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Between King and Estates. Lower Lusatian Land Administration on the Threshold of the Modern Age (1490 - 1620)
Březina, Luděk ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor) ; Semotanová, Eva (referee) ; Čapský, Martin (referee)
Between King and Estates. Lower Lusatian Land Administration on the Threshold of the Modern Age (1490-1620) Abstract The PhD thesis tries to describe the main changes in Lower Lusatia and the operation of the land administrators between 1490 and 1620. It is based on comparison of the situation in all Lands of the Czech Crown, namely in Bohemia, whereas special attention is paid to the description of the family background, family relationships, the career life and agenda of individual administrators. The thesis also researches the reasons which led Czech Kings to the appointment of land administrators and tries to answer the question how much land administrators influenced events in Lower Lusatia. The Lower Lusatian estates played an important role as well and both, land administrators and Czech Kings, could repeatedly experience their increasing power during the monitored period. For this reason the PhD thesis is focused on land administrators as mediators of power between kings and estates. Key words Early Modern Age, Czech Crown, Lower Lusatia, land administration
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The symbology of the animals in "The New Advice" by Smil Flaška z Pardubic
Petrová, Markéta ; Zilynská, Blanka (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Tato práce využívá literární prameny 14. století, zejména Novou radu Smila Flašky z Pardubic, ke zjištění charakterových vlastností zvířat, které jim byly symbolicky přisuzovány. Rozbor ukázal, že uvedená symbolika se v 16. století posunula směrem k větší realističnosti chápání zvířecích vlastností. Zhodnocení vztahů Nové rady ke konkrétním historickým událostem prokázalo, že toto dílo má úzkou souvislost s formováním panského stavu ve 14. století a s jeho snahou podat králi naučení o správném vztahu mezi šlechtou a panovníkem. The thesis analyses personality traits symbolically attributed to animals, based on literary sources from the 14th century, primarily "The New Advice" (Nová rada) by Smil Flaška z Pardubic. The comparison of "The New Advice" to the factual historical events reveals close connection to the formation of the lordship in the 14th century and author's ambitions to advise the king of the appropriate relationship between king and nobility. The thesis also shows that the addressed symbology has evolved in the 16th century towards more realistic understanding of animal characteristics.
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The lords of Lobkowicz and Hassenstein in the late middle ages
Gavenda, Lukáš ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The modern prince family of Lobkowicz243 has its roots in North Bohemia several hundred years ago. This diploma work deals with the general history and cultural meaning of this family in Late Middle Ages, concretely in the course of 15th century and at the beginning of the following century. This work consists of three chapters. The first one is concerned with the history of the Lobkowiczs in its first five generations (14th-16th centuries). Rare information about the first known members of the family are dated to the end of the rule of the Emperor Charles IV. The Lobkowiczs belonged to lower nobility and were known as lairds of Újezd.244 Martin (commonly Mareš) of Újezd had three sons: Blaze (Blažej or Blažek), Wenceslas (Václav) and Nicolas (Mikuláš). The oldest Blaze died early and Wenceslas was a priest, so it was only the youngest son Nicolas who could secure the maintenance of the family. Nicolas of Lobkowicz, a man of high intellectual skills, a talented diplomat and politician, gained confidence of Wenceslas IV, King of Bohemia, and kept a close connection to the royal court. It was him who bought the village and fort Lobkovice in 1410, that gave name to the family. A few years later he had also gained the castle Hassenstein in North-West Bohemia and Hluboká in South Bohemia, which supported the...
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Queens and their towns in Bohemia during the reign of Luxembourg
Sejtková, Mirka ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
An institution of royal dowry towns was established in the early 14th century because kings of Bohemia needed to ensure possessive and social conditions for their queens-wives and queens-widows. Expect of most important financial provisions this towns provided their queens space for continuing dignified residence and for realization their plans e.g. patronage. Queen could manage her towns in two ways. In the first one she could draw the payments from towns, which her husband had ensured her in a marriage articles. In the second cases the towns were tum over to her control and than she could be in active relations with them. Existence of the institution of royal dowry towns was limited with lifetime of the queen. When she had died, the towns retumed into the hands of king. Among dowry towns belong Hradec Králové, Chrudim, Polička, Jaroměř, Vysoké Mýto, Trutnova Dvůr Králové nad Labem. Most of them were situated in the east Bohemia, where every royal town was at the same time dowry town too. The most imported position belonged to Hradec Kralové, which was administrative and ecclesiastical centre of this area. A status of this town raised, when queen-widow Elisabeth Rejčka moved with her court to Hradec. This residential tradition fixed Elisabeth Pomořanská, the fourth wife of Charles IV. The Hussite Movement...
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"...for their better enjoyment of incessantly praying for us by night and day". Danation in Czech lands in peak middle ages
Vašek, Zdeněk ; Hledíková, Zdenka (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The theme of thesis is the donations - pious gifts - of czech nobility to church during reign of king John of Luxemburg. I categorize apart from aristocrats queen Elizabeth Richenza, because she was not at king's courat. Also I class too high church worthy, who were born as nobleman. The donations have complicated background. I distinguish several kinds of motivation. The main motivation is religiousness. Item I distinguish economic, political and presentable reason of donations. During of reign king John of Luxemburg we distinguish two types of donations. First it is donations without detail. Donor only says, that he want pratet for salvation him or his familly. That is type pro remedio animae. Second type is donations with details. Donor wants definite numer of service, type of memory (eternal light etc.). In first half of reign of John of Luxemburg predominate first type of donations. In second half of reign predominate second type of donations. The most gifts is in Czech from man from rank of squire. He most gifts in is Moravia from high nobility. The situation in the Moravia is very interesting, because nearly half of numer of donors are women. On contrary, women form only 10-15% of donors in Czech. Explanation is a aktivity of Elizabeth Richenza and descendants of noblewomen Sibyla of Křižanov. The...
