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Freedom and Public Health in a Pandemic
Tomášková, Jana ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje kalibraci demokratických svobod a jejich instrumentalizaci v době pandemického vládnutí. Problematika je demonstrována na příkladu České republiky nacházející se v nouzovém stavu a nahlížena skrze korektivní úlohu ÚS ČR, který je garantem proporcionálního vyvažování ochrany veřejného zdraví a rovněž ochrany demokratických svobod. Panující tenze bezesporu testuje právní stát i funkčnost systému brzd a protiváh, jehož existence přímo chrání povahu demokratičnosti zřízení. Ukazuje se, že i v nouzovém stavu existuje oblast občanských práv a svobod, jejíž faktické narušení zůstává předmětem legitimního sporu mezi exekutivou a judikativou.
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Berlin's Positive Freedom in T. H. Green's Thought
Hulvertová, Anna ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na dva politické filozofy, kteří významným způsobem rozvinuli koncept pozitivní svobody. Isaiah Berlin je asi nejznámějším autorem rozdělujícím svobodu na pozitivní a negativní. T. H. Green, i když v dnešní době, a hlavně českém prostředí tolik známý není, byl ve své době považován za transformátora celého liberálního směru a myšlení o svobodě právě díky interpretaci pozitivní svobody. V této práci se proto snažím zjistit, zda pozitivní svoboda definovaná I. Berlinem odpovídá tomu, jak o ni ve svých dílech hovořil T. H. Green. Pozitivní svoboda je velice významný koncept v politické filozofii, stejně tak mají svůj zásadní význam oba autoři. Jejich komparace proto přináší na koncept pozitivní svobody nový pohled. Detailnější analýza jednotlivých autorů a následná komparace jejich myšlení o pozitivní svobodě ukazuje na výrazné odlišnosti mezi jejich pojetím pozitivní svobody, a tím pádem i na existenci možnosti odlišného uchopení tohoto pojmu, než je pouze obecně nejvíce známá Berlinova definice.
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Self-interested individuals and social order in liberal thought
Kawada, Naoki ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
in English : Liberalism is one of the most prevailing political thoughts in modern society. It is often mentioned in connection with other social systems such as democracy and market economy. But what exactly are the main characteristics of liberalism? How has liberal thought developed in modern society? The main concern in this thesis is to describe the characters of modern liberal thought from the perspective of social contract theory and of some liberal thinkers who emphasize the self-interested (or rational) individuals. Social contract theory is the hypothetical equipment for thinking about individuality (basic feature of modernity) and social order. The purpose of the first part of the thesis is to describe how self-interested individuals agree with the establishment of a sovereign. At another part, by mentioning some liberal thinkers, I will discuss the possible spectrum of the rules of government in liberal thought. The spectrum could be explained as the result of different assumption of self-interested individuals and of legitimacy in society. In the whole thesis, I will focus on two elements in society: particularity and generality. Particularity means particular interests (self-interested behavior) of individuals and generality means general interests (publicness). In comparison of...
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Oligarchy as a Political Regime in Aristotle and in Contemporary Politics
Novozhilov, Veniamin Igorevich ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The author of this thesis will analyze the idea of oligarchy and how it changed throughout the years, starting from the times of Aristotle, one of the first political philosophers who dedicated his time and research the topic, to contemporary definition of oligarchy as it is viewed by modern political thinkers. This thesis will also look at whether the country of the Russian Federation would fall under the category of an oligarchy, this is relevant as this country has been labeled with the term oligarchy more than others in contemporary society.
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Machiavelli and Erasmus in Comparison: The Prince versus The Education of a Christian Prince
Pazderová, Tereza ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with a comparison of the writings of Nicòllo Machiavelli's The Ruler and Erasmus of Rotterdam's On the Education of a Christian Ruler. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether these works are rightly regarded as contradictory. To achieve this goal, the historical context of both authors and their times is first presented. Then, through textual analysis, the two works are analysed, supplemented in places with insights from the contextual section. These are then compared using the comparative method. On the basis of the analysis and comparison of the two works, it was found that the two works cannot be considered to be completely contradictory. In some areas the views of the two authors are contradictory, however, we can also find many areas of opinion where they found agreement. This consensus was most often due to the common humanistic basis of both authors.
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Taming Human Nature: A Comparative Study of the Political Philosophies of Xunzi and Thomas Hobbes
Gu, Fengdeng ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Throughout history, many philosophers have considered the topic of human nature. Their exploration of this topic not only means that human beings'cognition has changed from exploring the natural world to reflecting on their own existence, but also that it provides new basis for our choice of political beliefs and doctrines. Almost all political systems are based on some human nature theories. Many of these theories involve a debate between good or evil aspect of our nature, which philosophers have focused on since ancient times. Xun Kuang (Xunzi) and Thomas Hobbes are two famous thinkers who argued that human nature is originally evil. Both of them hoped to create an effective social order, eliminate interpersonal tension, and rely on their own methods to achieve their political ideals. Xunzi believed that sage king's propriety could transform evil human nature, thereby ending chaotic political division and conflict, ultimately achieving unification and harmony. Hobbes believed that human beings are naturally selfish, brutal, and aggressive. In his book Leviathan where he believed that human peace and security can be truly realized only when a social contract is used among people to form a powerful state. My thesis will start with theories of human nature to compare Xunzi's and Hobbes' models for...
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Application of the Moral Foundations Theory on Czech Environmental Discourse
Rysková, Lenka ; Smetana, Michal (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on moral argumentation related to environmental issues within Czech discourse. The aim of the thesis is to find out what moral foundations is the environmental discourse in the Czech environment based on, which is achieved by applying the Moral Foundations Theory to this discourse. The theoretical part of the thesis maps the Moral Foundations Theory itself and the existing knowledge from its application to political science and environmental issues. In the practical part, the theory is applied to two separate parts of environmental discourse - op-eds published on internet news portals and speeches delivered in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. A qualitative content analysis is used to establish an image of the representation of each moral foundation within these two parts of the research. The combination of the results from these parts is then used to answer the research question.
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The Influence of Western Thinkers on Sun Yat-Sen, His Political Philosophy and Practice
Mališ, Jan ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this paper is to highlight the influences of major Western thinkers on Sun Yat-sen, which authors have had how much of an influence, and how different influences from different authors interact. The thesis begins immediately after the introduction, with a brief summary of Sun Yat-sen's life, emphasizing the possible influences from any angle. The work then moves on to the main part, which are the influences themselves, divided into two parts. The first are the broader influences, that is, the influences of authors, stimuli, or environments that did not have as much of an influence as the four main authors, but are still worthy of a subsection in the thesis alone. These chapters analyze Mill, Rousseau, Lincoln, and then the influence of Japan and British-influenced territories. The second part then deals with the main authors, which are Montesquieu,George, Kropotkin and Marx. The thesis then concludes with a summary of the main findings, a short recapitulation of the thesis and overall concluding thoughts on the thesis.
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