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Handicap in the context of ressilience
Iblová, Petra ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
Resilience je neopominutelmi zivotni realita, vsudypritomna v Bibli, v pohadkach a legendach vsech kultur. Ve francouzské psychologii se jedna o velmi aktualni a diskutovanou problematiku v poslednich sedmi letech. V anglosaském svete je znama o neco déle. V Ceské republice zustava resilience okrajovym tématem, predevsim z duvodu jazykové hariéry pramenu. Profesor Matejcek uvedl v roce 1998 tento koncept do ceské psychologie kratkym clankem v psychologickém casopise ,Ceskoslovenska psychologie", rocnik XLII, cislo 2, 1998, s. 97-105. Resilienci bychom mohli definovat spolecne s M. Rutterem jako:Zto : « Resilience je fenomén, ktery se objevuje u mladych jedincu, vyvijejicich se zdarne i pres to, ie proiili takovy stres, ktery pro beznou populaci pfedstavuje zavainé riziko negativnich dusledku. » v nasi rigor6zni praci bychom chteli prestavit tento koncept, jeho historii, definice a nektera prakticka vyuziti. Zamerili jsme se predevsim na studii resilience jedincu s pohybovym postizenim nasledkem urazu nebo nemoci. Teoricka cast rigor6zni prace ma za ukol predstavit historické pozadi a teoretické zaklady konceptu resilience, ospravedlnit zarazeni urazu a nemoci mezi zatezové situace a popsat mechanismy vyrovnavani se s temito situacemi. Dale se zabyva definicemi handicapu a podrobne se venuje psychologii...
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Factors influencing the choice of church in young converts
Čihánková, Ivana ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The subject of this dissertation is the course of religious conversion and the process of decision-making when converts decide which church they want to join. The theoretical part of the dissertation describes three models of conversion process which are based on psychological research works. Further it deals with a church as a large group and a small group because relationships with other believers (which fulfil the person's need to belong to a group of people) are one of important factors which could persuade a convert to join a church. At the end of the theoretical part there are stated the results concerning the number of believers and members of Christian churches from the census held in the Czech Republic, and there is also described a specific relation of the Czech society to Christian churches. The other part of the dissertation describes the results of qualitative research among 20 converts. The aim of the research was to compare the conversion process of young people with the models described in the theoretical part and to find out reasons which led to their decision to join a particular church. The respondents were chosen from the Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and three pentecostal churches because the research also tried to find out if the reasons for...
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The cross-cultural transfer and validation of Butler's self image profile for children
Fried, Martin ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee)
The aim of this study was the cross-cultural transfer and validation of the Self Image Profile for Children (Butler, 2001), originally validated for the sample of English children. The questionnaire was translated into Czech language using modified direct and back translation method. The sample was made up by 109 children from two elementary school in Prague, attending from 3rd to 5th grade. Construct validity was explored by comparison with results of Student's Perception of Ability Scale (SPAS), Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS). The third criterion was average school grade. Factor analysis revealed the same number of domains, but with slightly different item distribution. Reliability measured as the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was the same for Positive Self Image (.69) and better for Negative Self Image (.77) compered to original (.69 both). The results are discussed in connection with theoretical rationale of scale and possibility of further application in Czech background.
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Mental development of children with low birth weight
Švandová, Lucie ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the specifics of mental development of children of preschool and school age with very low to extremely low birth weight. The theoretical part is focused on prenatal and perinatal factors, the most common health problems and specifics of psychological development. Low birth weight, especially in the category of very low and extremely low birth weights poses a significant risk factor in somatic and mental development of these children. There is an increasing tendency in children with low birth weight to show the impact of immaturity in the areas of neurocognitive and psychosocial maturation. The aim of the empirical part is to evaluate the cognitive and socio-emotional development of children with very low to extreme low birth weight in two age groups (preschool and school age). The primary target group are children with perinatal stress, which are monitored and maintained therapeutically in the Center of complex care for children with perinatal stress at the Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine at Charles University. This thesis is dealt with within the project NF-CZ11-OV-1-009-2015 "New methods in the aftercare of children with perinatal stress in the Center of complex care for children...
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Perception of Education in a Family with a Drug-Addicted Child - The Influences of Family Education
Žáková, Martina ; Duplinský, Josef (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with a problém of drug abuse by children and adolescents and monitors the factors which can play a role in the origin of their addiction. It especially focuses on the role of family background which is observed as a part of the broad environment that influences the whole family systém. Besides this the personality factors which affect the occurance of addictive behaviour are also monitored; particularly the ones which are specific for the drug addiction of young people and which distinguishes it from the drug addiction of adults. It points out such changes in character and behaviour of the youngsters that can be signals for the others that something is wrong. It mentions the influence of their peers and searches for the reasons why the young people tend to simulate the actions in a socially deviant community. Analysing the family background we can understand how the different lifestyles of families can influence a tendency of the adolescents to hunt for drugs. The interest is aimed at a socially psychological organization of the family, a family typology and the qualities of family systems, especially their problematical fiinctioning. The family is regarded as one of the main sources for meeting the needs of the young. Therefore it is necessary to indicate the danger and protective family...
