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Three essays in Development Economics
Valíčková, Petra ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee) ; Ščasný, Milan (referee) ; Nicolas, Claire (referee)
This dissertation thesis touches on some important aspects of development, including financial development and improved access to reliable energy sources, regional integration and expanded opportunities for trade. This thesis was written to help guide policy reforms especially in developing countries to expand sources of growth and put countries on track to better meet their long-term development goals, including a better and more sustainable future for everyone. This dissertation consists of three papers. In the first paper I investigate the empirical evidence on the relationship between financial development and economic growth. In doing so, I assessed over 270 studies for their potential inclusion in a meta-analysis. From those studies that contained an empirical estimate of the finance growth relationship, I compiled 1,334 coefficients and coded study characteristics for each. Taking the reported estimates together, I find a positive link between financial development and economic growth, but with widely varying individual estimates. By applying a multi-variate meta-regression, I explain the variation in reported results, stemming not only from differences in research design (by authors addressing or ignoring potential endogeneity issues) but also from real drivers (different regional and time...
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Enviromentální analýza nákladů a přínosů Určení společenské časové diskontní míry
Štěpaníková, Šárka ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Gregor, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis covers the field of risk management that companies need to deal with when trading on open account. Basis for this research is the question, whether credit risk management positively influences health of a company and whether credit insurance is effective tool when protecting against credit risk. The subject is firstly discussed in the context of current economic crisis and its impact on entrepreneurial environment, companies' payment behaviour and the volume of insolvencies. Further there are characterized types of credit risk, outlined risk management methods and compared selected instruments used for credit risk protection. Attention is devoted particularly to trade credit insurance. Finally effectiveness and actual usefulness of credit insurance is evaluated on selected models and a case study. Presented case study demonstrates a real life insurance contract and quantifies the cost saving resulting from risk protection through trade credit insurance. Keywords: economic crisis, payment behaviour, insolvency, risk management, trade credit insurance
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Factors influencing the transport mode decision - case of the Czech Republic
Preclíková, Michaela ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Hanus, Luboš (referee)
The thesis describes shares of use of transport modes to reach different activities and analyses influence of socio-demographic variables on a choice of transport mode for commuting to work in the Czech Republic. Data from the INHERIT survey are used for the analysis. Factors which influence the transport mode decision were identified using the multinomial logit model. Results show that men, people with higher income and households with at least one child are significantly more likely to commute to work by car than women, people who earn less money and households without children. Living in large cities decreases the likelihood of using car for work trips and increases likelihood of travelling by public transport.
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Health, Happiness and Consumption of Sugary Goods
Hanusová, Klára ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Opatrný, Matěj (referee)
Numerous studies have examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of sugar consumption, happiness, and life satisfaction. However, little is still known about association between sugar consumption on one side and happiness (or life satisfaction), on the other side, in particular, if we control for other key factors such as health, dietary patterns, or even addictive behaviour that all potentially affect both sugar consumption and life satisfaction. This thesis fills this research gap. Individual-level data obtained from the INHERIT multi-country survey are used to analyse these determinants in five European countries, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The analysis is relying on several econometric models for count and limited dependent variable data, including negative binomial, logit, multinomial logit, and bivariate probit. We found that younger, respondents with children, and in particular males are eating more portions of sugary goods. Higher consumption of sugary goods is also correlated with eating more meat and smoking, and bad health status, gastrointestinal disease in particular, that is likely consequence of these healthadverse habits. Many of the explanatory variables which are positively associated with sugar consumption, tend to have opposite...
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Three essays in energy and environmental economics
Rečka, Lukáš ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Knápek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Van Koten, Silvester (referee) ; Muchapondwa, Edwin (referee)
Three Essays in Energy and Environmental Economics Author: Mgr. Lukáš Rečka Supervisor: Mgr. Milan Ščasný, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2018/2019 Abstract This thesis consists of three articles that share the main theme - energy and environment. The dissertation aims mainly at the Czech energy system and analyses it development after the Velvet Revolution and its possible future development. The first article applies Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition to analyses the main driving forces of significant reduction in air quality pollutants during the transition of the Czech economy towards market economy in the 1990s. It continues then to investigate how the driving forces affected the emissions volumes during succeeding the post-transition period up to 2016. The second article reacts on the 2015 governmental decision to lift brown coal mining limits in the North Bohemia coal basin. The paper analyses the impacts of maintaining the ban on mining coal reserves and compares them with three alternative options that would each weaken the environmental protections of the ban. The impacts of each of these alternative governmental propostions are analysed on the Czech energy system, the fuel- and the technology-mix, the costs of generating energy, related emissions and external costs associated with the emissions....
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Postoje veřejnosti k politikám mitigace změny klimatu
Kyselá, Eva ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Vávra, Jan (referee) ; Kalvas, František (referee)
Research on public responses to climate change mitigation policies is proliferating. Therefore, a need to critically review the existing research practice arises. Studies published over the last 15 years (n=164) and focusing on public attitudes and responses to climate policies are reviewed in this thesis with respect to a) measures and operational definitions of policy support, acceptability, acceptance, and other types of responses and b) factors related to such responses. A great diversity of measures and measured constructs, frequent lack of theoretical embedding, and conceptual vagueness are currently pervasive in the field. Such state leads to uncertainty of what is being measured, ambiguity, and greater diversity and lower comparability of results. In response to this state, the thesis proposes a construct of policy attitudes and responses as an overarching concept comprising the diversity of measures and constructs already in use, and a theoretical framework, based on the Value- Belief-Norm theory, as a heuristic tool for measurement, analysis, and interpretation of survey results. Additionally, the thesis discusses the interlinkage of public opinion on climate policies and policy-making process to argue the relevance and the role of the reviewed research. Three original studies are part of...
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