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Evaluation and autoevaluation of secondary school
Dostál, Filip ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Chvál, Martin (referee)
The diploma work deals with the introduction of grammar schools auto-evaluation process together with the curriculum reform in progress. Analysis of school legislation in force and of binding curriculum documents led to the conclusion that schools autoevaluation is the main and almost the sole mechanism of control and quality and efficiency improvement of grammar school education. This fact contrasts markedly with the marginal position of auto-evaluation in the legislation in force and curriculum documents. Some theoretical basis for grammar schools auto-evaluation were defined and critically reviewed through compilation of literature; they were interpreted in the light of post-modern, positivist and pragmatist philosophical concepts; constituent review was based on neo-tomist positions. The focus of the work lies in analysis of auto-evaluation phases recommended in literature. What is new is a concept of "pre-evaluation" phase which assumes a metaevaluation character although preceding the evaluation itself. A two-phase questionnaire survey was devised and applied at the curriculum reform pilot grammar school for this phase. Finally, three tools for auto-evaluation of study results of grammar school students were devised - evaluation of facultative subjects, a statistical analysis of grammar school...
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The self-evaluation of the school curriculum at the primary school
Pavlišová, Dana ; Chvál, Martin (advisor) ; Koťa, Jaroslav (referee)
The work is conceived as theoretical - empirical. The term education evaluation and its mutual relations are analyzed in theoretical part. Chief purpose of this work is to trace an evaluation process of small (more grades in one class) schools curriculum with focus on scope and criteria of school curriculum self-evaluation. Work onward validates importance of selected criteria in specified range of self-evaluation utilizing research survey method and monitors evaluation tools and information sources for school curriculum quality determination. Another goal of the survey is to validate whether schools sufficiently self-evaluation as process of self-assessment, planning and further school development
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Burnout effect. Experimental probe of teachers in the Central Czech region
Antošová, Oxana ; Chvál, Martin (advisor) ; Krykorková, Hana (referee)
This diploma work deals with problems of the burnout effect of teachers in the Central Czech Region The first part of the diploma work is theoretic, that the defines and explains the burnout conception, its development, appearances and causes, including explanation development of the burnout effect of teachers. The sekond part of the diploma work is experimental, that the includes description researches, methods, routek and processing of data. Research record provider seedback to the given hypotheses. The Final records are vested to the tables and graphs for greater lucidity. When writing this diploma work I used my knowledge of special literature.
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Science skills of 15-years old students in the Czech Republic in the international survey PISA
Petrášek, Pavel ; Chvál, Martin (advisor) ; Mandíková, Dana (referee)
Title: Scientific Literacy of 15-years old pupils in the Czech Republic in the International Survey PISA Author: Pavel Petrášek Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: PhDr. Martin Chvál, Ph.D., Department of Physics Education Abstract: My thesis focuses on the results of 15-year old pupils in selected tasks of the international survey PISA. It contains a brief introduction to the methodology of a survey and its realization in our conditions. The thesis presents relations between pupils` success and other variables found out in additional questionnaires, such as sex, parents` education, relation to mathematics or pupils` social and economical backgrounds. Besides the thesis contains the comparison of the importance of individual variables and results from the years 2000 and 2003. The thesis can be used as a theme for further research of mentioned relations and their comparison in a longer time horizon with other results. Electronic form of my thesis is on enclosed CD. Keywords: tests, international survey, scientific literacy
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"European Identity" of a Teacher
Gröschlová, Andrea ; Walterová, Eliška (advisor) ; Chvál, Martin (referee) ; Janík, Tomáš (referee)
This work attempts to identify and analyse factors that have an effect on the identification of teachers with Europe: "European identity" of a teacher is being argued. We widely discuss actual meaning of the term "Europe" and seek an empirical approach to the "European identity" research. Correctness of the "European identity" of a teacher is not put to test; actual issue of the teacher's profession is being discussed instead. The structure of this work consists of three chapters. First of all some basic assumptions for the work need to be posted: we discuss such terms as "globalisation", "knowledge society", "educational aims" and context of "European dimension of education". The second chapter presents three interrelated parts. They are focused on the meaning of theme "teacher as a subject of research", "identity as a subject of research" and "Europe as a subject of research" . We conclude with the own meaning of the "European identity" of a teacher in the end of the second chapter. Empirical approach throughout the rest of the work is based on this conclusion. The methodological approach is derived from the character of the postulated hypothesis. We compare two independent samples. Two samples being a) teachers (teachers of basic and secondary schools in Prague) and b) random population. Based on the...