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Usage and application of the Fairy tale test on the selected sample of six and seven-years-old children
Průchová, Petra ; Šírová, Eva (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The Fairy Tale Test (FTT) is a projective personality test designed for children aged 6 to 12 years. FTT is based on the association between fairy tales and unconscious processes. Its goal is to assess the child's personality profile and to offer information not only about single personality traits but also their interrelations. It is possible it effectively employed as a method to assess eventual personality changes over time or as a tool in clinical or cross-cultural research as well. The Fairy Tale Test was standardized in five countries of the world Greece, Russia, China, India and Turkey, at the present time we effort to set up standard specification also in the Czech Republic. This diploma paper should also contribute to the standardization with administrating FTT and its evaluation to the selected sample of six and seven-years old children. Key words Fairy tales, interpretation of the fairy tales, projective tests, the Fairy Tale Test, younger school age.
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Game as a therapeutical process with children from families with dependencies
Kabilka, Aleš ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
This diploma work has name "Game as a therapeutical process with children from families with dependencies". It is divided into two parts; theoretical one and casuistries. Theoretical part consist from five main parts. In first one (Questions and Conceptions) I put emphasis into main concepts in this diploma work, i.e. game, dependency, gestalt, gestalt therapy. Second part (Game) is written to emphasis theory, history, progress, classification etc. of games. Third part (Game therapy and gestalt modality) puts accent to elements of gestalt approach as perception, consciousness. Also to therapists, their roles, etc. Fourth part (Borders) describes borders and their consequences, borders and love as their emotional part. Last part (Group play therapy) describes main parts of groups, their assemblage, fitness. Practical part is full of casuistries however it tries in detail describe how to manage children group, framework of organization where the group of children is, work with the group, work within group using experiments, gestalt approach. Last parts are as usually conclusion and list of used literature as well as attachments. as well as attachments.
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Alternative family care in Czech Republic and possibilities of psychologist's involvement in this field
Kociánová, Dominika ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned about the theme of alternative family care in Czech republic, it is focused on psychologist's involvement in this field. It report summary of informations about menaced and abandoned children, about types of alternative family care, about profession of psychologist, who is concerned this theme and about failings in contemporary system. Empiri- cal part of the diploma thesis bring enrichment of opinions and point of view of experts working in this field, describe profession of psychologist, garner observations of experts to problems, which they see from their experience in alternative family care and bring suggestions for solu- tion. The diploma thesis give informations about possibilities in education of psychologist and organization's service for alternative and biological families. This diploma thesis is intented for psychologist, as well as for all the experts who wants to work in this field.
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Work with children from alcoholic families, acces of gestalt therapy
Plassová, Alena ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This thesis focuses on the topic of children from families of alcoholics and ways to work with them using components of the gestalt therapy. Alcoholism is a disease that negatively influences the healthy psychosocial development of children in many ways. At home children learn model of how to approach life and they accept it as a standard for their own lives. For them it is normal to resolve problems through the use of alcohol, not to respect the needs of their friends, families and of themselves. At the same time children lose their ability to realize what they feel and they just resign themselves to the satisfaction of their natural childish needs in the stressed, often violent, family atmosphere without borders. Children who live with an alcoholic parent, in the long term, have problems with their behaviour, borders, emotions, relationships and self-acceptance. The psychological help for these children can relieve their actual tension. It can also convey concrete experience in relationships and in their acceptance by an adult. Gestalt therapy teaches children how to realize their needs and feelings again. It also offers clarification and efficiency of the manner that they enter contact with themselves and with others. The practical part contains case reports of psychological work with a group of children...
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The diagnosis of Asperger syndrome: a pilot study of Czech version ASSQ and ASAS
Krejčířová, Helena ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Drlíková, Eva (referee)
In a theoretical part of the present study we describe history, epidemiology, ethiology, diagnostic classification, diagnostic criteria and clinical features of Asperger syndrome, comorbidity, theory of autism, differential diagnosis and diagnostic methods for the Asperger syndrome. A practical part of this study examines the validity and reliability of two diagnostic schedule - ASSQ - High-functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire/Asperger Syndrome Screening Questionnaire - and ASAS - Australian Scale for Asperger Syndrome. ASSQ and ASAS are checklists for a completion on by lay informants when assessing symptoms characteristic of Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with a normal intelligence. Data for the parent and teacher ratings in the samples (sample AUT comprised 42 6- to 16-years-old children (39 boys, 3 girls) with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, the sample LMD comprised 143 cases (130 boys, 13 girls) with ADHD and leaming disorders and the control group of 163 participants (147 boys, 16 girls) from mainstream schools without any formal diagnosis) are presented along with various measures of reliability and validity. Optimal cut-off scores are estimated by the best ratio of the true positive rate (sensitivity) to...
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