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Object Oriented Political Theory? A contribution of object oriented philosophy for political theory
Drozd, Václav ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
Václav Drozd Object oriented political theory? A contribution of object oriented philosophy for political theory Abstract (in English): This diploma thesis is concerned with the turn to materiality and object in contemporary philosophy and explores its impact on political theory. It focuses on conceptions trying to reformulate the relation between subject and object, culture and nature or human and inhuman entities - symetrical ontology of Bruno Latour, speculative realism and object-oriented ontology. The aim of the study is to identify the benefits of these aproaches for political theory. The first frame topic important for investigated theories is the relation of human and state towards complex technologies. The second general topic is the existence under conditions of anthropocene and climate change. Keywords: anthropocene, speculative realism, object, corelationism, actor, vibrant matter, technologies, symmetry, actor-network-theory, Latour
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Dissintegration and Search for order. Two basic variables in Shia islam political philosophy
Růžička, Jan ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
"Dissintegration and Search for Order" Two basic variables in Shia Islam political philosophy abstract The aim of the thesis is to classify the form of political leadership and domination in Shia islam's political ideology, their development and ability to succeed in political reality. I especially focus on the Shia understanding of political power and its connection to infallible Imam as secular and religious leader of the Shia community. For analysis of the concepts I use the description of early Islam, including the Shia reasons for the dissolution of Muslim ummah, as well as the reasons that led to the multiple division of Shiism. I analyse specific examples of ideological break up of the Shia community (Ithnasharia, Isma'ila, Hashashins, Alawi, Duryz and modern Islamic Republic of Iran) and finally cardinal reformulation of understanding of political leadership and domination by Ayatollah Khomeini. His concept Wilāyat al-faqīh (Guardianship of the jurist) started the era of radical transformation of the Shia political ideology, although he wanted only to modernize it and not to establish a brand new set up. My aspiration is therefore to analyze whether era of multiple dissolutions of political order will still continue or whether concept of Wilāyat al-faqīh can represent final step to end "period of...
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The Concept of Politics in the Realist Tradition of the Theory of Intenational Relations
Laššuth, Juraj ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The Concept of Politics in the Realist Tradition of the Theory of International Relations. Juraj Laššuth Abstract: Aim of this thesis is a reconstruction of the notion of politics in the school of classical realism in Theory of International Relations, using the texts of Hans Morgenthau primarily. This aim is followed in four steps - four chapters. First chapter describes relation between antropological/moral background of Morgenthau's political thinking and political sphere. Four images of the relations between anthropology and the evaluation of political sphere are identified and compared ("emacipation", "gay politics", "katechon" and "circles and antinomies") - the final one will be shown as connected with the notion of Hans Morgenthau's realism. Morgenthau's work, built up on tradition of the Pauline epistles, treats evil (defined by lust for power) as inherently present, indispensable from any human acts. Political sphere, defined according "the second principle of realism" by interest defined in terms of power, is a place, where morally ambivalent logic of power stands as the reason of acting. Second chapter addresses Morgenthau's notion of political science by comparing it with the project of Weberian social science, analyses its reason, ethos, complicated relations with its subject, dilemmas which...
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Nationalism and democratisation. Possibilities and limits of Yugoslav democratic alternative
Žaba, Jakub ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is concerned with the relation of the democratization process and the national mobilization in the case of former Yugoslavia. In the first part, the author deals with the tension between democratization and nationalism and describes moments in which both processes could become mutually reinforcing. A product of that is a democratic nation-state as a final consequence of the right of culturally defined nations to self-determination. However, refusing the nation-state as the sole scope of the democratic process, the author puts forward the concept of the state-nation by Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan. This concept deals with multiple but complementary political identities and enables to democratize multinational states, without denying the national segments the right to foster their cultural originality. In the second part of the thesis, the author analyses the Yugoslav case and explains reasons why at the turn of the 1990s the idea of a democratic state-nation was not put in practice, while the particular national projects, with democratic ambitions in many cases, were. In the author's opinion, the answer lies in a reduction of multiple but complementary political identities caused by the fact that loyalty to an ethno-culturally defined nation and loyalty to the Yugoslav political centre...
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Revolutionary Amoebas: Political Versatility as the Art of Resistance in Contemporary Germany
Kuřík, Bohuslav ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee) ; Feinberg, Joseph Grim (referee)
This dissertation is interested in what kind of self and techniques of resistance are acquired in order to be a revolutionary in the contemporary West. While I was conducting an ethnographic research between 2008 - 2015 following young activists from Germany in urban spaces of demonstrations, riots, direct actions, jails, the Internet, universities, housing projects, parent's homes in Germany as well as during solidarity trips to Mexico, Argentina, Israel/Palestine, Denmark or Italy, it was discovered that a concept of political versatility may be helpful here. Young revolutionaries are what I call revolutionary amoebas. Revolutionary amoebas acquire capacities to discuss at universities or public debates, write texts, talk, but they manage to argue beyond the discourse by throwing stones or burning cars in riots, organizing direct actions, smashing corporate properties, beating neonazis, attacking ultranationalists, or actively defending themselves against the police. As citizens of advanced liberal democracy, they enter public discussions of contested opinions, persuade people with their critical arguments and a few of them even vote, but they as well explore the political terrain considered illegal. Many of them know how to get funded from the state, The EU,...
