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The impact of environmental enrichment on positional behaviour patterns of the common chimpanzees in the Chester Zoo (United Kingdom)
Peerová, Kateřina ; Vančata, Václav (referee) ; Marván, Richard (advisor)
Na základě našich zjištění se domníváme, že obohacení výběhu šimpanzů učenlivých v Chester Zoo mělo skutečně pozitivní dopad na studovanou skupinu, a to dlouhodobě. Věříme, že výsledky tohoto výzkumu shromážděné v rozmezí devíti let (fáze Pre, rok 1999, závěrečná fáze rok 2008), mohou být přínosem pro zoologické zahrady, usilující o behaviorálně zdravou šimpanzí populaci, i přes omezení, která zákonitě plynou z podmínek chovu v zajetí. Studie prokazuje souvislost mezi obohacením venkovního prostředí a výskytem zdravých vzorců lokomočně pozičního chování, které více odpovídají chování šimpanzů v přirozeném prostředí.
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Social structure and agonistic behaviour in western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) group in Prague ZOO
Válková, Veronika ; Marván, Richard (referee) ; Vančata, Václav (advisor)
In our research we analysed social structure, interindividual relationships and social and agonistic behaviour in captive gorillas. Data were obtained from a group of six western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) individuals during a continuous one year period observation in Prague ZOO. We assumed, that silverback is dominant to other individuals in the group and that there is no long-term social hierarchy between adult females. Likewise, that afiliative and agonistic behaviour is distributed unequal within the group and that the high-level visit rate increases the agonistic behaviour of gorillas. Sampling methods were: ad libitum sampling, focal animal sampling and all occurence sampling. For statistical data analysis we used specialized software (Noldus - MatMan LO). We confirmed, that the silverback has dominant position in the group and relationships between females are egalitarian. Afiliative contacts were observed only between females and young individuals or in young induviduals with each other. There is an unequal distribution of agonistic behaviour in the group and silverback's agonistic behaviour appears to response to agonistic encounters in females. The influence of highlevel visit rate to agonistic behaviour occurence were not confirmed. Our conclusion is, that gorillas in Prague ZOO,...
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BMI values of pupils of second level elementary schools
Revenda, Lukáš ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
More and more children are fascinated with idea of perfect slender figure today that brings them over a boundary of health troubles. The causes of this phenomenon are mainly seen in social and psychical factors, but biological causes, which have at least as same or stronger influence on subconscious perception of weight, are usually ignored. The important part of satisfied personality is not only weight but height of individuum as well. The ratio between these two parameters is determined by the Body Mass index (BMI) and in this thesis I will focused on why the values of BMI are essentially significant for adolescent. This submitted rigorous work thesis deals with values of BMI and factors that influence pupils in the age of 10 - 16 years. Identified values results from measurements of 681 pupils on 8 Prague's primary schools. The results of weight and height measuring were compared with findings of national anthropological research of the year 2001, let us say 1991. From the measurement that was made is clear that there was no increase of average body weight of boys in every categories under examination and as well no decrease of average body weight of girls in every categories under examination in comparison with CAV 2001. The thirteen-year-old boys are higher than the thirteen-year-old girls....
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Assessment of the textbook "Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates"
Řezníček, Jan ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Ziegler, Václav (referee) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
he textbook The Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates gives an historic survey of the vertebrate body evolution in a brief form. The textbook is devoted to the Natural History students of the Charles University that are grammar school teachers of the future. The book consist of eleven chapters containing a comparative anatomy of vertebrates. The names of the single chapters are as follows: 1. Early development of vertebrates, 2. Skeleton, 3. Muscular system, 4. Digestive system, 5. Respiratory system, 6. Circulatory system, 7. Urogenital system, 8. Skin, 9. Nervous system, 10. Sense organs and 11. Endocrine organs. The topic of the textbook is focused on a new knowlege based on the recent research in evolutionary biology. The second part containes the feed back assessment of the knowlege based on the evaluation the tests written by students before the lessons of the comparative anatomy and after it. The main aim of the textbook was to inform the students about new 1 indings in the comparative anatomy.
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Recognition of the Mimic Countenance of Man and Chimpanzee
Trnka, Radek ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Bartoš, Hynek (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Two hundred and one college students (101 females, 100 males) voluntarily participated in the present study. 7 basic facial expressions of human and 10 basic facial expressions of chimpanzee were used as stimulus. Slides were presented by data-projector on a projecting screen in the experimental room, while students judged individual facial expressions. After the judgment session, students filled out the Czech short version of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ; Spence & Helmreich, 1978). Data were assessed in general linear model with decoding accuracy for human facial expressions as a dependent variable and sex of subjects and M-F types of persons as effects. Biological sex was found to be significant for correct recognition of human facial expressions. M-F types had no significant influence to accuracy of decoding of human facial expressions. Additional t-test showed females reached higher accuracy scores for human facial expressions than males.
