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Brain Activation Sequences
Šusta, Marek ; Šonka, Karel (advisor) ; Krajča, Vladimír (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
Brain Activation Sequences Abstract INTRODUCTION: This research goes beyond the EEG source localization up to the field of brain connectivity in an attempt to create software tool that eases diagnostic procedures in selected nosologic units by discriminating between patients and healthy controls. METHODS: Experiment 1 - a group of 26 adult patients (14 male, 12 female) suffering from NC and 10 adult controls (5 male, 5 female) participated in the experiment. The experiment contained audio recordings designed to trigger laughter in participants during the EEG recording. Experiment 2 - twenty eight female inpatients diagnosed with ED and ten healthy controls were selected and presented with various stimuli while the EEG was recorded. The Brain Activation Sequences method, applied to all recordings, utilizes nonlinear differential model structure to calculate final output sequence of the brain locations involved substantially in the stimulus processing. RESULTS: Experiment 1 - the BAS results show statistically significant differences in activity between patients and controls namely in gyrus orbitalis, rectus, occipitalis inferior (right), occipitalis medius (right), paracentralis, cinguli, cuneus (right) and parahippocampalis (left). Experiment 2 - the results confirm significant differences in processing the...
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Sleep variability and sleep behavior of two selected homogeneous groups of aduls
Tomašovská, Jana ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee)
Nowadays, frequency of so called civilization diseases is raising and current life style of an industrial society brings increased number of sleep disorders. Various non-physiological and pathological phenomena, for which humans do not have and cannot have any adaptation mechanisms created, can be seen in our culture and society. The purpose of this thesis is to examine sleep habits of two groups of healthy adult persons (young adults and seniors) and determine factors having an influence on sleep quality. Three hypotheses were stated (Hypothesis No. 1: Sleep length and quality are changing throughout the life. Hypothesis No. 2: Sleep length has an influence on BMI. Hypothesis No. 3: Sleep length is dependent on a life style). Validity of these hypotheses was verified. The sample consisted of a group of young adults (76 women, 51 men) and of a group of active seniors (50 women, 40 men). Sleep behavior was investigated by a questionnaire form. Every person answered to 50 questions. Their answers were statistically processed. Basic somatic characteristics as body height, body weight and Body Mass Index were measured during the contact with respondents. Statistically significant difference (p < 0,05) in sleep behavior of young adults and seniors in weekdays and weekend was found out. Young adults were...
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Ischemic strokes in vertebrobasilar region, caused by lesions of magistral arteries
Škoda, Ondřej ; Kalvach, Pavel (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Kemlink, David (referee)
Vertebrobasilar ischemic strokes, caused by lesions of magistral arteries. Background and Purpose Progress in modern non-invasive or minimally invasive diagnostic methods has improved detection and evaluation of pathological changes in the vertebral arterial system. Ischemia in vertebrobasilar circulation, often caused by stenotic processes of vertebral arteries, is considered a severe form of stroke, with a mortality of 20 - 30%. Stenoses of these arteries may be responsible for up to one half of ischemic events in their nutritive region. Although there is no general consensus on treatment of the VA stenoses so far, recent recommendations consider interventions in secondary stroke prevention, when optimal conservative treatment did not prevent recurrent clinical symptoms. With the increasing number of centers providing diagnostics and possible interventional treatment, the objective assessment of these lesions should be available. However, due to a relatively small part of patients, who are indicated to vertebral angioplasty, the diagnostic procedures should be as noninvasive and safe, as possible. The aim of this study was to create the accurate, noninvasive an safe diagnostic algorithm for the detection and evaluation of the VA stenoses and to test its reliability on our own patients group....
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Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders
Vimmerová-Lattová, Zuzana ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Praško, Ján (referee) ; Šonka, Karel (referee)
Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders MUDr. Zuzana Vimmerová Lattová Abstract: Recent epidemiological and experimental data suggest a negative influence of shortened or disturbed night sleep on glucose tolerance. However, no comparative studies of glucose metabolism have been conducted in clinical sleep disorders. Dysfunction of the HPA axis may play a causative role in some sleep disorders and in other sleep disorders it may be secondary to the sleep disorder. Moreover, dysfunction of the HPA axis is regarded as a possible causative factor for the impaired glucose sensitivity associated with disturbed sleep. However, data on HPA system activity in sleep disorders are sparse and conflicting. We studied 25 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, 18 restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients, 21 patients with primary insomnia and compared them to 33 healthy controls. We performed oral glucose tolerance test and assessed additional parameters of glucose metabolism. The dynamic response of the HPA system was assessed by the DEX-CRH-test which combines suppression (dexamethasone) and stimulation (CRH) of the stress hormone system. Compared to controls, increased rates of impaired glucose tolerance were found in OSA (OR: 4.9) and RLS (OR: 4.7), but not in primary insomnia. In addition, HbA1c...