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Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands
Kočařová, Martina ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands Bc. Martina Kočařová The Master thesis Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands explores current transformations of populism in contemporary Western Europe. The main objectives of the thesis are following: First, to verify a hypothesis implying that islamophobia has become a new feature of the contemporary populism, which has been consequently changing in terms of its content. Thus, it can hardly be classified as another form of the 'far right' politics. In this context, one may observe its shift towards the centre of the political party system. Second, based on the above outlined assumption, we aim to study whether the populist parties can be considered 'populist' in spite of the new features they have recently adopted. The theoretical framework of our research refers to Paul Taggart's conceptualisation of populism applying it on the cases of the French National Front under the lead of Marine Le Pen and the Dutch Party for Freedom and his leader Geert Wilders.
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Territorial cleavage: the development of relations between mainland France and its overseas territories in the Southern Pacific
Bodláková, Nina ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis examines the development of relations between mainland France (center) and its peripheries, French Polynesia and New Caledonia, which are located in the South Pacific. The thesis aims at answering the following questions: which factors have played a role in the mobilization of the peripheral cultures against the dominant center? How has the center reacted to the peripheral mobilization and its demands? Why has the separatism become much stronger in New Caledonia than in French Polynesia? The thesis examines the historical, societal and political developments in French Polynesia and New Caledonia since the dawn of their colonization till the present day in order to respond to the stipulated questions.
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French Republic and its position in the World
Čupka, Mikuláš ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Vargovčíková, Jana (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to describe V. French Republic, its unique mode of operation and particularly the position of president, as a characteristic symbol of semi- presidential systems. The beginning of the thesis and its first chapter is devoted to historical conditions and circumstances that led to the creation of the Fifth Republic. Afterwards, the work describes basic political institutions of the French system. The second part of the work deals with various theories of the semi-presidential systems and understanding of the French prototype within these definitions. The third chapter then compares the political practice in the United States and France. Likewise it compares the two kinds of presidents in those countries. Finally, the theme of the final chapter is French president's ability to govern as a modern "monarch" within the V. French Republic. Keywords V. French Republic; Semi-presidential system; cohabitation; President; Prime Minister; Political culture; United States of America; constitution
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Michel Novak and Patrick Buchanan as Major Representatives of Contemporary American Political Catholicism
Míčka, Roman ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Balík, Stanislav (referee) ; Hanuš, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation Michael Novak and Patrick Buchanan as Major Representatives of Contemporary American Political Catholicism compares the political thought of two faces of contemporary American political Catholicism represented by the neoconservative Michael Novak and the paleoconservative Patrick J. Buchanan. The first part deals with the context of contemporary political Catholicism and its historical background. The comparison thematizes five problem fields: the issue of democracy and American political system, economic problems, question of foreign policy, the issue of religion and Catholicism and, finally, the conflict over the basis of conservatism. To accomplish the given objective, I analyse the work of both authors, compare their respective ideological positions and set them in the context of other major authors in the given areas and in the context of established political theories. The comparison shows that they both emphasize the significance of the religious and moral aspect of democracy, especially in the American context, however, they do not agree on the universal reach of democratic ideals. In the field of economics, they stand for different views: Novak is an economic neoliberal, while Buchanan a radical economic nationalist. Similarly in relation to foreign policy, Novak...
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Apoštol Pavel a filosofie: Studie k politické teologii a její recepci v soudobé filosofii
Hanyš, Milan ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The thesis offers an interpretation of Paul's political thought and political theology in the context of current philosophy. The first part presents a methodological basis of the work: the concept of political theology is conceived as a methodological tool that enables us to concentrate on interrelations and mutual effects of religion and politics and to expose implicit or explicit political meanings and implications of religious ideas. The second methodological subchapter deals with Max Weber's approach to "economic ethics of world religions": Weber concentrates on historical crossroads and switches which are a result of random chain of coincidences and factors forming a specific relation to values (Wertbeziehung) which enables us to understand further historical development. Paul's missionary activity and theology is seen as such historical crossroad with far- reaching social consequences. Another part elaborately deals with the most important and influential interpretations of Paul in current non-Christian philosophy: Jacob Taubes, Alain Badiou, Giorgio Agamben. The attention is given not only to presentation of their interpretations but also to utilizations and interpretative gaps, which could be observed in the way these authors read and understand Paul. Though for different reasons, for all of them...
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