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The Behaviour of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) with a Concentration on Infant-handling in a Zoo
Hradilová, Eva ; Marván, Richard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This study (1) detailly describes and analyses selected affiliative behaviours in a captive group of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) and compares all findings with results of other studies in free- ranging and captive primate groups; (2) tries to deepen our knowledge about distribution of the affiliative behaviours in terms of the biological markets theory (N06 and Hammerstein 1995) with emphasis on possible effects of dominance-submisive relations, status of females (mothers vs. non- mothers) as well as age of dependent infants and thus examines its functionality in our study group; (3) tests which hypotheses about distribution of affiliative behaviours in nonhuman primates (see Seyfarth 1977, 1980, de Waal and Luttrell 1986, Manson 1998, Bentley-Condit et al. 2001, Henzi and Barrett 2002, Kleindorfer, Wasser 2004) fit best to situation in the study group. Subjects were 12 Japanese monkeys at Olomouc Zoo (Czech Republic): 8 adult females (all > 5 years of age; 4 mothers and 4 non- mothers) and 4 dependent infants ( 0 - 4 months of age; 1 female and 3 males). In summer 2006, a total of 138 observation hours of behavioural data were gathered on 23 days. A combination of focal-animal sampling, all occurences sampling, instantaneous scan sampling and ad libitum sampling (Altman 1974) was used to score adult...
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Problems Connected with the Teaching of the Biology of the Human at Primary and Secondary Schools
Pokorná, Jitka ; Skýbová, Jana (referee) ; Vančata, Václav (advisor)
Biologie člověka pojednává o všech stránkách života člověka, které vyplývají z jeho biologické podstaty a nepřesahují významněji do oblasti duchovní a sociální. Jedná se proto o obor velmi široký, jehož rozsah a hranice mohou být chápány různě (Novotný, Hruška 1999). Jakou metodu a formu výuky přírodopisu a biologie učitel zvolí, záleží na něm samotném. Ve své diplomové práci jsem se zaměřila na velmi účinnou metodu projektového vyučování, která vede к motivaci nejen žáky, ale i učitele. Vede děti к získávání vědomostí, к aktivnímu přístupu к učení i к uplatnění se v rámci kolektivu. Především proto bych doporučovala zařazovat tento typ výuky do učebních osnov častěji. Neustále se zdůrazňuje propojení školy s realitou života a právě projektové vyučování výuku životní realitě přibližuje nejvíce. Toto propojení výuky potvrzuji vytvořením školního projektu "Srdce" aneb konferencí o prevenci kardiovaskulárních chorob určený pro 8. třídu základní školy. Hlavním cílem mého projektu bylo zdůraznit důležitost zdraví a zdravého životního stylu pro každého z nás. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Human Health from the Perspective of Integral Anthropology
Zvírotský, Michal ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
The presented thesis, Human Health from the Perspective of Integral Anthropology, comprises six chapters. The introductory chapter is focused on theoretical questions of health and illness. Special focus is given to subject matter in the context of biological as well as social anthropology. These two disciplines are established in Europe as Integral Anthropology. Chapter further contains selected definitions of health. Next chapter is focused on health in relation to quality of life and meaningfulness of life. This chapter refers to the measurement of quality of life, cues and life targets, intrinsic faith and V. E. Frankl's logo therapy. The topic of the third chapter is illness of human life. This chapter discusses the concept of illness, disease and sickness, as well as bio-psychosocial and spiritual model of illness and civilization diseases. Chapter four makes up fundamental part of the work. This chapter's main focus is on primary, secondary and tertiary plane of health prevention. Furthermore various strategies for improvement of health are discussed in this chapter. Fifth chapter is dedicated to application of theory of human health in everyday school life. The issues of pathogenesis and salutogenesis as well as psycho- neuro-immunology are covered. Focus is given to practical questions of mental...
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Gerontology
Thorovská, Alena ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
The presented thesis is devoted to the issue of gerontology. In the theoretical part I will define the basic terms of social gerontology and then I will briefly deal with its history and current activities. In the next part I will continue by integrating the social gerontology into the world context and I will shortly expand on the demographic situation in our country and in the world. I will also mention the symptoms of ageing and its prevention. In the research part I will interview students of two Prague grammar schools and the following chapter will be devoted to the treatment and the evaluation of the results. In the practical part I will try to suggest some issues for the social gerontology that could be possibly incorporated to the Framework educational programme. The handbook of gerontology is a part of this thesis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Behaviour of Orangutans in Captivity and the Question of Large Primates in Education at Primary and Secondary Schools
Kašparová, Zuzana ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Vančatová, Marina (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the situation of the captive orangutans and the theme of orangutans in the school-books for primary schools and high schools. The captive orangutans have different surroundings than wild orangutans. Unsuitable conditions can be the causation of orangutans unfitting behavior. So it is very important to make such suitable surroundings for captive orangutans that it can evolve the behavior, skills and acquirement of orangutans. The main aim of the diploma thesis, based on theoretical insight, was to inscribe the behavioral differences between wild and captive orangutans. The description of the captive orangutans in the Prague ZOO is getting evolve this theme. The school-books analysis, work sheet and the presentation about orangutans could be useful for teachers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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