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Using computers to test
Bažantová, Zuzana ; Byčkovský, Petr (advisor) ; Škaloudová, Alena (referee) ; Chvál, Martin (referee)
The thesis provided deals with the question of computer based testing. The study contains two main parts: theoretical and empirical. It addresses two problems: what is the state of the art of computers implementation in testing (1), and what is the difference between applying two theories - classical test theory (CTT), and item response theory (IRT) in test construction, and analysis of test scores (2). The second problem has been solved both theoretical and empirical. No doubt, that computer implementation in test administration, construction, score analysis, test forms creating, and adaptive testing is very useful activity. It seems, as well, implementation of IRT in test construction and its score analysis has some advantages in comparison with CTT. On the other hand, mastering IRT is a quite difficult task, and there are strict demands to be fulfilled before IRT could be applied, too. There are principles of adaptive testing described in the study. This topic has not been described in any educational journal till today. Special software for realizing classical item analysis (ITEMAN, LERTAP 5) and for realizing IRT analysis (BILOG-MG) are presented here. To my knowledge comparison of item analysis carried out by methods based on CTT and IRT has not been presented in the Czech Republic. An analysis...
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Functional Competence as the Goal of Developing Speaking Skill in Teaching German as a Foreign Language
Hejduková, Andrea ; Nečasová, Pavla (advisor) ; Chvál, Martin (referee) ; Spáčilová, Libuše (referee)
The thesis deals with the development of speaking skill whcn teaching German as a foreign language. It tries to analyse all possible aspects of speaking skill in order to develop the best possible teaching approach that would enable students to use their (spoken) language effectively and reach their communicative goals. For this skill. vvhich is defined mainly by the ability to perform the language functions that one needs to express, the term Tunctional competence' is used. An important feature of this term is the preference of success of communication to its correctness. The theoretical part first explains the terms used in the thesis (ability / skill / competence, learning versus acquisition). Afterwards, speaking skill is analysed in the context of other communicative skills, i. e. listening, reading. and writing, so that it is clear that no particular skill can be dealt with in a completely isolated way and that the teaching process should always involve an appropriate combination of various communicative skills. A separate chapter describes the differences between monologues and dialogues / polylogues. After that. three stages of speaking skill are analysed (imitative speaking. guided non-imitative speaking, and autonomous speaking). For these stages. vast amount of concretc examples of speaking tasks...
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Evaluation of university teachers through questionnaires
Švábová, Marie ; Kasíková, Hana (referee) ; Chvál, Martin (advisor)
The thesis surveys student evaluation of university teachers by questionnaires. Its target is to understand more exactly how both participating sides, ie. teachers and students, see the problems. The empirical part of the thesis surveys the situation at the three faculties of Charles University - the Faculty of Philosophy & Arts, the Faculty of Social Sciences and the Catholic Theology Faculty - by depths interveiws. Those interviews made possible to get relatively detailed information that can be applied to preparation for student evaluation. It can also bring better understanding and acceptance of student evaluation by teachers and students, which is a precondition of the use of the results by faculties, as well as the sufficient participation of students in the evaluation in such a way that the research could brind relevant data. The thesis has got two parts. The theoretical part summarizes knowledge referring to the status of university teachers and their evaluation, the empirical part contains the description of the research methodologies, inroduces the valorization of the data obtained in several evaluations that had taken place, and summarizes the information obtained by the depths interviews. The most important conclusion of the thesis is that students and teachers consider student evaluation useful...
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Practical use of HTML5 and CSS3
Chval, Martin ; Pinkas, Otakar (advisor) ; Chudán, David (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is HTML5 and CSS3 standard. Both of these specifications are currently still under development and subject to changes. The aim is to examine current state of these specifications, its support in desktop and mobile internet browsers and test their new features in practical part of the thesis. The thesis is divided into several chapters. Theoretical chapters are describing history of both specifications, followed by description of several new features and properties, final parts contain tables with data on support of these features in widespread browsers. The HTML part contains informations about new work plans on this specification. Short chapter of this thesis contains informations about presence of HTML5 and CSS3 on Czech Internet. Practical part describes design and implementation of website with help of the new features. Research was done by comparing current and previous versions of standards. Evaluation of browser support was based on data found on Internet. New features were tested and part of them implemented in practical part of thesis. Contribution of this thesis is summary of current state of these specification and level of their support in internet browsers. Support for features of both specification is steadily getting better. As a result, it is already possible to use their advantages. Part of issues caused by their bad support in old browsers could be evaded in near future. Both specifications contain promising features that will lead to better and more accessible websites.
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Item Response Theory and its Application in the National Comparative Exams
Fiřtová, Lenka ; Zouhar, Jan (advisor) ; Chvál, Martin (referee)
Item Response Theory, a psychometric paradigm for test development and evaluation, comprises a collection of models which enable the estimation of the probability of a correct answer to a particular item in the test as a function of the item parameters and the level of a respondent's underlying ability. This paper, written in cooperation with the company Scio, is focused on the application of Item Response Theory in the context of the National Comparative Exams. Its aim is to propose a test-equating procedure which would ensure a fair comparison of respondents' scores in the Test of General Academic Prerequisites regardless of the particular test administration.
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