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Independent regulator as a public authority
Klimentová, Eliška ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Handrlica, Jakub (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
This dissertation thesis presents the elaboration of the issue of Czech independent authorities on the basis of empirical data. For the purposes of the dissertation, an extensive dataset was created, which covers 16 central administrative authorities, the Czech National Bank and the Supreme Audit Office monitored in the period 1993-2021. The dataset also contains data on the heads of these institutions, their professional backgrounds, links to political parties and chances of completing their mandate. A sub-objective of the dissertation is to conduct a quantitative assessment of the formal (de iure) independence of the institutions based on the internationally used Gilardi index. The results of the assessment are useful for categorizing independent administrative authorities and for comparing them internationally. The assessment of formal independence primarily represents a first and necessary step for follow-up research, and the results are included as input data for subsequent analysis. For the purposes of this thesis, a Gilardi index was constructed for 18 Czech institutions (a total of 394 individual independence index values) since 1993. In order to compile the index, it was necessary to analyse the legal regulation of the institutional set-up of the surveyed institutions, including the...
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Church autonomy in the Czech Republic as an expression of religious freedom and its legal limits
Suchomel, Petr ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Řepa, Karel (referee)
The thesis title The church autonomy in the Czech Republic as an expression of freedom of religion and its legal limits ABSTRACT The rigorous thesis deals with the constitutionally guaranteed autonomy of churches and religious societies as one of the essential elements of freedom of religion. It examines what is necessary content of it and seeks the highest permissible limits of its legal restriction in a democratic state governed by the rule of law (in general) and in the Czech Republic (in particular). It represents the autonomy of churches and religious societies as an integral part of religious freedom, which is an inalienable human right and freedom. The general part of the thesis analyzes the content of freedom of religion and the content of church autonomy, trying to define its maximum limits, especially through the development of constitutional law in individual European states (by comparing their constitutions) and through the abundant judicature of the European Court of Human Rights. The special part of the thesis deals with the development of freedom of religion and church autonomy in the territory of the Czech Republic since reception of Austrian law in former Czechoslovakia during the First Republic, through the "period of darkness" under communist totalitarianism to the present day. The...
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President of the French Republic its status evolution within theconstitutions and constitutional practice
Císař, Jaromír ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee) ; Giba, Marián (referee)
President of the French Republic its status evolution within the constitutions and constitutional practice Abstract This dissertation examines the character of French presidency in the republican system from the 19th to the 21st century, with emphasis on analysis of the position of power held by the presidents of the Fifth Republic from 1958 to present. It first examines the brief episode of the Second Republic from 1848-1852, then explains at length the genesis of the weak presidency in the Third Republic from 1870 and its continuation in the Fourth Republic after 1944, as well as the emergence of a strong presidency in 1958. After the historical outline, the majority of the work is focused on the status of the president in the Fifth Republic, in particular the manner of election, the length of his term, and his responsibilities. The following sections analyse the various powers of the President as articulated in the Constitution, according to the bodies to which they relate to in the system of separation of powers. First, the relations with the second branch of the two-headed executive power, which, in addition to the President, is the government and, in particular, the Prime Minister, are defined in more detail. Furthermore, attention is given to the shared powers exercised in coordination with the...
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"The Concept of Sovereignty of Thomas Hobbes and Samuel Pufendorf and its Role in the Constitution of Modern Concept of State".
Belling, Vojtěch ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Reschová, Jana (referee)
It is a topos of postmodern law and political philosophy to speak about the "change" of the concept of sovereignty, and to put the current forms of state existence in opposition to the "classical" theory of sovereignty. The theoretical content of this "classical" doctrine is too easy identified with the empirical reality of the Westphalian state system and understood as an apotheosis of the autonomous, independent states and legal systems. In this thesis I have therefore tried to investigate the logical core of the doctrine of sovereignty of two important political philosophers of the 17th century, Thomas Hobbes and Samuel Pufendorf. Based on the analysis of the central works of both authors, in the light of the latest research, the work shows that their understanding of sovereignty can only be understood with the help of the analysis of the concept of fictitious (or fictitiously) created artificial (moral) person. Sovereignty is no term for an empiricial force or violence, but the name for an imaginative absolute power that is connected to the artificial sphere of fictitious legal reality which is radically separated from the empirical world. The "sovereign power of the Commonwealth" is related to the fictional character of the state, which is identical to the concept of people (populus). The...
