical relationship to the "second wave" feminism, and with her notion of the performative constitution of gender identity. Next chapters explore the shift in her thinking from analysis of gender and sex towards more general themes of political thought: nation, race, class, universalism, state censorship, possibility of resistance or emergence of a collective subject without stable unifying principle. I also try to analyze selected critical...
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Le Front National - Le Rassemblement national under the leadership of Marine Le Pen
Sasýnová, Klára ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is National front (Le Front national) - National Rally (Le Rassemblement national) under the leadership of Marine Le Pen. First part of the thesis is focused on political parties in general. It explains their foundation, function and typology. Subsequently it devotes to the system of French political parties. The thesis includes mapping of historical development of National front under the leadeship of Jean-Marie Le Pen. The thesis puts the biggest emphasis on National front (National Rally) under the leadership of Marine Le Pen and also on oncoming European parliament's elections. The goal of the thesis is to study and to analyse specialized politological Czech and French literature and authentical documents about theme of contemporary political party in France, specifically National Front - National Rally, to focus on president election's programmes and parliament's programmes of National Front - National Rally. Also to map National front's programme before the oncoming European parliament's elections.
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The emergence and development of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia in the 20.years 20.century.
Adamcová, Marie ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The thesis deals with the emergence of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and its development in the 1920s. The first part is devoted to the historical roots of the socialist movement in Austria-Hungary and the Czech lands and maps the birth of the Communist Party from the left wing of the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the policy and internal development of the Communist Party in the 1920s in connection with its relationship to the Communist International. It also describes the most important events that influenced the party, individual congresses of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, their conclusions and in the context there is explained the strategic-tactical direction of the party. The thesis also monitors the development of communist agitation before the parliamentary elections of 1925 and 1929 and the results of these elections. The work uses specialized literature, protocols of individual congresses of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and articles from the period press. KEYWORDS Czechoslovakia, political party, communism, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, bolshevization
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Political Extremism in France with a Focus on the National Front (" Le Front national")
Nejedlý, Vladimír ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The topic of this thesis is political extremism in France, mainly focused on Front National. In the first part, there is defined term extremism, described its typology and its connection to the political system - political parties and its form at present. The content of the next part is to map historical developments of right-wing extremism in France, roots and its tradition. This thesis is mainly focused on development of Front National - since the formation to the present. The aim of this thesis is to map political extremism in France, mainly The Front National, comparison of the political party's development in the different stages. The focus is put on the comparison of its policy agenda and electors especially in connection to the change of leaders of the Front national during its existence (from Jean-Marie Le Pen to Marine Le Pen). Specialised literature in Czech and French and authentic documents were used for the preparation of this thesis. KEYWORDS extremism, right-wing extremism, political parties, Front National, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine Le Pen
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