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Alternative methods in the surgical treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Vojtěch, Zdeněk ; Nevšímalová, Soňa (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Komárek, Vladimír (referee)
Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness and complications of alternative methods of stereotactic treatment (gamma knife radiosurgery and radiofrequency amygdalohippocampectomy) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis. Methods: Both patient groups underwent a standard preoperative epilepsy evaluation. Both procedures were planned according to the individual anatomy of each patient. Between November 1995 and May 1999, 14 patients underwent Leksell Gamma Knife radiosurgical amygdalohippocampectomy with a marginal dose of 18, 20, or 25 Gy to the 50% isodose following. Between April 2004 and October 2009 a group of 51 patients was treated using stereotactic thermo-lesion of the same mesiotemporal structures. Lesions were performed using a string electrode inserted through the occipital approach with a single trajectory. Results: In the radiosurgical group, one patient was classified as Engel Class Ib, three were Engel Class IIc, four were Engel Class IIIa, five were Engel Class IVb and one was Engel class IVc 39 months after treatment. One patient was classified as Engel Class Ib, three were Engel Class IIc, one was Engel Class IIIa, and two were Engel Class IVb in a subgroup of seven patients who were unoperated 2 years prior to the last visit and at least 8...
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Modulation of consequences of ischemia and hypoxia
Nohejlová, Kateryna ; Mareš, Jan (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Vožeh, František (referee)
Modulation of consequences of ischemia and hypoxia Kateryna Nohejlová (maiden Deykun), MD Abstract It is known from literature that that many types of insults are accompanied by the increase of free radicals level. The models of three pathological states, which are known to be related to the changes in free radicals production, were used for the purposes of the work. These models were also chosen because the intensity of action of pathogenic factor borderlines the threshold of mainly functional CNS disturbances. It was need for the animals to survive the interventions in order use behavioral methods of assessment. For the estimation of the degree of disturbances were used tests of postural motor function and motor learning and spatial orientation. The action of free radicals was evaluated indirectly by application of their scavengers and antioxidants: tempol and melatonin, which act extracellularly as well as intracellularly. Scavengers were administered as prevention, before an insult, and as therapy, after an insult. The results were divided into three sets of experiments: 1. Focal photothrombotic ischemia of sensorimotor cortex: The performance of animals that received tempol treatment did not significantly differ from the animals subjected to plain ischemia in either of tests. Melatonin application...
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Functional imaging of cortical evoked potentials following painful and nonpainful stimulation in healthy volunteers and chronic pain patients
Poláček, Hubert ; Stančák, Andrej (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Kuba, Miroslav (referee)
A close relationship between painful and non-painful (somatosensory) percepction was noticed already in the past centuries and led into development of many analgesic methods. Only basic neuroanatomical and neurophysiological research using animal models of nociception was able to shed more light on their proper mechanisms until the era of modern non- invasive imaging methods. The main aim of this thesis was to analyze non-invasively, in human volunteers and patients with chronic pain, spatiotemporal relations between brain evoked responses to painful (or aversive) and non-painful stimuli. In next step, to discuss the roles of different engaged mechanisms in found interactions and suggest recommendations for further research of pain. 4 experimental studies (3 in healthy volunteers and 1 in patients with failed back surgery syndrome) are presented. Using high-resolution EEG, phasic electrical stimulation of median, tibial or sural nerve(s), and source analysis of recorded data, modulations of all repersentative components of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) by several interfering conditions were analyzed. In healthy volunteers, effects of heterotopic repetitive heat pain administered to the right side of the body (ipsilateral to electrically stimulated nerve) were tested in Experiment 1 (compared to the...
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Treatment of sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (BiPAP) during sleep
Jantosová, Nikola ; Šonka, Karel (advisor) ; Pretl, Martin (referee)
(AJ): The thesis focuses on the topic of treatment of sleep apnea with noninvasive ventilation. The research deals with problems of sleep apnea and its role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. This work describes sleep laboratory methodology from baseline until completion of treatment which is ensured by two methods, with the help of sustained pressure. The goal of the research is to highlight the importance of sleep laboratory methodology in the treatment of sleep apnea. The research results confirm that the factors previously known, such as age weight and sex of the patient are responsible for the emergence of apnea. To improve the outcome of the treatment and its tolerance it is important to set the correct pressure.The results do not clearly point to the factor which results in insufficient use of noninvasive ventilation during sleep.
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