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Legal theoretical and philosophical aspects of formal and material truth in judicial proceedings
Ondřejek, Pavel ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
Ve své práci se pokusím nastínit některé aspekty problematiky zjišťování skutkového stavu, konkrétně problematiku různého pojetí formální a materiální pravdy. Téma je to podle mého názoru aktuální, neboť v současném rychle se měnícím právním řádu České republiky se snaha po urychleném návratu mezi vyspělé právní kultury mnohdy nesetkala se stejným úsilím po teoretickém zdůvodnění té či oné právní úpravy. V zásadě stejný závěr lze učinit podle mého názoru o procesu sbližování českého práva s právem Evropské Unie. Otázkami pojetí formální a materiální pravdy se ve své judikatuře zabýval několikrát i český Ústavní soud, přičemž ne všechny jeho závěry lze bez kritických připomínek přijmout. Jako příklad uvedu nález Ústavního soudu v kauze navrácení zámku Opočno, kde základem odůvodnění ÚS bylo tvrzení, že česká právní úprava občanského soudního řízení neopouští ani ve sporném řízení tzv. zásadu materiální pravdy, jejíž dodržování je předpokladem pro dosažení účelu soudního řízení, totiž zajistit spravedlivou ochranu práv a oprávněných zájmů účastníků řízení.4 Pojetí formální a materiální pravdy s sebou nese přirozeně řadu filosofických aspektů. Samotný pojem pravdy je předmětem zkoumání filosofie, konkrétně filosofické disciplíny ontologie. Problematikou poznatelnosti se zabývá teorií poznání, nazývaná též...
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The question is, what law applies
Krzyžanková, Katarzyna ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this paper is to provide the identification and the analysis of the major factors which affect the answer to the question: What is found legal [i.e. according to law] in the particular case? Primarily analytical - descriptive method in association with the multidisciplinary approach is chosen to illuminate the complex nature of this issue. In other words, the diverse pieces of knowledge stemming from the various social science sub- disciplines such as psychology, sociology, jurisprudence, ethnology and anthropology are brought together to reveal frequently hidden constituents of the response to the question 'quid iuris?' The paper consists of 6 chapters. The introductory chapter, which offers a preliminary insight into the problem, is followed by the four major parts that gradually, as a whole, give a steadily more accurate picture of different variables reflecting in the answer, what is legal. More precisely, in Chapter 2 the mutual relation between the law on the one side and human culture and human instincts on the other side is investigated. A dissection of an extensive body of the anthropologically oriented literature leads to the deduction that the appearance of law is mostly influenced by the human culture and that universal instincts have an effect just on the resemblance of...
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTITUTION OF STATE CITIZENSHIP IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND THE CONTEMPORARY SITUATION
Hřebejk, Jiří ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Helena (referee) ; Svatoň, Jan (referee)
The thesis entitled "Development of the Institution of State Citizenship in the Czech Republic and the Contemporary Situation" deals with the theoretical concept of the institute of citizenship, the content of the term, the historic origins of the archetype of modern citizenship in the ancient world and in the territory of the present Czech Republic, its stipulation in private law regulations, and its gradual transformation into a public institute. The thesis is a genesis of the constitutional and legal regulation in Czechoslovakia between 1918 to 1992, in the Czech Republic as the subject of the Czechoslovak Federation between 1969 and 1992, and in the autonomous Czech Republic from 1993 to the present. The thesis also refers to the international conventional regulation of the institute of citizenship, which is the expression of the sovereignty of a state, but multilateral international agreements between countries create a uniform platform of this institute, mainly within Europe. Court jurisdiction is also discussed, namely of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic in relation to the content and interpretation of the institute of citizenship in the legislation of the Czech Republic.
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