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King, knight, squire and their virtues according to the Old Czech romance Tristram and Izalda
Kotrbová, Jana ; Fantysová Matějková, Jana (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The thesis deals with an Old Czech novel in verse Tristram and Izalda. Initially, I examine the genre of chivalric novel in the context of Czech literature of the thirteenth and fourteenth century. I am interested in the view of literary history on these texts and primarily in the assessment of Tristram and Izalda. I pursue the reception of the Tristanian topic in the Czech environment, which has first been introduced to the German versions of this epic. The Old Czech translation from second half of 14th century gains from three German sources that are variously combined. I endeavour to use the novel as a source reflecting the ideological world of the Czech aristocracy of late mediaeval times. I have defined - on the basis of the characters present in the novel - four social groups: rulers, knights and court officials, noble women and servants. On the selected virtues - faithfulness, generosity, wisdom and honour - and social relationships - friendship, marriage and love - I observe the way of their depiction at individual social groups. Each social position carries different expectations. The attribution of characteristic features and the preferred type of behaviour reveal a clear hierarchy. The central character is the knight, to whom the other groups are always specifically related. In my opinion, the...
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The realization of daily life in the writings of the Czechs who travelled to the Near East in the late middle ages and early modern period
Homolka, Vojtěch ; Zilynská, Blanka (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
The remote voyages were absolutely extraordinary events in the Middle Ages and Early modern period. But even people far away from home had to eat, sleep at night and take care of their appearance. I focused on the remarks in the area of daily life in the Writings of the Czechs, who travelled to the Near East in the 15th and 16th centuries. Václav Wratislav z Mitrowicz stayed in the Constantinople, Martin Křivoústý, Martin Kabátník, Jan Hasištejnský z Lobkowicz, Oldřich Prefát z Vlkanova and Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic pilgrimized to the Holy Land. Kabátník and Harant then continued to the Egypt. An alimentation of travellers consisted particularly of bread, fruits and meat. They drank in most cases water and wine. On the one hand they could taste exotic dishes; on the other hand their fare was relatively monotonous - especially on the ship, in the prison or during crossing the desert. It was necessary to keep the basic hygienic habits in order to avoid an illness. For example red pestilence or seasickness threatened. The ill pilgrims could take shelter in a hospital. The dirty travellers could visit an oriental spa that had distinction. Sleeping in the far-away countries was not too comfortable. The people slept in the hospices, in the monasteries or in the open air. They lay on the plaited matting...
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The Magdeburg law in the towns of northwest Bohemia in pre-Hussite period
Mareš, Jan ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Bobková, Lenka (referee) ; Sulitková, Ludmila (referee)
The beginnings and propagation of the Magdeburg Law in the Czech lands in the Middle Ages are in the centre of attention of historical sciences since the second half of the 19th century. The period of great interest in this theme ends in the middle of the last cen tury and there i s a change in the direction of conservation of older knowledge. A detailed look on notorious development trends in connection with use of different types of sources can open new possibilities for efforts concerning deeper cognition of one of the most important components of the so called medieval transformation. The Magdeburg Law is a phenomenon transgressing borders of contemporary as well as medieval states in Centra!- and Eastern Europe, which is the reason to study it in the context of wider regions. Presented study incorporates three themes. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the initial situation that existed in the thirteenth century in one of the most important cities of northwest Bohemia Litoměřice, the later head of a great family of cities of German town law. The starting point for an attempt to explore the Litoměřice law in the 13th century is a not preserved compilation of various legal regulations sent directly from Magdeburg to Litoměřice in 1282. This is a rare case in Czech lands, which could be...
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Power and glory of the house of the Ronower. The career of Ronower in the Luxembourg era
Párysová, Františka ; Ledvinka, Václav (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
Smrt Zikmunda Lucemburského symbolicky uzavřela jednu etapu českých dějin. Husitská revoluce přinesla do života společnosti mnohé změny a byla odrazovým můstkem ke stavovskému státu. Téměř dvě a půl století jsme sledovali osudy rodu erbu ostrve, Ronovců, kteří se stejně jako ostatní šlechtické rody snažili vybojovat své místo na slunci. Z původních severočeských sídel se Ronovci rozšířili skoro do všech regionů Čech a Moravy, když ne přímo získáním držav, tak alespoň sňatkovou politikou.K tomu je nutno připočítat držbu lén, nejčastěji v Horní Lužici nebo v Kladsku. Snad žádný český ani moravský rod se nemohl vykázat takovou migrací. Ne všechny ronovské odnože Lucemburky přežily. Již v roce 1351 vymřeli po meči Žlebští z Lichtenburka, v roce 1410 Pyknové z Lichtenburka. Odnož Škopků z Dubé vyhasla přibližně ve stejnou dobu jako lucemburská dynastie a mnoho času už nezbývalo ani pánům z Pirkštejna. Slavný Hynek Ptáček z Pirkštejna zemřel bez mužských dědiců v roce 1444. Ostatní větve prokázaly větší životaschopnost, Krušinové a Bítovští z Lichtenburka žili ještě v 2.polovině 16.století, Berkové z Dubé a páni z Lipé dokonce ještě o půl století déle.
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